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As the depth of coal mining increases, rockbursts become more severe, and multiple rockburst accidents have previously occurred, seriously affecting coal mine production safety. With the Hegang mining area as the research object and using field measurement and numerical simulation as the research methods, the geological and tectonic characteristics of each impact mine in the Hegang mining area are analyzed to obtain the tectonic stress field distribution characteristics of each mine and the tectonic stress field distribution trend in the Hegang mining area. The maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress on the energy field in the overrun area of the retrieval working face is analyzed via numerical simulation, and the influence trend of the ground stress on the impact ground pressure is finally obtained. Results show that using the typical working face where rockburst occurs as the geological proto-type, the influence of the direction of the ground stress field, the maximum horizontal principal stress and the minimum horizontal principal stress on the energy field in the overrun area of the retrieval working face is analyzed via numerical simulation, and the influence trend of the ground stress on the impact ground pressure is finally obtained. When the angle is 70°~90°, an energy peak in the overrun area of the working face reaches its maximum. The ratio of the minimum horizontal stress to the vertical stress is positively correlated with the energy concentration in the overrun area of the working face, but its change has a minimal effect on the energy distribution in the overrun area of the working face. When this ratio is increased from 0.6 to 1.4, the peak energy of the simulated working face only increases by 8.22%, and the energy concentration area remains basically unchanged.

Whey protein isolate (WPI) fibrils were prepared using an acid hydrolysis induction process. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nano-onions (CNOs) were made via the catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of methane. WPI fibril&ndash, CNTs and WPI fibril&ndash, CNOs were prepared via hydrothermal synthesis at 80 &deg, C. The composites were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and TG analyses. The interplay between WPI fibrils and CNTs and CNOs were studied. The WPI fibrils with CNTs and CNOs formed uniform gels and films. CNTs and CNOs were highly dispersed in the gels. Hydrogels of WPI fibrils with CNTs (or CNOs) could be new materials with applications in medicine or other fields. The CNTs and CNOs shortened the WPI fibrils, which might have important research value for curing fibrosis diseases such as Parkinson&rsquo, s and Alzheimer&rsquo, s diseases. The FTIR revealed that CNTs and CNOs both had interactions with WPI fibrils. The XRD analysis suggested that most of the CNTs were wrapped in WPI fibrils, while CNOs were partially wrapped. This helped to increase the biocompatibility and reduce the cytotoxicity of CNTs and CNOs. HR-TEM and Raman spectroscopy studies showed that the graphitization level of CNTs was higher than for CNOs. After hybridization with WPI fibrils, more defects were created in CNTs, but some original defects were dismissed in CNOs. The TG results indicated that a new phase of WPI fibril&ndash, CNTs or CNOs was formed.

In order to research on the law of methane released through the pore in coal particles, the methane desorption experiments were conducted, respectively, on four types of particle size of coal samples under three different initial adsorption pressures. The cumulative methane desorption quantity (CMDQ) with time increasing was obtained to show that the reciprocal of CMDQ was in linear relation with the reciprocal of the square root of time, and the correlation coefficients were all above 0.99, on basis of which an empirical formula of CMDQ was established. Then, according to Fick diffusion law and Darcy percolation law, the mathematical models of methane emission from the spherical coal particles were created, respectively, and the corresponding calculating software was programmed by the finite difference method to obtain the simulated CMDQ of each sample under different conditions. The methane emission rate functions (MERF) of the simulation and the experiment were also calculated, respectively. Comparative analysis between the numerically simulated outcomes and the assay results reveals that the simulation outcomes as per Darcy’s law match the experimental data better, while the simulated results by Fick’s law deviate greatly, which indicates that the methane flowing through coal particles is more in accordance with Darcy’s law.

In this study, the characteristics of geological structure at Qingshui coal mine were analyzed. And the hollow inclusion strain cell overcoring method was used to obtain the in situ stress. The effect of in situ stress on the stability of soft rock roadway was analyzed. The results show that the maximum principal stress is in the horizontal direction with a northeast orientation and has a value of about 1.2–1.9 times larger than gravity; the right side of roadway roof and floor is easily subject to serious deformation and failure, and the in situ stress is found to be a major factor. This paper presents important information for developing countermeasures against the large deformation of the soft rock roadway at Qingshui coal mine. Keywords: Soft rock, In situ stress, Overcoring method, Roadway stability

Engineering geomechanics characteristics of roadways in deep soft rock at Hegang Xing’an Coal Mine were studied and the nature of clay minerals of roadway surrounding rock was analyzed. This paper is to solve the technical problems of high stress and the difficulty in supporting the coal mine, and provide a rule for the support design. Results show that mechanical deformation mechanisms of deep soft rock roadway at Xing’an Coal Mine is of IABIIABCIIIABCD type, consisting of molecular water absorption (the IAB-type), the tectonic stress type + gravity deformation type + hydraulic type (the IIABC-type), and the IIIABCD-type with fault, weak intercalation and bedding formation. According to the compound mechanical deformation mechanisms, the corresponding mechanical control measures and conversion technologies were proposed, and these technologies have been successfully applied in roadway supporting practice in deep soft rock at Xing’an Coal Mine with good effect. Xing’an Coal Mine has the deepest burial depth in China, with its overburden ranging from Mesozoic Jurassic coal-forming to now. The results of the research can be used as guidance in the design of roadway support in soft rock. Keywords: Deep, Clay mineral, Engineering soft rock type, Deformation mechanics mechanism

Puhe Coal Mine is a typical Tertiary coal in Shenbei mining area. With an increase in mining depth, tectonic stress field becomes more complex, leading to increased deformation and failure of the soft rock roadway. Stress becomes an important factor of mine safety and stability. This paper analyzes the distribution of the regional tectonic field, and determines the distribution of situ stress measurement through measuring the ground stress field in the main mining area level of Puhe Coal Mine using stress relief method. The acquired in situ stress data at different locations and depths provide a reference for the rational arrangement of the stop and mine roadway supporting design, which are of great significance for the efficient safety production of the mine. Keywords: Coal mine, Tertiary, Soft rock, Stress, Distribution rule

Floor heave of a roadway is a dynamic phenomenon that often happens in the roadways of coal mines. It seriously affects safe production in the coal mine. Floor heave has long been one of the most difficult problems to be resolved during coal mining. An analysis of floor heave in the soft rock surrounding the roadway, and the factors influencing it, allowed the deformation mechanism in the west wing double track haulage roadway of the Tingnan Coal Mine to be deduced. Three types of floor heave are observed there: intumescent floor heave, extrusion and mobility floor heave, and compound floor heave. Control measures are proposed that have been adopted during a recent repair engineering project. Control of the floor heave in the west wing track haulage roadway was demonstrated. The reliability and rationality of a combined support technology including floor anchors, an inverted arch, and anchoring of both sides was verified by mine pressure data and the field observations. Waterproofing measures were also undertaken to assist in the control of floor heave. Keywords: Roadway floor heave, Engineering soft rock, Control measures