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Supplementary Data from Proteomic Mapping and Targeting of Mitotic Pericentriolar Material in Tumors Bearing Centrosome Amplification

Supplementary Figure from Proteomic Mapping and Targeting of Mitotic Pericentriolar Material in Tumors Bearing Centrosome Amplification

Recent work has made it clear that pericentriolar material (PCM), the matrix of proteins surrounding centrioles, contributes to most functions of centrosomes. Given the occurrence of centrosome amplification in most solid tumors and the unconventional survival of these tumor cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that gel-like mitotic PCM would cluster extra centrosomes to defend against mitotic errors and increase tumor cell survival. However, because PCM lacks an encompassing membrane, is highly dynamic, and is physically connected to centrioles, few methods can decode the components of this microscale matrix. In this study, we took advantage of differential labeling between two sets of APEX2-centrosome reactions to design a strategy for acquiring the PCM proteome in living undisturbed cells without synchronization treatment, which identified 392 PCM proteins. Localization of ubiquitination promotion proteins away from PCM was a predominant mechanism to maintain the large size of PCM for centrosome clustering during mitosis in cancer cells. Depletion of PCM gene kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) caused centrosome clustering failure and apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study suggests a strategy for targeting a wide range of tumors exhibiting centrosome amplification and provides a proteomic resource for future mining of PCM proteins.Significance:This study identifies the proteome of pericentriolar material and reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities in tumors bearing centrosome amplification.

Supplementary Table from Proteomic Mapping and Targeting of Mitotic Pericentriolar Material in Tumors Bearing Centrosome Amplification

Rabies is a serious public health issue in China, with over 95% of human infections transmitted by dogs. As part of a routine surveillance carried out in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR) between 2019 and 2021, 80 of 95 suspected rabies cases in domestic animals (dogs, livestock) and wild carnivores (foxes, badgers, a raccoon dog) were confirmed as rabies virus (RABV) positive. Phylogenetic analysis of RABVs of the 80 cases based on complete N genes showed that 97.5% (78/80) of the virus strains belonged to the Cosmopolitan (steppe-type) clade, with one in each of Arctic-related (AL2) and Asian (SEA1) clades. The data show that infected foxes have become a major transmission source of rabies in China, second only to dogs, and play a pivotal role in animal rabies epizootics in the north and northwest of the country. The recent spread of fox rabies to other animal species presents an increasing threat to public health and emphasizes the importance of animal rabies surveillance.

As a common feature of tumors, chromosomal instability (CIN) not only forces carcinomatous evolution, but also loads cancer cells with extra pressure through a robust imbalance of genome patterning that may be used for cancer treatment. Errors in cytokinesis increase CIN, so cytokinesis components are valuable targets for treating cancer. However, due to the short time span and confined space of cytokinesis bridges, profiling cytokinesis factors is challenging. Taking advantage of engineered ascorbate peroxidase (APEX2), we established a cytokinesis bridge-APEX reaction in living cells. A total of 218 cytokinesis bridge proteins were identified with high reliability. Knockdown of cytokinesis bridge genes generated micronuclei that activate the cGAS-pathway and cause apoptosis in cancer cells bearing high CIN rather than low CIN. Thus, our study proposes a strategy for killing high-CIN tumors regardless of tumor type, and provides a proteome resource of cytokinetic bridges for future research.

As an emerging metabolite-mediated post-translational modification, lysine lactylation (Kla) is discovered on histones that regulates gene transcription from chromatin. However, whether lactylation could occur outside the nucleus across broad proteins and its regulatory enzymes remains unclear. Here, we observe global Kla occurs in both nucleus and cytoplasm in colorectal cancer (CRC), and negatively correlates with its prognosis. Among the lactylated proteins in CRC, we find eEF1A2, a fundamental protein in translation elongation, is hyperlactylated at its lysine 408 (K408). The lactylation of eEF1A2K408 results in increased translation elongation rates and elevated protein synthesis in line with CRC cells proliferation. By screening eEF1A2 interacted proteins, we identify KAT8 as a pan-Kla writer which is responsible for installing Kla on many proteins in diverse biological processes, notably in tumorigenic signaling pathways. Deletion of KAT8 effectively decreases CRC tumor growth especially in high-lactic tumor microenvironment, which associates with reduced KAT8-mediated Kla. Together, our work uncovers that KAT8 catalyzes broad lactylation as a lactyltransferase which could be a potential target for CRC and the KAT8-eEF1A2 Kla axis is a novel mechanism for cancer adaptation to increased translational requirements.

Sandwich beams are commonly used in vibration absorption applications due to their inherent properties. To further mitigate vibration, metamaterials with periodic properties or periodic resonators are widely incorporated as composite cores to create phonon bandgaps in sandwich beams. However, the effect of periodicity in face sheets of the sandwich beam has been sporadically explored. This paper parametrically investigates the effect of the subunit cell size and different periodicity for top and bottom face sheets on opening bandgaps that can filter transverse and longitudinal waves individually or simultaneously. Structures can be protected from both transverse and longitudinal waves using such mechanisms by enhancing the coupling effect between transverse and longitudinal modes within sandwich structure.

The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of BRAF-activated non-protein coding RNA (BANCR) on pancreatic microlymphangiogenesis in pancreatic cancer (PC) and its molecular mechanism under hypoxic conditions. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to detect the expression of BANCR in SW1990 and PANC-1 PC cell lines under normoxic and hypoxic conditions. Subsequently, the expression of BANCR in the PC cells was knocked down using small interfering RNAs (siRNAs). Western blotting and RT-qPCR analyses were performed to detect the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1α), VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in the transfected cells. In addition, the transfected PC cells were co-cultured with human lymphatic endothelial cells and the lymphatic microvessel density (MLVD) was detected under normal and hypoxic conditions. Furthermore, HIF-1α expression in the PC cells was knocked down using siRNAs, and VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 mRNA expression in the HIF-1α knockdown cells was detected using RT-qPCR. The results showed that the expression of BANCR in the SW1990 and PANC-1 PC cell lines was significantly higher than that in human pancreatic duct endothelial cells. Additionally, the expression of BANCR was significantly increased in PC cells under hypoxic conditions compared with normoxic conditions. The MLVD of PC cells under hypoxic conditions was significantly higher compared with that under normoxic conditions, and the MLVD in the si-BANCR group was lower than that in the si-NC group, indicating that si-BANCR downregulated MLVD. These results indicate that BANCR positively regulated the expression of HIF-1α in PC cells at the transcriptional and translational levels. Finally, the expression levels of VEGF-C and VEGFR-3 in PC cells were significantly reduced when BANCR or HIF-1α expression was knocked down. In conclusion, the results demonstrate that the expression of BANCR in PC cells was significantly increased under hypoxic conditions and suggest that BANCR promoted tumor cell lymphangiogenesis by upregulating the HIF-1α/VEGF-C/VEGFR-3 pathway, which plays an important role in the process of PC lymph node metastasis.

Since 1996, transgenic Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) cotton has been commercially grown in numerous countries in an effort to stem the losses caused by key lepidopteran pests. However, the development of pest resistance to Bt toxins has jeopardized the continued utilization of Bt cotton. As a strategy designed to circumvent the development of resistance, Bt cotton varieties expressing two or more toxins targeting the same pest have been introduced. Nevertheless, from the perspective of long-term planting of Bt cotton, the potential risk of cross-resistance to these Bt toxins is a threat that cannot be ignored. In this paper, we review current research (including that based on the analysis of protein binding sites and resistance genes) on the resistance of cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigerd) to the Bt toxins Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab and the interrelationship between these toxins. On the basis of existing evidence, we assume that the actions of Cry1Ac and Cry2Ab against cotton bollworm are not completely independent, and then propose the “resistance-associated gene mutation potential hypothesis”. Although the mechanisms underlying the resistance of pests to Bt toxins are yet to be comprehensively elucidated, this hypothesis could undoubtedly have important implications for adopting “pyramid” strategy in the future. Further research is recommended to devise strategies to retard the development of H. armigera resistance to Bt cotton, either using different Bt toxins or their various combinations.

Preeclampsia is a severe pregnancy‐related disease that is found in 3%–5% of pregnancies worldwide and is primarily related to the decreased proliferation and invasion of trophoblast cells and abnormal uterine spiral artery remodelling. However, studies on the pathogenesis of placental trophoblasts are insufficient, and the aetiology of PE remains unclear. Here, we report that endothelial protein C receptor (EPCR), a transmembrane glycoprotein, was down‐regulated in placentas from preeclamptic patients. Moreover, lack of EPCR significantly reduced the trophoblast cell proliferation, invasion and tube formation capabilities. Microscale thermophoresis analysis showed that EPCR directly bound to protease‐activated receptor 1 (PAR‐1), a G protein‐coupled receptor. This change resulted in a substantial reduction in active Rac1 and caused excessive actin rearrangement. Our findings reveal a previously unidentified role of EPCR in the regulation of trophoblast proliferation, invasion and tube formation through promotion of actin polymerization, which is required for normal placental development.

Recent work has made it clear that pericentriolar material (PCM), the matrix of proteins surrounding centrioles, contributes to most functions of centrosomes. Given the occurrence of centrosome amplification in most solid tumors and the unconventional survival of these tumor cells, it is tempting to hypothesize that gel-like mitotic PCM would cluster extra centrosomes to defend against mitotic errors and increase tumor cell survival. However, because PCM lacks an encompassing membrane, is highly dynamic, and is physically connected to centrioles, few methods can decode the components of this microscale matrix. In this study, we took advantage of differential labeling between two sets of APEX2-centrosome reactions to design a strategy for acquiring the PCM proteome in living undisturbed cells without synchronization treatment, which identified 392 PCM proteins. Localization of ubiquitination promotion proteins away from PCM was a predominant mechanism to maintain the large size of PCM for centrosome clustering during mitosis in cancer cells. Depletion of PCM gene kinesin family member 20A (KIF20A) caused centrosome clustering failure and apoptosis in cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Thus, our study suggests a strategy for targeting a wide range of tumors exhibiting centrosome amplification and provides a proteomic resource for future mining of PCM proteins. Significance: This study identifies the proteome of pericentriolar material and reveals therapeutic vulnerabilities in tumors bearing centrosome amplification.

We investigate theoretically and demonstrate experimentally, the effect of material and geometric periodicity in face sheets on the overall dynamics of sandwich beams. By treating the two face sheets and core as separate entities using the classic sandwich plate theory (CPT), in conjunction with Bloch theorem, and solving the governing equations with the transfer matrix method (TMM) and the generalized differential quadrature method (GDQM), we obtain a low-frequency \textit{total} bandgap in which both transverse and longitudinal waves are blocked in sandwich beams with glide-reflected (GR) face sheets. On the other hand, only \textit{partial} bandgaps blocking either transverse or longitudinal waves are present in the ones with mirror-reflected (MR) face sheets. Furthermore, a combination of full-scale finite element method (FEM) simulations and experimental characterization provide unequivocal evidence of these phenomenal wave features, as well as the accuracy of our theoretical results via defining separate displacement fields in comparison with effective periodic Timoshenko beam models. Our study indicates new mechanisms to suppress low-frequency elastic waves by tuning face sheet symmetry. Our explanation of wave behaviors from a structural symmetry point of view also provides a more comprehensive understanding of the symmetry effect on wave propagation in quasi-one-dimensional structures at large.

Introduction Rabies is a fatal zoonotic infectious disease that poses a serious threat to public health in China. Since 2005, a National Animal Rabies Surveillance System has been operating to understand the rabies situation in animals in China with a view to control and eventually eliminate dog-mediated human rabies. Methods From 2010, the brain tissues of dogs, livestock, and wild animals showing rabies-like clinical signs were collected and tested by the National Reference Laboratory (NRL) for Animal Rabies to analyze the epidemiological characteristics of rabies, including animal species, geographic distribution, and transmission sources. Over the same period, clinically suspected animal rabies cases were collected by Animal Disease Control Centers through the National Animal Disease Monitoring Information Platform (NADMIP) and then reported in the Veterinary Bulletin. Results During 2010–2020, 170 of 212 suspected animal rabies cases were submitted to and confirmed by NRL as rabies virus-positive. Of these confirmed cases dogs, especially free-roaming and ownerless dogs in rural areas, were major transmission hosts (71/170). A total of 51 infected dogs attacked humans with 45 biting more than one person. The dog cases were reported all year round, but with significantly more in spring and summer. The majority of livestock rabies cases (70/80) being caused by rabid wild foxes in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia revealed that foxes play a pivotal role in animal rabies epizootics in the north and northwest of the country. Conclusion Dogs were the main transmission sources of rabies in China, and along with the recent increase of rabies in foxes and other wildlife, presented an increasing threat to livestock and public health.

The spatial correlations of entangled polymer dynamics are examined by molecular dynamics simulations and neutron spin-echo spectroscopy. Due to the soft nature of topological constraints, the initial spatial decays of intermediate scattering functions of entangled chains are, to the first approximation, surprisingly similar to those of an unentangled system in the functional forms. However, entanglements reveal themselves as a long tail in the reciprocal-space correlations, implying a weak but persistent dynamic localization in real space. Comparison with a number of existing theoretical models of entangled polymers suggests that they cannot fully describe the spatial correlations revealed by simulations and experiments. In particular, the strict one-dimensional diffusion idea of the original tube model is shown to be flawed. The dynamic spatial correlation analysis demonstrated in this work provides a useful tool for interrogating the dynamics of entangled polymers. Lastly, the failure of the investigated models to even qualitatively predict the spatial correlations of collective single-chain density fluctuations points to a possible critical role of incompressibility in polymer melt dynamics.

Columnar databases rely on specialized encoding schemes to reduce storage requirements. These encodings also enable efficient in-situ data processing. Nevertheless, many existing columnar databases are encoding-oblivious. When storing the data, these systems rely on a global understanding of the dataset or the data types to derive simple rules for encoding selection. Such rule-based selection leads to unsatisfactory performance. Specifically, when performing queries, the systems always decode data into memory, ignoring the possibility of optimizing access to encoded data. We develop CodecDB, an encoding-aware columnar database, to demonstrate the benefit of tightly-coupling the database design with the data encoding schemes. CodecDB chooses in a principled manner the most efficient encoding for a given data column and relies on encoding-aware query operators to optimize access to encoded data. Storage-wise, CodecDB achieves on average 90% accuracy for selecting the best encoding and improves the compression ratio by up to 40% compared to the state-of-the-art encoding selection solution. Query-wise, CodecDB is on average one order of magnitude faster than the latest open-source and commercial columnar databases on the TPC-H benchmark, and on average 3x faster than a recent research project on the Star-Schema Benchmark (SSB).

The study of liquid dynamics at mesoscopic scales is still strewn with difficulty due to limitations in theory and experiment. Historically, significant attention has been given to the analysis of space-time correlation functions and their frequency-Fourier transforms at a few discrete wave numbers. The massive computing power afforded by modern high performance computing clusters and the advent of a wide-angle neutron spin-echo spectrometer, however, have unlocked a more intuitive and fruitful approach to this problem. Using molecular dynamics simulations, here we demonstrate the benefits of spatiotemporally mapping intermediate scattering functions on a dense grid of correlation times and wave numbers. Four model systems are investigated: a Lennard-Jones liquid, a coarse-grained bead-spring polymer, a molten sodium chloride, and a poly(ethylene oxide) melt. We show that the spatiotemporal mapping approach is particularly useful for elucidating the mesoscopic dynamics in these liquids, where several underlying mechanisms, such as molecular relaxations, hydrodynamic modes, and nonhydrodynamic excitations, are potentially at play. Compared to the traditional method, direct visualization of density space-time correlation functions on two-dimensional color maps permits appraisals of complicated dynamical behavior at mesoscales in a global manner. For example, the scaling relations between space and time for different types of molecular motions can be straightforwardly identified on these plots, without any model-dependent analysis. Additionally, we show how theoretical ideas regarding collective mesoscopic dynamics, such as the classical hydrodynamic theory, the convolution approximation, and a recently proposed phenomenological model, can be discussed in terms of the global features of spatiotemporal maps of intermediate scattering functions. The new perspective offered by the spatiotemporal mapping method should prove useful for the study of liquid dynamics in general.

Background & Aims Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a frequent cause of hepatic dysfunction and is now a global epidemic. This ailment can progress to an advanced form called nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and end-stage liver disease. Currently, the molecular basis of NASH pathogenesis is poorly understood, and no effective therapies exist to treat NASH. These shortcomings are due to the paucity of experimental NASH models directly relevant to humans. Methods We used chimeric mice with humanized liver to investigate nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in a relevant model. We carried out histologic, biochemical, and molecular approaches including RNA-Seq. For comparison, we used side-by-side human NASH samples. Results Herein, we describe a “humanized” model of NASH using transplantation of human hepatocytes into fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase-deficient mice. Once fed a high-fat diet, these mice develop NAFLD faithfully, recapitulating human NASH at the histologic, cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels. Our RNA-Seq analyses uncovered that a variety of important signaling pathways that govern liver homeostasis are profoundly deregulated in both humanized and human NASH livers. Notably, we made the novel discovery that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) function is compromised in human and humanized NASH at several levels including a significant increase in the expression of the HGF antagonists known as NK1/NK2 and marked decrease in HGF activator. Based on these observations, we generated a potent, human-specific, and stable agonist of human MET that we have named META4 (Metaphor) and used it in the humanized NASH model to restore HGF function. Conclusions Our studies revealed that the humanized NASH model recapitulates human NASH and uncovered that HGF-MET function is impaired in this disease. We show that restoring HGF-MET function by META4 therapy ameliorates NASH and reinstates normal liver function in the humanized NASH model. Our results show that the HGF-MET signaling pathway is a dominant regulator of hepatic homeostasis., Graphical abstract

// Riming Liu 1, * , Shaolong Hao 2, * , Hua Zhang 3 , Jihong Ma 2 , Xincheng Liu 2 , Jie Xu 2 , Xin Liu 4 , Jinyao Ning 2 , Yan Sun 3 , Lixin Jiang 2 , Guojun Li 5, 6 , Xicheng Song 3 and Haitao Zheng 2 1 Department of Laboratory of Molecular Biology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China 2 Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China 3 Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China 4 Department of Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, Shandong Province, China 5 Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA 6 Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA * These authors contributed equally to this work and are considered co-first authors Correspondence to: Xicheng Song, email: songxicheng@126.com Haitao Zheng, email: zhenghaitao1972@126.com Keywords: papillary thyroid carcinoma, peripheral blood, TSHR mRNA, noninvasive detection Received: November 30, 2016 Accepted: May 14, 2017 Published: May 26, 2017 ABSTRACT To determine the extent to which thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR) mRNA in peripheral blood (PB) has diagnostic value for papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). We obtained pre- and postoperative PB samples from 104 thyroid disease patients and collected 11 healthy volunteers’ PB samples twice apiece at different times. We used reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to quantify TSHR mRNA expression levels in the samples. T-test and chi-square test were used to compare quantitative data and rates. The mean preoperative PB TSHR mRNA expression level of the PTC patients was significantly higher than that of the healthy volunteers. However, on the postoperative day 1, PB TSHR mRNA level of PTC patients significantly decreased but not for healthy controls. Preoperative PB TSHR mRNA expression levels were significantly associated with patient age, capsular invasion status, lymph node metastasis status, and BRAF V600E mutation status ( P < 0.05) but not gender, tumor size, number of cancer foci, or Hashimoto thyroiditis status. Preoperative assessment of the PB TSHR mRNA expression level combined with ultrasonography of the thyroid had better accuracy in the diagnosis of PTC than either method alone did. Moreover, TSHR mRNA expression significantly affected recurrence of PTC patients. Our findings suggest that PB TSHR mRNA expression level is a promising novel biomarker for the early detection, diagnosis, and treatment of PTC. It may serve as a noninvasive means of PTC detection and a prognostic biomarker of residual tumor and help guide further treatment.

Zero-energy topological oppy edge modes have been demonstrated in families of kagome lattices with geometries that differ from the regular case composed of equilateral triangles. In this work, we explore the behavior of these systems in the limit of continuum elasticity, which is established when the ideal hinges that appear in the idealized models are replaced by ligaments capable of supporting bending deformation, as observed in realistic physical lattices. Under these assumptions, the oppy edge modes are preserved but shifted to finite frequencies, where they spectrally overlap with the acoustic bulk modes. The net result is the establishment of a relatively broad low-frequency regime over which the lattices display strong asymmetric wave transport capabilities. By simply varying the thickness of the ligament of the unit cell, we can obtain a variety of lattices with different localization capabilities. Through theoretical analysis and finite element simulations, we parametrically explore the localization capabilities of different configurations, thus establishing a qualitative relation between the topological descriptors of the unit cell and the effective global transmission properties of the lattice. Using simple elasticity arguments, we provide a mechanistic rationale for the observed range of behaviors. Our study has implications for the design of mechanical filters, structural logic components, and acoustic metamaterials for wave manipulation at large.

Dictionary encoding, or domain encoding, is an important form of compression that uses a bijective mapping to replace attributes from a large domain (i.e. strings) with a finite domain (i.e. 32 bit integers). This encoding both reduces data storage and allows for more efficient query execution. Traditional dictionary encoding only supports efficient equality queries, while range queries require that encoded values are decoded for evaluating the predicates. An order preserving dictionary allows for range queries without decoding by ensuring that encoded keys follow the same order as the values in the dictionary. While this approach enables efficient queries it requires that the full set of values is known to create the mappings. In this work we bridge this gap by introducing mostly ordered dictionaries that use a best effort dictionary generation based on sampling the input dataset. Query evaluation on a mostly ordered dictionary avoids decoding when possible and gracefully degrades performance as the ratio of ordered values decreases.

Aims: To investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and all-cause mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to determine any sex-specific differences in ...

In this work, we investigate theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the existence of valley-Hall edge states in the in-plane dynamics of honeycomb lattices with bi-valued strut thickness. We exploit these states to achieve non-trivial waveguiding of optical modes that is immune to backscattering from sharp corners. We also present how different types of interfaces can be combined into multi-branch junctions to form complex waveguide paths and realize a variety of structural logic designs with unconventional wave transport capabilities. We illustrate this potential with two applications. The first is a direction-selective energy-splitting waveguide tree featuring a pronounced asymmetric wave transport behavior. The second is an internal waveguide loop along which the energy can be temporarily trapped and periodically released, effectively working as a signal delayer. The modal complexity of in-plane elasticity has important consequences on the regime of manifestation of the edge states, as the availability of viable total bandgaps is shifted to higher frequencies compared to the out-of-plane counterpart problem. It also poses additional experimental challenges, associated with proper acquisition and deciphering of the in-plane modes, the solution of which requires a systematic use of in-plane laser vibrometry.

Recent progress in topological mechanics have revealed a family of Maxwell lattices that exhibit topologically protected floppy edge modes. These modes lead to a strongly asymmetric elastic wave response. In this paper, we show how topological Maxwell lattices can be used to realize non-reciprocal transmission of elastic waves. Our design leverages the asymmetry associated with the availability of topological floppy edge modes and the geometric nonlinearity built in the mechanical systems response to achieve the desired non-reciprocal behavior, which can be further turned into strongly one-way phonon transport via the addition of on-site pinning potentials. Moreover, we show that the non-reciprocal wave transmission can be switched on and off via topological phase transitions, paving the way to the design of cellular metamaterials that can serve as tunable topologically protected phonon diodes., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures

In this work, we investigate experimentally the existence of in-plane valley Hall edge states in hexagonal lattices with relaxed space inversion symmetry and we exploit them to realize non-trivial backscattering-free interfaces. We propose special tessellations of lattice domains in which multiple non-trivial domain walls coalesce to form junctions, and we study how guided waves behave when they impinge on such junctions. We show that, through a proper selection of the interface types and orientations, it is possible to achieve junctions with different and exotic wave manipulation capabilities. Specifically, we discuss two applications. The first is a direction-selective splitter, which endows its host lattice with asymmetric wave transport characteristics. The second is a signal delayer that is realized by embedding in the lattice a non-trivial waveguide loop, along which the energy can be temporarily trapped and periodically released. These junctions can serve as building blocks for a new structural logic paradigm enabled by topological mechanics.

Although topological mechanical metamaterials have been extensively studied from a theoretical perspective, their experimental characterization has been lagging. To address this shortcoming, we present a systematic laser-assisted experimental characterization of topological kagome lattices, aimed at elucidating their in-plane phononic and topological characteristics. We specifically explore the continuum elasticity limit, which is established when the ideal hinges that appear in the theoretical models are replaced by ligaments capable of supporting bending deformation, as observed for instance in realistic physical lattices. We reveal how the zero-energy floppy edge modes predicted for ideal configurations morph into finite-frequency phonon modes that localize at the edges. By probing the lattices with carefully designed excitation signals, we are able to extract and characterize all the features of a complex low-frequency acoustic regime in which bulk modes and topological edge modes overlap and entangle in response. The experiments provide unequivocal evidence of the existence of strong asymmetric wave transport regimes at finite frequencies., Comment: 8 pages, 10 figures

The combination of high thermal conductivity and mechanical resilience makes carbon nanotubes and few-layer graphene interesting systems to investigate phonon scattering on the nonlinear structural buckling. This fundamental limit of heat transfer has not been so far detected, partly because of the extraordinary experimental difficulties encountered at this scale. Utilizing non-equilibrium molecular dynamics with classical inter-atomic potentials, we study thermal transport in severely bent single-wall carbon nanotube and bi-layer graphene structures. These bent structures were computed with atomistic-level calculations performed under objective boundary conditions, which allow imposing a pure bending moment. We show that at lengths much shorter than the mean free path, local buckling can significantly decrease the thermal conductivity. Our calculations provide guidance for the experimental lengths required to observe phonon-buckling scattering effect in these structures.

Traditional mobile ad hoc networks are assumed to be homogeneous networks that nodes have single radio interface. Nodes moving fast and randomly, so they usually suffer from frequent link failures and less communication opportunities. In order to improve the network performance, heterogeneous ad hoc networks with multiple radio interfaces are involved. There are many routing protocols for traditional ad hoc networks such as DSR, AODV and AOMDV but few work well in heterogeneous networks. In this paper, a multipath protocol based on AOMDV with node stability and link quality for networks where nodes have multiple radio-interfaces is proposed and the node stability by number of neighbors, neighbor similarity between adjacent time and received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is defined. The path quality is measured by the received signal strength indicator (RSSI). The protocol takes the neighbors' average node stability as a reference to select the most stable interface to broadcast RREQ and find at least one path between source and destination. At any time, the protocol always selects the path with the largest path quality value for transmission. By evaluating the delivery, delay and overhead performance on NS-2, the effectiveness of proposed protocol is validated in the end.

Nowadays, the data centric system has been playing an increasingly important role in blogs sharing, content delivery and news broadcasting, file-synchronization, and so on. Due to generated amount of data within the system, data backup and archiving has become a main challenging task. A main methods to solve the problem is Chunking based deduplication by eliminating redundant data and reducing the total storage space. In this paper, we summarized several ways of file-differing, and then designs a new Unlimited Content-Defined Chunking (UCDC) algorithm, which contains file-chunking, file-comparing and file-merging. We evaluate the effectiveness of the UCDC by simulation example that produces the description of file.