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this paper’s goal is to make fuse, manipulation, management, maintenance and service of spatial data to an organic integrity by IPMMSD, to digitalize model of geo-spatial data, also to bring an software platform for abundant spatial data’s management, to provide users an intelligent platform for getting spatial information rapidly, and also to make an basic software for spatial dynamic and quantitative analysis. On the support of spatial database management system to realize integration of multi-scale, multiresolution, multi-type, multi-time digital map, image and property data, and manage these data by concentrative or distributive way, to make abundant isolated information into share data resource.

In this article a small amount (4%) of a series of polymer additives were blended with polypropylene (Exxon 3746G) and polyester (Eastman 14965) polymers and the mixtures were processed. The effect of these additives on the surface energy of the polymers was characterized by the contact angle measured on single fibers and by surface energy on nonwoven webs. The results indicate that fibers modified by silicone-containing polymer additives showed the greatest increase in hydro-phylicity. Meltblown webs of PP and PET with selected additive also shared the same potential increase of hydrophilicity.

Change in the sleeping environment can produce significant alterations in sleep. To determine how these alterations may vary with the amount of change and the relative reactivity of the sleeper, we examined the influences of environmental novelty on sleep in two mouse strains that differ in behavioral anxiety. Mice [BALB/cJ (n=7) and C57BL/6J (n=8)] were implanted for recording EEG and activity via telemetry. Following baseline data collection, activity and sleep were examined over 46 h after routine cage change, after placing a simple novel object (PVC Tee) in the home cage, and after handling controls. Mice of both strains showed immediate increases in activity and decreases in rapid eye movement sleep (REM) and non-REM (NREM) after cage change and novel object. Within strain, changes in activity and sleep were greater after cage change than after novel object. Changes in activity and sleep time were significantly correlated in each strain. Compared to C57BL/6J mice, BALB/cJ mice exhibited greater and longer duration initial reductions in sleep time, and greater increases in EEG slow wave activity power after cage change and novel object, but these changes were not followed with subsequent increases in sleep time. In contrast, C57BL/6J mice showed significantly greater subsequent increases in sleep time following the initial reductions induced by both manipulations. The results suggest that initial decreases and subsequent increases in sleep time are related to putative differences in the intensity of environmental novelty (cage change>novel object) and to previously described strain differences in anxiety (BALB/cJ>C57BL/6J).

The open field (OF) is thought to induce anxiety in rodents. It also allows an opportunity for exploration in a novel environment. Less activity in the OF is thought to indicate greater anxiety whereas more activity may reflect greater exploration, and possibly greater exploratory learning. Anxiety and learning have poorly understood relationships to sleep. In order to determine how anxiety and exploration in the OF could influence sleep, we recorded sleep in mouse strains (C57BL/6J (B6), BALB/cJ (C), DBA/2J (D2), and CB6F1/J (CB6)) with different levels of anxiety and exploration after 30 min in an OF. In all strains, OF exposure induced immediate decreases in rapid eye movement sleep (REM) followed by longer latency increases in REM. The time course and amount of REM decreases and increases varied among strains. Compared to less anxious B6, D2 and CB6 mice, C mice had greater and longer lasting immediate decreases in REM. C mice also displayed longer periods of decreases REM and a smaller, longer latency increase in REM. OF exploratory activity was positively correlated to percentage of REM increases from 6 to 10 h after OF exposure. The results suggest that the anxiogenic component of the OF produced an immediate decrease in REM that was greater in more “anxious” mice. In contrast, exploration in the OF was associated with increased REM, with the increase greater in less anxious mice. The results are discussed with respect to the potential influences of anxiety and learning on sleep.

Side-by-side bicomponent meltblown fibre webs are produced on Reicofil® bicomponent (bico) meltblown line at TANDEC using polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polybutylene terephthalate (PBT), polyamide (PA), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polylactide (PLA), etc. In this study, fibre splitting of the bico meltblown webs is investigated by several approaches, including hydroentanglement, hot water treatment, benzoic acid treatment, and alkali treatment. The web properties and the interfacial adhesion within the bico fibre are also discussed.

In the practice of cartography, people always face two kinds of geographic world's models. One is digital landscape model (DLM), and another is digital cartographic model (DCM). In DLM, geographic feature are expressed by coordinate, attribute and relationship among them, it is independent from symbols. Reversely, DCM is closely related with symbols and paper maps which will be published. In this paper I will discuss the design of map database for DCM. First, this paper introduces characteristics of GIS database and Map database to us, and then elaborates their relationships and differences. Second, it represents the contents of map database, which consists of five parts such as spatial location, attributes, spatial relationship, time, symbol and cartographic expert's knowledge for symbolization control. So we can draw a conclusion that the map database is an organic combination of GIS database and cartographic expert's knowledge. Third, this dissertation depicts the implement of map database by an example which is applied in the paper topography mapmaking and infrastructural geographic information's yield. We design data tables according to geographic feature's geometry type such as point, line, polygon, complex and annotation. By foreign keys related to dictionary tables we can divide features into different geography layers (such as vegetation, river, road etc.) and publish layers (such as red point, black line, green polygon, black annotation etc.). Aiming at different geographic feature possessing of different items of attributes, we also design a universal method to store feature's attribute data. Fourth, this dissertation introduces a method using cartographic expert knowledge and experience to control the process of dynamic map symbolization. The authors think it should formalize the fuzzy and ambiguous expert knowledge and build expert knowledge repository. By an example it illustrates how to establish cartographic expert knowledge repository and how the formalized expert knowledge to control the geographic features' symbolization. And then, it elaborates how the formalized cartographic expert knowledge to controls the annotations' symbolization on a map.

The mutual conversion between analog map and digital map is two main contents of the study on digital mapping, which is the production of paper map and spatial data. The visualization of spatial data is the common problem that the spatial data application system confronted, so it is practically meaningful to study the mutual conversion between analog map and digital map. The paper indicates the two processes of the decrease and increase of cartographic information content in two conversions, educes a cartographic information transfer model based on Shannon communication system model, and makes a deep quantitative and qualitative analysis on the decrease and increase of cartographic information in analog/digital conversion in terms of information theory and cartographic theory. The paper also shows that the accuracy of cartographic information should be improved in analog-digital conversion and the information content transformed should be increased to the fullest extent in digital-analog conversion. The corresponding disposal is respectively given for the two processes.

The nucleus reticularis pontis oralis (RPO) and nucleus reticularis pontis caudalis (RPC) are implicated in the generation of rapid eye movement sleep (REM). Work in cats has indicated that GABA in RPO plays a role in the regulation of REM. We assessed REM after local microinjections into RPO and RPC of the γ-aminobutyric acid-A (GABAA) agonist, muscimol (MUS), and the GABAA antagonist, bicuculline (BIC). Rats (90-day-old male Sprague-Dawley) were implanted with electrodes for recording electroencephalographs (EEG) and electromyographs (EMG). Guide cannulae were aimed into RPO ( n = 9) and RPC ( n = 8) for microinjecting MUS (200, 1,000.0 μM) and BIC (0.056, 0.333, 1.0, 1,000.0, and 10,000.0 μM). Animals received bilateral microinjections of saline, MUS, and BIC (0.2 μl microinjected at 0.1 μl/min) into each region followed by 6-h sleep recordings. In RPO, MUS (1,000.0 μM) suppressed REM and BIC (1,000.0 μM) enhanced REM. In RPC, MUS (200, 1,000.0 μM) suppressed REM, but BIC (1,000.0 μM and less) did not significantly affect REM. Higher concentrations of BIC (10,000.0 μM) injected into RPO ( n = 9) and RPC ( n = 4) produced wakefulness and escape behavior. The results indicate that GABA in RPO/RPC is involved in the regulation of REM and suggest site-specific differences in this regulation.