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Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) can be biomarkers for diagnosis and progression of several pathophysiological conditions. In a cohort undergoing total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) from the multicenter Prospective Observational Study of TPIAT (POST), we investigated associations between a panel of circulating miRNAs (hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-216a-5p, hsa-miR-320d, hsa-miR-200c, hsa-miR-125b, hsa-miR-7-5p, hsa-miR-221-3p, hsa-miR-122-5p) and patient, disease and islet-isolation characteristics. Plasma samples ( n = 139) were collected before TPIAT and miRNA levels were measured by RTPCR. Disease duration, prior surgery, and pre-surgical diabetes were not associated with circulating miRNAs. Levels of hsa-miR-29b-3p ( P = 0.03), hsa-miR-148a-3p ( P = 0.04) and hsa-miR-221-3p ( P = 0.01) were lower in those with genetic risk factors. Levels of hsa-miR-148a-3p ( P = 0.04) and hsa-miR-7-5p ( P = 0.04) were elevated in toxic/metabolic disease. Participants with exocrine insufficiency had lower hsa-miR-29b-3p, hsa-miR-148a-3p, hsa-miR-320d, hsa-miR-221-3p ( P < 0.01) and hsa-miR-375, hsa-miR-200c-3p, and hsa-miR-125b-5p ( P < 0.05). Four miRNAs were associated with fasting C-peptide before TPIAT (hsa-miR-29b-3p, r = 0.18; hsa-miR-148a-3p, r = 0.21; hsa-miR-320d, r = 0.19; and hsa-miR-221-3p, r = 0.21; all P < 0.05), while hsa-miR-29b-3p was inversely associated with post-isolation islet equivalents/kg and islet number/kg ( r = −0.20, P = 0.02). Also, hsa-miR-200c ( r = 0.18, P = 0.03) and hsa-miR-221-3p ( r = 0.19, P = 0.03) were associated with islet graft tissue volume. Further investigation is needed to determine the predictive potential of these miRNAs for assessing islet autotransplant outcomes.

Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-cll-10.1177_0963689721999330 for Circulating miRNA in Patients Undergoing Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation by Srividya Vasu, Jiemin M. Yang, James Hodges, Maisam A. Abu-El-Haija, David B. Adams, Appakalai N. Balamurugan, Greg J. Beilman, Srinath Chinnakotla, Darwin L. Conwell, Martin L. Freeman, Timothy B. Gardner, Betul Hatipoglu, Varvara Kirchner, Luis F. Lara, Katherine A. Morgan, Jaimie D. Nathan, Andrew Posselt, Timothy L. Pruett, Sarah J. Schwarzenberg, Vikesh K. Singh, Martin Wijkstrom, Piotr Witkowski, Bashoo Naziruddin and Melena D. Bellin in Cell Transplantation