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Abstract Objective Clinical studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of arthrocentesis in managing temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs). However, there is a lack of consensus among these studies regarding the selection of injectables. Furthermore, an increasing number of drugs have been tested for TMDs in recent years, complicating the decision-making process for clinicians. This study conducted a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the clinical efficacy of different arthrocentesis treatment regimens. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science to gather articles on RCTs pertaining to the management of TMDs using arthrocentesis. This search spanned from inception of these databases up to July 29, 2024. We then performed a network meta-analysis using Stata 17.0 software. The outcome indicators used were VAS scores and changes in unassisted maximum opening. To determine the efficacy of each regimen, we employed surface-under the cumulative ranking curve (SUCRA) ranking. Result Forty RCTs were included, encompassing 1904 temporomandibular joints (TMJs) cases. Treatment options encompass platelet-rich plasma (PRP), hyaluronic acid (HA), corticosteroids (CS), bone marrow concentrate (BMAC), injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF), concentrated growth factor (CGF), Tenoxicam (TX), microfragmented adipose tissue (FAT), and their combination regimens. The SUCRA ranking revealed that the most effective treatment options at 1-, 3-, and 6-months post-arthrocentesis were HA + PRP, i-PRF, and BMAC, respectively. Conclusion HA + PRP, i-PRF and BMAC may represent the optimal arthrocentesis agents for the management of TMDs symptoms and restoration of TMJ function in the short, medium, and long term, respectively. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/ , identifier CRD42024563975.

A compact and highly sensitive liquid refractive index (RI) sensor using Vernier effect achieved with embedded double-ring resonator is proposed and demonstrated. Unlike these conventional sensors using cascaded double-ring resonators to achieve Vernier effect, in our proposed embedded double-ring sensor (EDRS) the sensing ring is embedded on the reference ring, which makes the sensor more compact while achieving high sensitivity. Our typical fabricated EDRS with polymer material, which has a footprint of 1500 μm × 850 μm, achieves the RI sensitivity as high as 7390 nm/RIU in aqueous medium, which is in excellent agreement with the theoretical one.

Conjugated polymers with excellent optoelectronic properties, easy processability, and flexible physical properties are versatile in various applications. In recent years, the precise synthesis of conjugated polymers has attracted much attention due to the close relationship between structure and property. From the perspective of the polymerization mechanism, the synthetic methods of conjugated polymers can be classified into step-growth polymerization, chain-growth polymerization, and iterative synthesis. From step-growth polymerization to iterative synthesis, polymer synthesis becomes more controllable. In this review, we introduce these three synthetic approaches to prepare conjugated polymers with controllable structures based on transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions and further reveal the control over chemical structures, including length, regioregularity, sequence, and topology. The precise control over the synthesis of conjugated polymer is of great significance for the synthesis of functional polymer with a specific structure, which paves a way for fabricating high-performance devices.

Non-line-of-sight (NLOS) error is the main factor that reduces indoor positioning accuracy. Identifying NLOS signals and eliminating NLOS errors are the keys to improving indoor positioning accuracy. To better identify NLOS signals, a multi-stream model channel-impulse-response-neural-network (CIRNN) was proposed. The inputs of CIRNN include the channel impulse response (CIR) and a small number of channel parameters. To make a more obvious comparison between NLOS signals and line-of-sight (LOS) signals, a new energy normalization method is proposed. Fusing multi-dimensional features, the CIRNN network has a good convergence performance and shows stronger sensitivity to NLOS signals. Experimental results show that the CIRNN achieves the best accuracy on the open-source data set, the F1 score is 89.3%. At the same time, the working efficiency of CIRNN meets industry needs, CIRNN can refresh the target position at about 92.6 Hz per second.

We propose a spot-size converter (SSC) by exploiting the high-efficiency mode conversion capability that a long-period grating (LPG) possesses. Our proof-of-concept LPG-based SSC, fabricated with optical polymer material on silicon nitride (Si3N4) platform, has a length of ∼700 μm, can improve the coupling efficiency between the LPx01 mode of an ultra-high numerical aperture fiber and the Ex11 mode of the Si3N4 waveguide from ∼24% to ∼33% at 1548 nm wavelength, corresponding to 1.4-dB reduction in insertion loss. Therein, the LPG achieves a maximum mode conversion efficiency of 90% between the two Ex11 modes of the polymer cladding and the Si3N4 core. Our proposed SSC provides a new path to achieve low-loss fiber-to-chip coupling.

Abstract Background Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been considered as pivotal biomarkers in Diabetic nephropathy (DN). CircRNA ARP2 actin-related protein 2 homolog (circ-ACTR2) could promote the HG-induced cell injury in DN. However, how circ-ACTR2 acts in DN is still unclear. This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of circ-ACTR2 in DN progression, intending to provide support for the diagnostic and therapeutic potentials of circ-ACTR2 in DN. Methods RNA expression analysis was conducted by the quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Cell growth was measured via Cell Counting Kit-8 and EdU assays. Inflammatory response was assessed by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The protein detection was performed via western blot. Oxidative stress was evaluated by the commercial kits. The molecular interaction was affirmed through dual-luciferase reporter and RNA immunoprecipitation assays. Results Circ-ACTR2 level was upregulated in DN samples and high glucose (HG)-treated human renal mesangial cells (HRMCs). Silencing the circ-ACTR2 expression partly abolished the HG-induced cell proliferation, inflammation and extracellular matrix accumulation and oxidative stress in HRMCs. Circ-ACTR2 was confirmed as a sponge for miR-205-5p. Circ-ACTR2 regulated the effects of HG on HRMCs by targeting miR-205-5p. MiR-205-5p directly targeted high-mobility group AT-hook 2 (HMGA2), and HMGA2 downregulation also protected against cell injury in HG-treated HRMCs. HG-mediated cell dysfunction was repressed by miR-205-5p/HMGA2 axis. Moreover, circ-ACTR2 increased the expression of HMGA2 through the sponge effect on miR-205-5p in HG-treated HRMCs. Conclusion All data have manifested that circ-ACTR2 contributed to the HG-induced DN progression in HRMCs by the mediation of miR-205-5p/HMGA2 axis.

We propose and demonstrate a cost-effective liquid refractive index (RI) sensor in polymer materials by employing a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) formed with the conventional strip waveguide. The proposed sensor can attain high sensitivity by choosing a suitable reference arm length to reduce optical path difference (OPD) between the two arms of the employed MZI. Our fabricated devices, which have the same sensing arm length of 7900 μm but different reference arm lengths of 7900.0, 7942.5, 7950.9, 7962.2, and 7969.5 μm, respectively, exhibit the maximum RI sensitivities of 33662.8 nm/RIU, and almost the same detection range (DR) of 0.0041 ± 0.0002 RIU.

We propose a long-period grating assisted directional coupler in lithium niobate (LN) for the realization of electro-optic tunable mode filtering functionality. Our typical device, fabricated with the annealed proton-exchange process and designed for filtering out the fundamental mode in a two-mode LN waveguide, achieves a maximum mode extinction ratio of 29 dB at 1551.7 nm wavelength and a –20 dB bandwidth of ∼2.5 nm with an electrical wavelength tuning sensitivity of 0.182 nm/V.

Abstract Background The objective was to determine whether OSA patients have a low serum vitamin D level by systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods This study searched the following electronic bibliographic databases: Embase, Medline, Web of Science, PubMed, VIP, Wanfang, CNKI and SinoMed. All data were searched between January 2000 and August 2020. The quality of the included studies was estimated by two researchers according to the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale and Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. All qualified studies and statistical analyses were conducted using RevMan 5.2. Results Twenty-nine eligible studies compromising 6717 participants met the inclusion criteria of the meta-analysis. The results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in OSA patients than the controls. According to the severity of the disease, subgroup analysis was performed; the results demonstrated that the serum 25(OH)D level was not decreased in mild OSA patients compared with the controls, while the serum 25(OH)D level in moderate and severe OSA patients was lower than that in the controls. Furthermore, based on ethnicity, BMI, PSG type, study quality and latitude, the subjects were divided into different subgroups for meta-analysis. The results revealed that the serum 25(OH)D level in all OSA subgroups was decreased compared with that in the control group. Conclusions The present meta-analysis shows that the serum vitamin D level was different between OSA patients and healthy people. OSA patients could have a low serum vitamin D level.

Abstract Background To examine the differences between pregnant women who underwent embryo transfer (ET) and those who conceived naturally, as well as differences in their respective babies, and to determine the causes for these differences, to provide recommendations for women who are planning to undergo ET. Methods A retrospective cohort study was performed of women who had received ET and those who had natural conception (NC) who received medical services during pregnancy and had their babies delivered at the Shunde Women and Children’s Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, China between January 2016 and December 2018. In line with the requirements of the ethics committee, before the formal investigation, we first explained the content of the informed consent of the patient to the patient, and all the subjects included agreed to the content of the informed consent of the patient. Respondents agreed to visit and analyze their medical records under reasonable conditions. Each case in an ET group of 321 women was randomly matched with three cases of NC (963 cases) who delivered on the same day. The demographic information, past history, pregnancy and delivery history, and maternal and neonatal outcomes of the two groups were compared using univariate analysis. Results Age, duration of hospitalization, number of pregnancies, number of miscarriages, induced abortion, ectopic pregnancy, gestational diabetes mellitus, preeclampsia, gestational anemia, pregnancy risk, mode of fetal delivery, and number of births were significantly different between the two groups (all P 0.05). The percentages for low birth weight and premature birth were significantly higher in the ET group than in the NC group. In contrast, infant gender and prevalence of fetal macrosomia, fetal anomaly, neonatal asphyxia, and extremely low birth weight were not significantly different between the two groups (all P > 0.05). Conclusions The clinical outcomes of mothers and the birth status of infants were better in the NC group than in the ET group. Maternal health must be closely monitored and improved in the ET group to reduce the incidence of gestational comorbidity and enhance the quality of fetal life.

The Spitzenkörper (SPK) is a polarized accumulation of proteins and secretory vesicles associated with tip growth of fungal hyphae. Here, Zheng et al. study SPK assembly and dynamics, identify SPK protein scaffolds and associated proteins, and reveal similarities with other scaffolds from metazoans.

Objective: Initial randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and recently released systematic reviews have identified resistance training (RT) as a modality to manage motor symptoms and improve physical functioning in individuals with Parkinson's disease (PD), although the effects are inconsistent. Therefore, we conducted an updated meta-analysis to reassess the evidence of the relationship.Methods: We performed a systematic search of studies reporting the effects of RT in PD available through major electronic databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Ovid, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang) through 20 July 2020. Eligible RCTs were screened based on established inclusion criteria. We extracted data on the indicators of leg strength, balance, gait capacity, and quality of life (QoL) of lower limbs. Random and fixed effects models were used for the analysis of standard mean differences (SMD) or mean differences (MD) with their 95% confidence intervals (CI).Results: Thirty-one papers from 25 independent trials compromising 1,239 subjects were selected for eligibility in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Summarized data indicated that the leg strength increased statistically significant in PD patients (SMD = 0.79, 95% CI 0.3, 1.27, P = 0.001), the balance capability was improved statistically significant in PD patients (SMD = 0.34, 95% CI 0.01, 0.66, P = 0.04), and QoL statistically significantly improved (MD = −7.22, 95% CI −12.05, −2.39, P = 0.003). For gait performance, four indicators were measured, the results as follows: fast gait velocity (MD = 0.14, 95% CI 0.06, 0.23, P = 0.001), Timed-up-and-go-test (TUG, MD = −1.17, 95% CI −2.27, −0.08, P = 0.04) and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q, MD = −1.74, 95% CI −3.18, −0.3, P = 0.02) were improved statistically significant across trials, while there were no statistically significant improvement in stride length (MD = −0.05, 95% CI −0.12, 0.02, P = 0.15) in PD patients.Conclusions: Lower limb RT has positive effects during rehabilitation in individuals with PD in leg strength, QoL, and improve gait performance to a certain extent. RT also could improve balance capacity of patients, although a wide variety of tools were used, and further study is needed to confirm these findings.

This study was conducted to analyze the effects of sodium nitrite, nisin, potassium sorbate, and sodium lactate against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) growth and staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) production in cooked pork sausage by inoculating sausage samples containing preservative with an S. aureus strain producing staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) and then storing them at 37 °C for 36 h. Samples were analyzed every 3 h to count the S. aureus colonies and to detect SEA. The modified Gompertz model was used to describe S. aureus growth in the samples under various conditions, and the preservatives with a significant antimicrobial effect were selected. In addition, the antimicrobial effects of the selected preservatives under various concentrations were tested. Results showed that sodium nitrite, nisin, and potassium sorbate had a weak effect against S. aureus growth and had no effect against SEA production, whereas sodium lactate could significantly inhibit S. aureus growth and SEA production. Moreover, the antimicrobial effect of sodium lactate was concentration-dependent, wherein sodium lactate concentration

The fungal Ascomycota provide a model phylum to investigate the evolution of complex multicellularity. Here, the authors combine genome sequencing with comparative and functional genomics to identify diverse endomembrane related machineries associated with the gain and loss of fungal complexity.

We propose a horizontal directional coupler formed with two parallel waveguides of different heights. By breaking the symmetry in both the horizontal and the vertical direction, this directional coupler can be designed to allow us coupling between any two spatial modes of a few-mode waveguide, regardless of their symmetry properties, whereas a conventional directional coupler formed with planar waveguides of equal heights only allows us coupling between two spatial modes of the same symmetry in the vertical direction. As an example, we design and fabricate such a directional coupler with polymer material for the (de)multiplexing of the LP01 and the LP11b mode, which have a symmetric and an antisymmetric field distribution in the vertical direction, respectively. Our typical fabricated device shows a coupling ratio higher than 95% in the wavelength range from 1530 to 1560 nm. The insertion losses for the LP01 and LP11b modes are 9.6 and 12.8 dB, respectively. The performance of the device is weakly sensitive to temperature variations. The proposed directional coupler is easy to fabricate and can be used as a basic structure for the implementation of mode-controlling devices for mode-division-multiplexing applications.

Chronological cues are ubiquitous in retail settings, whether they come in the form of production, release, on-shelf, or purchase dates, etc. Yet, they remain relatively underexplored in the marketing literature. Could newness that arises from these chronological cues lead consumers to prefer options merely because they are newer, above and beyond any substantive benefits conferred or implied by that newness? We propose and find in a series of eight preregistered studies (n= 2,216) that consumers exhibit mere newness preference across many product domains—preferring chronologically newer options over older options with no substantive benefits to newness. We provide evidence that overgeneralization is one important driver of mere newness preference: Most consumers hold positive (negative) associations with chronological newness (oldness) in an implicit association test, and mere newness preference is reduced in domains in which the opposite association exists. Consequently, consumers are willing to pay a newness premium even for mere newness.

Grain weight and grain shape are important traits that determine rice grain yield and quality. Mining more quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control grain weight and shape will help to further improve the molecular regulatory network of rice grain development and provide gene resources for high-yield and high-quality rice varieties. In the present study, a QTL for grain length (GL) and grain width (GW), qGL5.2, was firstly fine-mapped into a 21.4 kb region using two sets of near-isogenic lines (NILs) derived from the indica rice cross Teqing (TQ) and IRBB52. In the NIL populations, the GL and ratio of grain length to grain width (RLW) of the IRBB52 homozygous lines increased by 0.16–0.20% and 0.27–0.39% compared with the TQ homozygous lines, but GW decreased by 0.19–0.75%. Then, by analyzing the grain weight and grain shape of the knock-out mutant, it was determined that the annotation gene Os05g0551000 encoded a RING-type E3 ubiquitin ligase, which was the cause gene of qGL5.2. The results show that GL and RLW increased by 2.44–5.48% and 4.19–10.70%, but GW decreased by 1.69–4.70% compared with the recipient. Based on the parental sequence analysis and haplotype analysis, one InDel variation located at −1489 in the promoter region was likely to be the functional site of qGL5.2. In addition, we also found that the Hap 5 (IRBB52-type) increased significantly in grain length and grain weight compared with other haplotypes, indicating that the Hap 5 can potentially be used in rice breeding to improve grain yield and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]