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Cellulose is a widely available organic substance that forms membranes with excellent hydrophilicity and biocompatibility. However, it is prone to biological contamination because its surface is conducive towards the accumulation of biologically active substances, which has hindered its application potential. In this work, an antimicrobial cellulose-based membrane (Ag/UiO-66-NH2@BCM) with high water flux, high retention rate, and good hydrophilicity was prepared. At an optimal blend ratio of 1 wt% Ag/UiO-66-NH2, the membrane exhibited significant improvements, including a 31% increase in pure water flux, a Bovine Serum Albumin retention rate of 99.6%, and a water flux recovery of 97.4%. Crucially, the membrane demonstrated potent antibacterial, showcasing its broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties. Investigations into the ability of Ag/UiO-66-NH2@BCM to remove Pb2+, Cd2+, and Cr6+ ions from a water column revealed that the maximum adsorption capacity of the monolayer was 405, 390, and 328 mg/g, respectively. The composite membrane demonstrated broad-spectrum and highly effective antimicrobial properties, along with efficient removal of heavy metal ions. The proposed method can be utilized to prepare other composite membranes for water treatment and other fields of membrane separation technology.

Abstract Background This study aimed to observe corneal and retinal thicknesses at 5 years after femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FS-LASIK) and small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) for myopia, investigate the effect of epithelial remodeling on refractive status and visual quality, and compare retinal thicknesses among fundus tessellation grades. Methods Patients who received FS-LASIK or SMILE 5 years before were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. After 1:1 propensity score matching, each surgical group obtained 177 patients (177 eyes). Examinations including visual acuity, refraction, corneal and retinal thicknesses, corneal higher-order aberrations (HOAs), and fundus photography were performed in this visit at 5 years after surgery. The Quality of Vision (QoV) questionnaire was used to assess visual symptoms and overall satisfaction. Corneal and retinal thicknesses between groups were compared, contributing factors were analyzed, and correlations with postoperative refractive status, HOAs, QoV scores and overall satisfaction were evaluated. Results The discrepancy of epithelial thickness between central and pericentral zones in FS-LASIK group was larger than that in SMILE group, which was negatively correlated with postoperative spherical equivalent (SE), positively correlated with spherical aberration (all P 0.05) in both surgical groups. There was no statistical difference in stromal thickness and total corneal thickness (all P > 0.05). Most annuluses of epithelial and stromal thicknesse were linearly related to preoperative SE (all P 0.05). Conclusion The tendency that epithelial thickness in central zone was thicker than peripheral zone was more obvious at 5 years after FS-LASIK compared to SMILE. This uneven distribution of epithelial thickness might play a role in myopic regression and the changes in HOAs, especially in patients with high myopia, but it had little effect on patients’ subjective visual quality and satisfaction. Retinal thicknesses were not affected by these two surgical methods, and they did not appear to be the clinical indicators for myopic regression or fundus tessellation progression.

Abstract Background Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and development. Maize (Zea mays) is a widely planted crops in the world and requires a huge amount of K fertilizer. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are closely related to the K uptake of maize. Genetic improvement of maize K utilization efficiency will require elucidating the molecular mechanisms of maize K uptake through the mycorrhizal pathway. Here, we employed transcriptome and gene family analysis to elucidate the mechanism influencing the K uptake and utilization efficiency of mycorrhizal maize. Methods and results The transcriptomes of maize were studied with and without AMF inoculation and under different K conditions. AM symbiosis increased the K concentration and dry weight of maize plants. RNA sequencing revealed that genes associated with the activity of the apoplast and nutrient reservoir were significantly enriched in mycorrhizal roots under low-K conditions but not under high-K conditions. Weighted gene correlation network analysis revealed that three modules were strongly correlated with K content. Twenty-one hub genes enriched in pathways associated with glycerophospholipid metabolism, glycerolipid metabolism, starch and sucrose metabolism, and anthocyanin biosynthesis were further identified. In general, these hub genes were upregulated in AMF-colonized roots under low-K conditions. Additionally, the members of 14 gene families associated with K obtain were identified (ARF: 38, ILK: 4, RBOH: 12, RUPO: 20, MAPKK: 89, CBL: 14, CIPK: 44, CPK: 40, PIN: 10, MYB: 174, NPF: 79, KT: 19, HAK/HKT/KUP: 38, and CPA: 8) from maize. The transcript levels of these genes showed that 92 genes (ARF:6, CBL:5, CIPK:13, CPK:2, HAK/HKT/KUP:7, PIN:2, MYB:26, NPF:16, RBOH:1, MAPKK:12 and RUPO:2) were upregulated with AM symbiosis under low-K conditions. Conclusions This study indicated that AMF increase the resistance of maize to low-K stress by regulating K uptake at the gene transcription level. Our findings provide a genome-level resource for the functional assignment of genes regulated by K treatment and AM symbiosis in K uptake-related gene families in maize. This may contribute to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of maize response to low K stress with AMF inoculation, and provided a theoretical basis for AMF application in the crop field.

This is an article in the field of mining engineering. Aiming at problems of high cost and high comminution rate in the iron enriched sludge pelletizing process, a new kind of low cost binder was developed. In this paper, the effects of water content, pressure and drying temperature on the falling strength and comminution rate of the pellets were studied. The results show that when the binder ratio is 1.5%, the falling strength of the raw pellets is more than 5 times/m, the falling strength of dried ball is more than 28 times/2 m, the comminution rate is less than 2%, which meets the requirements of production. At the same time， the binder cost of per ton pellet is reduced by 35% compared with the previous binder.

Abstract The changes and influencing factors of soil inorganic carbon (SIC) and organic carbon (SOC) on precipitation gradients are crucial for predicting and evaluating carbon storage changes at the regional scale. However, people’s understanding of the distribution characteristics of SOC and SIC reserves on regional precipitation gradients is insufficient, and the main environmental variables that affect SOC and SIC changes are also not well understood. Therefore, this study focuses on the Alxa region and selects five regions covered by three typical desert vegetation types, Zygophyllum xanthoxylon (ZX), Nitraria tangutorum (NT), and Reaumuria songarica (RS), along the climate transect where precipitation gradually increases. The study analyzes and discusses the variation characteristics of SOC and SIC under different vegetation and precipitation conditions. The results indicate that both SOC and SIC increase with the increase of precipitation, and the increase in SOC is greater with the increase of precipitation. The average SOC content in the 0–300cm profile is NT (4.13 g kg−1) > RS (3.61 g kg−1) > ZX (3.57 g kg−1); The average value of SIC content is: RS (5.78 g kg−1) > NT (5.11 g kg−1) > ZX (5.02 g kg−1). Overall, the multi-annual average precipitation (MAP) in the Alxa region is the most important environmental factor affecting SIC and SOC.

ABSTRACT: Objectives: The blaNDM gene was prevalent among children and became the predominant cause of severe infection in infants and children. This study aimed to investigate the epidemiology and molecular characteristics of blaNDM in Enterobacteriaceae among children in China. Methods: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) were collected in the Children's Hospital of Fudan University from January 2016 to December 2022. Five carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaVIM, blaIMP, blaOXA-48) were screened by PCR method. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) was conducted for phylogenetic analyses. blaNDM-carrying plasmids were typed by PCR-based Incompatibility (Inc) typing method. Moreover, plasmid comparison was performed with 213 publicly available IncX3 plasmids. Results: A total of 330 CRE strains were enrolled, 96.4% of which carried carbapenemase genes. blaNDM gene accounted for 64.8% (214 strains) and included four variants, including blaNDM-1 (59.8%), blaNDM-5 (39.3%), blaNDM-7 (0.5%), and blaNDM-9 (0.5%). There were no predominant MLST lineages of blaNDM carrying strains. IncX3 was the major plasmid carrying blaNDM-1 (68.0%) and blaNDM-5 (72.6%) and was dominant in blaNDM-Klebsiella penumoniae (79.8%), blaNDM-Escherichia coli (58.2%), and blaNDM-Enterobacter cloacae (61.0%), respectively. Most (79.0%) clinical IncX3 plasmids in the world carried blaNDM, and the prevalence of blaNDM in IncX3 plasmids was more common in China (95.8%) than other countries (58.1%, P

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a severe impairment of the central nervous system, leading to motor, sensory, and autonomic dysfunction. The present study investigates the efficacy of the polyethylene glycol (PEG)-mediated spinal cord fusion (SCF) techniques, demonstrating efficacious in various animal models with complete spinal cord transection at the T10 level. This research focuses on a comparative analysis of three SCF treatment models in beagles: spinal cord transection (SCT), vascular pedicle hemisected spinal cord transplantation (vSCT), and vascularized allograft spinal cord transplantation (vASCT) surgical model. Methods: Seven female beagles were included in the SCT surgical model, while four female dogs were enrolled in the vSCT surgical model. Additionally, twelve female dogs underwent vASCT in a paired donor-recipient setup. Three surgical model were evaluated and compared through electrophysiology, imaging and behavioral recovery. Results: The results showed a progressive recovery in the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models, with no statistically significant differences observed in cBBB scores at both 2-month and 6-month post-operation (both P>0.05). Neuroimaging analysis across the SCT, vSCT and vASCT surgical models revealed spinal cord graft survival and fiber regrowth across transection sites at 6 months postoperatively. Also, positive MEP waveforms were recorded in all three surgical models at 6-month post-surgery. Conclusion: The study underscores the clinical relevance of PEG-mediated SCF techniques in promoting nerve fusion, repair, and motor functional recovery in SCI. SCT, vSCT, and vASCT, tailored to specific clinical characteristics, demonstrated similar effective therapeutic outcomes.

ObjectiveTo develop a guideline for selecting biomarkers in the diagnosis and assessment in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA).MethodA joint effort was carried out by the core team, the literature review team and the multidisciplinary voting panel to formulate recommendations regarding biomarkers in axSpA, using an evidence-based and consensus-based strategy. Certainty of evidence and strength of recommendation were determined, and levels of agreement within the voting panel were calculated.ResultsA total of 20 recommendations were formulated in this guideline, with levels of agreement ranging from 6.48 to 9.71. The two strong recommendations, HLA-B27 testing in patients suspected of axSpA and regular-interval monitoring of CRP/ESR represent the status quo of axSpA evaluation, while the 13 conditional recommendations represent the promising biomarkers with clinical utility in diagnosis, disease activity assessment, prediction of radiographic progression and therapeutic responses. This guideline does not dictate clinical choices of tests on axSpA, and decisions should be made based on comprehensive consideration of costs, accessibility, patients’ values and willingness as well as the objective of testing in the local context.ConclusionThis guideline addresses the interpretation of the clinical significance of biomarkers in axSpA, and the biomarkers endorsed in this guideline composed a clinical toolkit for healthcare professionals to choose from.

PurposeTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenmai injection for the treatment of viral myocarditis (VMS) through systematic evaluation and meta-analysis.MethodsSeven databases were searched to identify randomized controlled trials that examined the use of Shenmai injection for the treatment of VMS. The databases were searched from inception to 20 January 2024. The quality of the included studies was evaluated via the Cochrane risk of bias tool (RoB 2) version 2. Data analysis was performed using Review Manager 5.4 and Stata 16.ResultsIn total, 18 randomized controlled trials were included. The trials were conducted in 2006–2024 and included 1,661 patients with VMS. The results reveal that Shenmai injection combined with conventional treatment was superior to conventional treatment alone in terms of the following outcomes: total effective rate [RR = 1.22, 95% CI (1.16, 1.28)], CKMB [SMD = −3.33, 95% CI (−4.85, −1.81)], electrocardiogram (ECG) efficacy [RR = 1.30, 95% CI (1.20, 1.40)], AST [SMD = -0.70, 95% CI (−1.28, −0.11)], LDH [SMD = −1.17, 95% CI (−1.37, −0.97], p < 0.00001], CK [SMD = −1.74, 95% CI (−2.34, −1.13)], TNF-α [SMD = −1.35, 95% CI (−1.85, −0.84)], and IL-6 [SMD = −1.40, 95% CI (−1.76, −1.05)]. There were no significant differences in the incidence of adverse reactions [RR = 1.56, 95% CI (0.73, 3.33), p = 0.25] or cTnI levels [SMD = −3.35, 95% CI (−6.81, 0.11)] between the groups.ConclusionShenmai injection with conventional treatment can reduce the degree of myocardial injury in patients with VMS, weaken the inflammatory response and improve the clinical efficacy of the conventional treatment. This approach was found to be safe. However, additional high-quality studies are necessary to confirm the reliability of this treatment method.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/logout.php, identifier PROSPERO (CRD42024518665).

Abstract Background Spexin, a 14 amino acid peptide, has been reported to regulate obesity and its associated complications. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effects of spexin on obesity and explore the detailed molecular mechanisms in vivo and in vitro. Methods Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks to induce obesity, and mice fed a standard fat diet were used as controls. Then, these mice were treated with SPX or Vehicle by intraperitoneal injection for an additional 12 weeks, respectively. The metabolic profile, fat-browning specific markers and mitochondrial contents were detected. In vitro, 3T3-L1 cells were used to investigate the molecular mechanisms. Results After 12 weeks of treatment, SPX significantly decreased body weight, serum lipid levels, and improved insulin sensitivity in HFD-induced obese mice. Moreover, SPX was found to promote oxygen consumption in HFD mice, and it increased mitochondrial content as well as the expression of brown-specific markers in white adipose tissue (WAT) of HFD mice. These results were consistent with the increase in mitochondrial content and the expression of brown-specific markers in 3T3-L1 mature adipocytes. Of note, the spexin-mediated beneficial pro-browning actions were abolished by the JAK2/STAT3 pathway antagonists in mature 3T3-L1 cells. Conclusions These data indicate that spexin ameliorates obesity-induced metabolic disorders by improving WAT browning via activation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Therefore, SPX may serve as a new therapeutic candidate for treating obesity.

Abstract Background The growth and development of organism were dependent on the effect of genetic, environment, and their interaction. In recent decades, lots of candidate additive genetic markers and genes had been detected by using genome-widely association study (GWAS). However, restricted to computing power and practical tool, the interactive effect of markers and genes were not revealed clearly. And utilization of these interactive markers is difficult in the breeding and prediction, such as genome selection (GS). Results Through the Power-FDR curve, the GbyE algorithm can detect more significant genetic loci at different levels of genetic correlation and heritability, especially at low heritability levels. The additive effect of GbyE exhibits high significance on certain chromosomes, while the interactive effect detects more significant sites on other chromosomes, which were not detected in the first two parts. In prediction accuracy testing, in most cases of heritability and genetic correlation, the majority of prediction accuracy of GbyE is significantly higher than that of the mean method, regardless of whether the rrBLUP model or BGLR model is used for statistics. The GbyE algorithm improves the prediction accuracy of the three Bayesian models BRR, BayesA, and BayesLASSO using information from genetic by environmental interaction (G × E) and increases the prediction accuracy by 9.4%, 9.1%, and 11%, respectively, relative to the Mean value method. The GbyE algorithm is significantly superior to the mean method in the absence of a single environment, regardless of the combination of heritability and genetic correlation, especially in the case of high genetic correlation and heritability. Conclusions Therefore, this study constructed a new genotype design model program (GbyE) for GWAS and GS using Kronecker product. which was able to clearly estimate the additive and interactive effects separately. The results showed that GbyE can provide higher statistical power for the GWAS and more prediction accuracy of the GS models. In addition, GbyE gives varying degrees of improvement of prediction accuracy in three Bayesian models (BRR, BayesA, and BayesCpi). Whatever the phenotype were missed in the single environment or multiple environments, the GbyE also makes better prediction for inference population set. This study helps us understand the interactive relationship between genomic and environment in the complex traits. The GbyE source code is available at the GitHub website ( https://github.com/liu-xinrui/GbyE ).

Abstract Background A reduction in total lumbar range of motion (ROM) after lumbar fusion may offset the increase in intradiscal pressure (IDP) and facet joint force (FJF) caused by the abnormally increased ROM at adjacent segments. This study aimed to determine a relative total lumbar ROM rather than an ideal adjacent segment ROM to guide postoperative waist activities and further delay adjacent segment degeneration (ASD). Methods An intact L1-S1 finite element model was constructed and validated. Based on this, a surgical model was created to allow the simulation of L4/5 transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF). Under the maximum total L1-S1 ROM, the ROM, IDP, and FJF of each adjacent segment between the intact and TLIF models were compared to explore the biomechanical influence of lumbar fusion on adjacent segments. Subsequently, the functional relationship between total L1-S1 ROM and IDP or total L1-S1 ROM and FJF was fitted in the TLIF model to calculate the relative total L1-S1 ROMs without an increase in IDP and FJF. Results Compared with those of the intact model, the ROM, IDP, and FJF of the adjacent segments in the TLIF model increased by 12.6-28.9%, 0.1-6.8%, and 0-134.2%, respectively. As the total L1-S1 ROM increased, the IDP and FJF of each adjacent segment increased by varying degrees. The relative total L1-S1 ROMs in the TLIF model were 11.03°, 12.50°, 12.14°, and 9.82° in flexion, extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, respectively. Conclusions The relative total L1-S1 ROMs after TLIF were determined, which decreased by 19.6-29.3% compared to the preoperative ones. Guiding the patients to perform postoperative waist activities within these specific ROMs, an increase in the IDP and FJF of adjacent segments may be effectively offset, thereby alleviating ASD.

BackgroundPertussis is a highly contagious respiratory illness mainly caused by Bordetella pertussis (BP). Bordetella parapertussis (BPP) can induce symptoms compatible with pertussis, but has been underdiagnosed and underreported. The current pertussis vaccines offer low protection against BPP. Herein, we aim to reveal the epidemiology and genomic evolution of BPP in Shanghai, China.MethodsChildren diagnosed with BPP infection from January 2017 to December 2022 in Shanghai, China were enrolled. We performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST), multiple locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis. A total of 260 international BPP genomes were chosen for comparison to investigate the genomic diversity and phylogenetic characteristics of Chinese strains within a global context.ResultsSixty patients were diagnosed with BPP infection by culture, with the positive ratio of 3.5‰ (60/17337) for BPP in nasopharyngeal swap samples. The average age of patients was 4.5 ± 0.3 years. BPPs contained four MLVA types including MT6 (65.0%), MT4 (26.7%), untype-1 (6.7%) and MT5 (1.7%), and none of strains showed resistance to macrolides. All strains carried virulence genotype of ptxP37/ptxA13/ptxB3/ptxC3/ptxD3/ptxE3/fim2-2/fim3-10. MT4 and MT5 strains carried prn54, whereas MT6 and untype-1 BPPs expressed prn101. We identified two outbreaks after 2020 caused by MT4 and MT6 strains, each corresponding to distinct WGS-based phylogenetic lineages. The MT4-lineage is estimated to have originated around 1991 and has since spread globally, being introduced to China between 2005 and 2010. In contrast, the MT6-lineage was exclusively identified in China and is inferred to have originated around 2002.ConclusionWe revealed the genomic diversity of BPPs circulating in Shanghai, China, and reported the outbreaks of MT6 and MT4 BPPs after 2020. This is the first report on the emergence and regional outbreak of MT6 BPPs in the world, indicating that continuous surveillance on BPPs are thus required.

Desertification poses a serious threat to ecosystem health, and with global changes, the variability and uncertainty of ecological functions in semi-arid alpine regions are increasing. A pressing issue is quantifying how desertification affects the soil system functions in these areas. However, empirical evidence is still lacking in exploring the interaction between desertification degradation gradients and soil functions under natural conditions by coupling soil physicochemical properties, soil microbiota, and vegetation. For this purpose, we conducted a survey sampling of soil and vegetation at five sites with no, light, moderate, severe and extremely severe desertification in Qinghai Area of Qilian Mountains National Park, China. We introduced a new concept soil health stability (SHS) to represent the actual health status of soil systems in semi-arid alpine regions and assessed the impact of desertification on this stability. We observed that the intensification of desertification has led to a significant decrease in soil organic matter, relative abundance of soil microorganisms, and plant factors. The contributions of plant factors and soil microbiota to SHS showed a negative correlation with the degradation gradient. SHS varied across different degradation gradients, rather than following a single linear relationship, with a relatively rapid decline in the transition from non-desertification to moderate desertification. Our work emphasizes that the coupled contributions of soil physicochemical properties, soil microbiota, and vegetation to SHS. It calls for intensified prevention and treatment of mild and moderate desertification, while providing new methods and deeper scientific understanding for accurately evaluating soil system functions in semi-arid alpine regions.

Mechanical reaming, as a new type of coal seam pressure relief and permeability enhancement measure, can be widely applied to low permeability gas coal seams. In order to investigate the stress evolution law of mechanical reaming, the stress distribution characteristics of mechanical reaming were revealed through theoretical analysis; taking 2616 coal seam of Juji Coal Mine as the research background, the stress evolution law of coal seam during the reaming process was analyzed by ABAQUS numerical simulation software. The results show that: there is a dynamic evolution of the stress field of the coal body around the hole after mechanical reaming, which is distributed in a circular pattern from inside to outside, in the order of fracture zone, plastic zone, elastic zone and original stress zone; the stress disturbance range and stress concentration in the hole-making stage during mechanical reaming are significantly larger than those in the drilling stage.

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to assess the biodistribution, detection rate, and uptake of the [18F]FAPI-42 at two distinct time intervals. Methods This prospective study enrolled 60 consecutive patients (median age 59; range 35–74) referred to [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT. [18F]FAPI-42 PET/CT was performed early and late timepoint after tracer injection for staging or restaging. Positive lesions specified for anatomic locations (primary or recurrent tumor, LN metastasis and other metastasis) by visual analysis at both timepoints. Semiquantitative analysis of the tracer activity in lesions as well as normal tissues at both time points were measured and compared. In a subgroup analysis, eleven patients underwent 2-[18F]FDG PET/CT within 1 week, the detection rate and uptake of lesion were compared between early [18F]FAPI-42 and 2-[18F]FDG. Results Uptake of [18F]FAPI-42 in the late timepoint was significantly lower than the early timepoint in most organs (all p

The management of crop residues in farmland is crucial for increasing soil organic matter and reducing soil erosion. Identifying the regional extent of crop residue cover (CRC) is vital for implementing conservation tillage and formulating agricultural subsidy policies. The Google Earth Engine (GEE) and remote sensing images from 2019 to 2023 were used to obtain spectral characteristics before the maize seedling stage in Northeast China, followed by constructing the CRC estimation models using machine learning algorithms. To avoid the impact of multicollinearity among data, three machine learning algorithms—ridge regression (RR), partial least squares regression (PLSR), and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO)—were employed. By comparing the accuracy of these methods, the most accurate model was determined and applied to subsequent CRC estimation. Based on the estimated CRC and Conservation Technology Information Center definitions of tillage practices, the conservation tillage mapping was completed, and the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics were thoroughly analyzed. The following findings were demonstrated: (1) the PLSR-based model outperformed RR (Pearson’s correlation coefficient (r) = 0.8875, R2 = 0.7877, RMSE = 6.99%) and LASSO (r = 0.8903, R2 = 0.7926, RMSE = 6.88%) with higher accuracy (r = 0.9264, R2 = 0.8582, RMSE = 4.93%). (2) Over the five years, the average no-tillage (NT) proportion in the study area was 15.9%, reduced tillage (RT) was 17.8%, and conventional tillage (CT) was 66.3%. In 2020 and 2022, NT rates were significantly higher at 27.5% and 15.5%, while RT were 15.7% and 30.0%, respectively. (3) Compared to the Sanjiang and Liaohe Plains (RT = 1907 km2 and 1336 km2, and NT = 559 km2 and 585 km2, respectively), the Songnen Plain exhibited higher conservation tillage rates (where RT was 3791 km2 and NT was 1265 km2). This provides crucial scientific evidence for the management and planning of conservation tillage, thereby optimizing farmland production planning, enhancing production efficiency, and promoting the development of sustainable agricultural production systems.

Aquaporins (AQPs) play an essential role in membrane water transport during plant responses to water stresses centered on conventional upstream signals. Phytohormones (PHs) regulate plant growth and yield, working with transcription factors to help plants withstand environmental challenges and regulate physiological and chemical processes. The AQP gene family is important, so researchers have studied its function and regulatory system in numerous species. Yet, there is a critical gap the understanding of many of their molecular features, thus our full knowledge of AQPs is far-off. In this study, we undertook a broad examination of the AQP family gene in Populus euphratica via bioinformatics tools and analyzed the expression patterns of certain members in response to drought, salt, and hormone stress. A total of 22 AQP genes were examined in P. euphratica, and were categorized into four main groups, including TIPs, PIPs, SIPs, and NIPs based on phylogenetic analysis. Comparable exon–intron gene structures were found by gene structure examination, and similarities in motif number and pattern within the same subgroup was determined by motif analysis. The PeuAQP gene family has numerous duplications, and there is a distinct disparity in how the members of the PeuAQP family react to post-translational modifications. Abiotic stress and hormone responses may be mediated by AQPs, as indicated by the abundance of stress response elements found in 22 AQP genes, as revealed by the promoter’s cis-elements prediction. Expression pattern analysis reveals that selected six AQP genes from the PIP subgroup were all expressed in the leaves, stem, and roots with varying expression levels. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis discovered that the majority of the selected AQP members were up- or down-regulated in response to hormone treatment and abiotic stress. Remarkably, PeuAQP14 and PeuAQP15 appeared to be highly responsive to drought stress and PeuAQP15 exhibited a high response to salt stress. The foliar application of the phytohormones (SA, IAA, GA3, MeJA, and ABA) were found to either activate or inhibit PeuAQP, suggesting that they may mitigate the effects of water shortage of poplar water stress. The present work enhances our knowledge of the practical roles of AQPs in stress reactions and offers fundamental information for the AQP genes in poplar species. It also highlights a direction for producing new varieties of poplar species with drought, salt, and hormone tolerance and holds substantial scientific and ecological importance, offering a potential contribution to the conservation of poplar species in arid regions.

Pyroptosis is a type of programmed cell death that is mediated by both typical and atypical pathways and ultimately leads to the lysis and rupture of cell membranes and the release of proinflammatory factors, triggering an intense inflammatory response. Heart failure (HF) is a serious and terminal stage of various heart diseases. Myocardial hypertrophy, myocardial fibrosis, ventricular remodeling, oxidative stress, the inflammatory response and cardiomyocyte ionic disorders caused by various cardiac diseases are all risk factors for and aggravate HF. Numerous studies have shown that pyroptosis can induce and exacerbate these reactions, causing progression to HF. Therefore, targeting pyroptosis is a promising strategy to treat HF. This paper summarizes the role of pyroptosis in the development of HF and the underlying mechanism involved. Recent research progress on the ability of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) extracts and formulas to inhibit pyroptosis and treat HF was summarized, and some traditional Chinese medicine extracts and formulas can alleviate different types of HF, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), and heart failure with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF), by targeting pyroptosis. These findings may provide new ideas and evidence for the treatment or adjuvant treatment of HF by targeting pyroptosis.

IntroductionEndophytes play a significant role in regulating plant root development and facilitating nutrient solubilization and transportation. This association could improve plant growth. The present study has uncovered a distinct phenotype, which we refer to as "white root", arising from the intricate interactions between endophytic fungi and bacteria with the roots in a sugarcane and bamboo fungus (Dictyophora indusiata) intercropping system.MethodsWe investigated the mechanisms underlying the formation of this “white root” phenotype and its impact on sugarcane yield and metabolism by metabarcoding and metabolome analysis.Results and DiscussionInitial analysis revealed that intercropping with D. indusiata increased sugarcane yield by enhancing the number of viable tillers compared with bagasse and no input control. Metabarcoding based on second-generation and third-generation sequencing indicated that D. indusiate and Bacillus aryabhattai dominates the fungal and bacterial composition in the “white root” phenotype of sugarcane root. The coexistence of D. indusiata and B. aryabhattai as endophytes induced plant growth-promoting metabolites in the sugarcane root system, such as lysoPC 18:1 and dihydrobenzofuran, probably contributing to increased sugarcane yield. Furthermore, the association also enhanced the metabolism of compounds, such as naringenin-7-O-glucoside (Prunin), naringenin-7-O-neohesperidoside (Naringin)*, hesperetin-7-O-neohesperidoside (Neohesperidin), epicatechin, and aromadendrin (Dihydrokaempferol), involved in flavonoid metabolism during the formation of the endophytic phenotype in the sugarcane root system. These observations suggest that the “white root” phenotype promotes sugarcane growth by activating flavonoid metabolism. This study reports an interesting phenomenon where D. indusiata, coordinate with the specific bacteria invade, forms a “white root” phenotype with sugarcane root. The study also provides new insights into using D. indusiata as a soil inoculant for promoting sugarcane growth and proposes a new approach for improve sugarcane cultivation.

Abstract The present study aims to investigate the physico-chemical structural evolution characteristics of char structure of CO2 atmosphere torrefaction pretreated sludge with Yangchangwan bituminous coal (YC) during co-gasification. The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge and YC was measured using a thermogravimetric analyzer. The co-gasification reactivity of torrefied sludge with YC was thoroughly explored in depth by in situ heating stage microscope coupled with traditional characterization means of char sample (Scanning electron microscope, nitrogen adsorption analyzer, laser Raman spectroscopy). The results show that the gasification reaction rate of sludge treated under CO2 atmosphere and coal blended char was better than other char samples at 1100–1200 °C. The torrefied sludge under CO2 atmosphere promoted its thermal decomposition to the maximum extent, so that it eventually was transformed into a large number of small broken particles. The specific surface area and ID1/IG ratio of blended char of torrefied sludge under CO2 atmosphere and YC were 1.70 and 1.07 times higher than that of YC, respectively. The in situ technique revealed that YC char with the addition of torrefied sludge undergo gasification by shrinking core modes and the presence of obvious ash melting flow phenomenon. It was more obvious than that of YC.

Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant and a bioaccumulative toxin that seriously affects the environment. Though increasing information has been obtained on the mechanisms involved in mercury toxicity, there is still a knowledge gap between the adverse effects and action mechanisms, especially at the molecular level. In the current study, we screened a diploid library of Saccharomyces cerevisiae single-gene deletion mutants to identify the nonessential genes associated with increased sensitivity to mercury ions. By genome-scale screening, we identified 64 yeast single-gene deletion mutants. These genes are involved in metabolism, transcription, antioxidant activity, cellular transport, transport facilitation, transport routes, and the cell cycle, as well as in protein synthesis, folding, modification, and protein destination. The concentration of mercury ions was different in the cells of yeast deletion mutants. Moreover, the disruption of antioxidant systems may play a key role in the mercurial toxic effects. The related functions of sensitive genes and signal pathways were further analyzed using bioinformatics-related technologies. Among 64 sensitive genes, 37 genes have human homologous analogs. Our results may provide a meaningful reference for understanding the action mode, cellular detoxification, and molecular regulation mechanisms of mercury toxicity.

Abstract Background N6-methyladenosine (m6A), 5-methylcytosine (m5C) and N1-methyladenosine (m1A) are the main RNA methylation modifications involved in the progression of cancer. However, it is still unclear whether RNA methylation-related long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) affect the prognosis of glioma. Methods We summarized 32 m6A/m5C/m1A-related genes and downloaded RNA-seq data and clinical information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were used to identify differentially expressed (DE-) RNA methylation-related lncRNAs in order to construct a prognostic signature of glioma and in order to determine their correlation with immune function, immune therapy and drug sensitivity. In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to elucidate the effects of RNA methylation-related lncRNAs on glioma. Results A total of ten RNA methylation-related lncRNAs were used to construct a survival and prognosis signature, which had good independent prediction ability for patients. It was found that the high-risk group had worse overall survival (OS) than the low-risk group in all cohorts. In addition, the risk group informed the immune function, immunotherapy response and drug sensitivity of patients with glioma in different subgroups. Knockdown of RP11-98I9.4 and RP11-752G15.8 induced a more invasive phenotype, accelerated cell growth and apparent resistance to temozolomide (TMZ) both in vitro and in vivo. We observed significantly elevated global RNA m5C and m6A levels in glioma cells. Conclusion Our study determined the prognostic implication of RNA methylation-related lncRNAs in gliomas, established an RNA methylation-related lncRNA prognostic model, and elucidated that RP11-98I9.4 and RP11-752G15.8 could suppress glioma proliferation, migration and TMZ resistance. In the future, these RNA methylation-related lncRNAs may become a new choice for immunotherapy of glioma.

Elderly patients with carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriales (CRE) infections represent considerable mortality rates. But data on the risk factors for the death of elderly patients following such infection remain limited. We aimed to assess the clinical outcomes, identify mortality-associated risk factors, and determine the antibiotic resistance and resistance genes of isolates for these patients. Hospitalized patients aged ≥65 years with CRE infection from January 2020 to December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. Isolates identification and molecular characterization of CRE were carried out. Logistic regression analysis was applied to assess the potential factors associated with mortality. Of the 123 elderly patients with CRE infection included in our study, the all-cause mortality rate was 39.8% (49/123). The most prevalent pathogen was carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP, 116 of 123). The overall rates of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) were 100.0% and 66.7%. All CRE isolates exclusively harbored a singular variant of carbapenemase gene, such as blaKPC−2, blaIMP−4, blaNDM−5, or blaOXA−48, while 98.4% of isolates harbored more than one β-lactamase gene, of which 106 (86.2%) isolates harbored blaCTX−M, 121 (98.4%) isolates harbored blaTEM, and 116 (94.3%) isolates harbored blaSHV. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that mechanical ventilation (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 33.607, 95% confidence interval (CI): 4.176-270.463, P

Flexible thermoelectric generators (FTEGs) offer a promising solution for powering wearable electronics, while their practical applications are mainly obstructed by the moderate properties of flexible thermoelectric (TE) materials. Here, flexible Ag2Se nanowire (NW)/methyl cellulose (MC) composite films were developed via facile screen-printing technology combined with cold pressing and annealing treatment, and a highest power factor of 1,641.58 μW m−1 K−2 at 360 K was achieved. The reasons for the high TE performance of the Ag2Se NW/MC composite films were because, after the annealing treatment, the Ag2Se NWs were sintered to form conductive network structures, the crystallinity of Ag2Se was markedly enhanced, and the content of insulating phase MC in the composite film was decreased. The Ag2Se NW/MC composite film held appreciable flexibility, as its room-temperature power factor (1,312.08 μW m−1 K−2) can retain ~93% after bending for 1,000 cycles at a radius of 4 mm. Furthermore, the assembled FTEG consisting of 4 strips can generate a maximal power density of 3.51 W m−2 at a temperature difference of 14.1 K. Our results open an effective and large-scale strategy for fabricating high-performance flexible TE materials and energy-harvesting devices.

Flexible thermoelectric generators (f-TEGs) are of importance for self-powered, portable, and wearable electronics. The materials’ thermoelectric (TE) performance is one of the factors that affect the conversion efficiency of f-TEGs. Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a kind of conducting polymers has low thermal conductivity and good processability in solution; however, its TE properties are still much lower than those of the inorganic TE materials, which limits its wide applications in f-TEGs. Two-dimensional (2D) inorganic nanosheets (NSs) exfoliated from their corresponding powders are promising filler materials for enhancing the TE properties of PEDOT:PSS. This paper provides a brief review on the research progress of flexible 2D inorganic NS/PEDOT:PSS composite films fabricated by vacuum filtration, drop casting, and spin coating. The challenges, perspectives, and outlooks of flexible 2D inorganic NS/PEDOT:PSS composite films are further discussed.

Introduction: The application prospects of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) as a minimally invasive spinal surgery method in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation are extensive. This study aims to find the optimal entry angle for the trephine at the L4/5 intervertebral space, which causes less lumbar damage and has greater postoperative stability. To achieve this, we conduct a three-dimensional simulated analysis of the degree of damage caused by targeted puncture-based trephine osteotomy on the lumbar spine.Methods: We gathered clinical CT data from patients to construct a lumbar model. This model was used to simulate and analyze the variations in trephine osteotomy volume resulting from targeted punctures at the L4/5 interspace. Furthermore, according to these variations in osteotomy volume, we created Finite Element Analysis (FEA) models specifically for the trephine osteotomy procedure. We then applied mechanical loads to conduct range of motion and von Mises stress analyses on the lumbar motion unit.Results: In percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar discectomy, the smallest osteotomy volume occurred with a 20° entry angle, close to the base of the spinous process. The volume increased at 30° and reached its largest at 40°. In percutaneous transforaminal endoscopic discectomy, the largest osteotomy volume was observed with a 50° entry angle, passing through the facet joints, with smaller volumes at 60° and the smallest at 70°. In FEA, M6 exhibited the most notable biomechanical decline, particularly during posterior extension and right rotation. M2 and M3 showed significant differences primarily in rotation, whereas the differences between M3 and M4 were most evident in posterior extension and right rotation. M5 displayed their highest stress levels primarily in posterior extension, with significant variations observed in right rotation alongside M4.Conclusion: The appropriate selection of entry sites can reduce lumbar damage and increase stability. We suggest employing targeted punctures at a 30° angle for PEID and at a 60° angle for PTED at the L4/5 intervertebral space. Additionally, reducing the degree of facet joint damage is crucial to enhance postoperative stability in lumbar vertebral motion units.

Plantations in dry and semi-arid areas significantly affect the soil’s ability to store carbon and maintain a stable water balance. It is yet unclear, though, how planted trees in these regions might impact the soil’s carbon and water levels. As a forest ages, it is unknown how soil water and soil carbon interact with one another. In order to conduct this study, four Saxaul plantations in the Alxa Plateau were chosen, with the neighboring mobile sandy (MS) ground serving as a control. The ages of the plantations ranged from 5 to 46 years. The major topics of the study included the relationship between soil water and soil carbon, changes in the 0-300 cm soil layer’s soil water content (SWC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil inorganic carbon (SIC) following afforestation. The findings demonstrated that, in comparison to MS, afforestation considerably increased SOC and SIC stocks. In comparison to MS, the SIC grew by 4.02 kg m-2, 4.12 kg m-2, 5.12 kg m-2, and 6.52 kg m-2 throughout periods of 5 years, 11 years, 22 years, and 46 years, respectively. SOC increased relative to MS by 2.55 kg m-2, 2.91 kg m-2, 3.53 kg m-2, and 4.05 kg m-2. Afforestation, however, also contributed to a considerable decline in deep SWC and an increase in the soil water deficit (SWD). In comparison to MS, the mean SWC values were lower at 5 years, 11 years, 22 years, and 46 years, respectively, by 0.48%, 1.37%, 1.56%, and 4.00%. The increase in soil carbon pool caused by sand afforestation actually came at the expense of a reduction in soil water due to a large negative association between deep SWC, SOC, and SIC. To limit SWC losses and encourage sustainable forest land development, we advocate suitable harvest management practices on forest land.

The Tianwen-1 probe, used in China’s first Mars exploration mission, features multiple flight phases, numerous spatial pointing constraints, and complex working modes. During the braking and capture process, it faces challenges such as uplink or downlink command delay, unique capture window, post-control “occultation”, short-time significant change in speed increment, and interference caused by low-frequency and low-damping solid–liquid flexible coupling oscillations. Therefore, high reliability, high autonomy, and high precision are required for the braking and capture process. As the executor of braking and capture control, the GNC (guidance, navigation, and control) subsystem of the orbiter employs an online orbit control strategy reconstruction method based on arc loss compensation to realize high reliability, the main engine anomaly recognition and a seamless switching scheme to realize high autonomy, and the attitude–orbit coupling control algorithm with thrust direction compensation to realize high-precision speed increment control. According to the on-orbit flight validation of the Tianwen-1 probe, the GNC subsystem of the orbiter has completed the braking and capture control task reliably and autonomously with millimeter-per-second-level accuracy, effectively ensuring the successful execution of subsequent landing and patrol tasks. This paper analyzes the online orbit control strategy reconstruction method, anomaly recognition and seamless switching method, and thrust vector control method of the braking and capture process and offers valuable insights for future interplanetary exploration flight control.

IntroductionAttempts to artificially activate unfertilized oocytes at 24 h post intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have generally resulted in poor outcomes. This study aims to explore a new strategy for early judgement and rescue activation of unfertilized oocytes at 5 h post ICSI to avoid unexpected fertilization failure (UFF) or unexpected low fertilization (ULF) in ICSI cycles.MethodsFirstly, time-lapse data from 278 ICSI cycles were retrospectively analyzed to establish an indicator for fertilization failure prediction. Secondly, 14 UFF and 20 ULF cycles were enrolled for an observational study, early rescue oocyte activation (EROA) was performed on oocytes without post-ICSI Pb2 extrusion to investigate fertilization efficiency, embryo development and clinical outcomes.ResultsThe average time to Pb2 extrusion post-ICSI was 3.03±1.21 h, 95.54% of oocytes had extruded Pb2 before 5 h, and the sensitivity and specificity for monitoring Pb2 extrusion at 5 h by time-lapse imaging to predict fertilization were 99.59% and 99.78%, respectively. Early rescue activation of oocytes with no Pb2 extrusion resulted in acceptable fertilization and embryo developmental outcomes, in terms of the fertilization rate (75.00, 72.99%), 2PN fertilization rate (61.36, 56.93%), good-quality embryo rate (42.59, 50.00%), blastocyst formation rate (48.28, 46.03%), good-quality blastocyst rate (34.48, 33.33%), and oocyte utilization rate (36.36, 27.74%), for both UFF and ULF cycles. The clinical pregnancy, embryo implantation, and early miscarriage rates in the rescue oocyte activation group did not significantly differ from those in the Pb2 extrusion group. Fourteen unexpected fertilization failures and 20 low fertilization ICSI cycles were rescued and resulted in clinical pregnancy rates of 40.00% (4/10) and 57.14% (8/14), respectively. ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that monitoring Pb2 extrusion by time-lapse imaging can accurately predict fertilization outcomes, suggesting that early rescue oocyte activation at 5 h post ICSI is an effective strategy for avoiding unexpected fertilization failure and low fertilization in ICSI cycles.

Abstract Background The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most destructive invasive pests causing serious damage to maize crops in China. At present, the use of chemical pesticides is the main method to prevent and control S. frugiperda. However, the excessive use of chemical pesticides not only causes toxicity in humans and animals but also pollutes the environment and causes public harm. In this context, the present study aimed to isolate, identify and evaluate the pathogenicity of the native strain of Metarhizium guizhouense against eggs, larvae and pupae of S. frugiperda under laboratory conditions. Results The fungal isolate was identified as M. guizhouense (Xct1) based on its morphological and molecular characteristics by sequencing ITS, β-tubulin and EF1-α gene. Meanwhile, the fungal isolate was highly pathogenic to eggs of the S. frugiperda, at the highest concentration of 1 × 108 spores/ml, the cumulative egg hatching rate was only 8.33% at 10 days post exposure. After 10 days of exposure to the highest concentration of 1 × 108 spores/ml, the LC50 values for the first–fifth larval instars of S. frugiperda were 8.12 × 104, 1.11 × 105, 5.55 × 105, 3.87 × 106 and 1.43 × 107 spores/ml, respectively. Conclusions The pathogenicity of M. guizhouense Xct1 to S. frugiperda larvae gradually decreased with increasing the developmental stages. Metarhizium guizhouense Xct1 was more pathogenic to egg and younger larvae of S. frugiperda. This provides a basis for determining the optimal period of control.

Abstract It has been shown that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) LINC00659 was markedly upregulated in the peripheral blood of patients with deep venous thrombosis (DVT). However, the function of LINC00659 in lower extremity DVT (LEDVT) remains to be largely unrevealed. A total of 30 inferior vena cava (IVC) tissue samples and peripheral blood (60 ml per subject) were obtained from LEDVT patients (n = 15) and healthy donors (n = 15), and then LINC00659 expression was detected by RT-qPCR. The results displayed that LINC00659 is upregulated in IVC tissues and isolated endothelial group cells (EPCs) of patients with LEDVT. LINC00659 knock-down promoted the proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis ability of EPCs, while an pcDNA-eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A3 (EIF4A3), a EIF4A3 overexpression vector, or fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) combined with LINC00659 siRNA could not enhance this effect. Mechanistically, LINC00659 bound with EIF4A3 promoter to upregulated EIF4A3 expression. Besides, EIF4A3 could facilitate FGF1 methylation and its downregulated expression by recruiting DNA methyltransferases 3A (DNMT3A) to the FGF1 promoter region. Additionally, LINC00659 inhibition could alleviate LEDVT in mice. In summary, the data indicated the roles of LINC00659 in the pathogenesis of LEDVT, and the LINC00659/EIF4A3/FGF1 axis could be a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of LEDVT.

Abstract Introduction We tried to show the effect of sinomenine (SIN) in diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain (DPNP) and the related underlying mechanism. Methods Network pharmacological analysis and bioinformatics analysis were carried out for identification of the active ingredients of Sinomenium acutum and the related genes. The DPNP rat model was constructed and primary rat spinal cord microglial cells were isolated for in vitro cell experiments. The therapeutic role of SIN in DPNP was determined in vivo and in vitro through analysis of microglial cell activation and inflammatory response. Results Therapeutic role of S. acutum in DPNP was mainly achieved by regulating 14 key genes, among which the target gene prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) of SIN might be the key gene. An in vivo experiment showed that SIN inactivated the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha–X‐box binding protein 1 pathway by downregulating PTGS2, which relieved pain symptoms in DPNP rats. It was confirmed in vivo that SIN inhibited the pathway through PTGS2 to alleviate the activation of spinal cord microglial cells and inflammatory response. Conclusion SIN decreases the expression of PTGS2 to inactivate the inositol‐requiring enzyme 1 alpha–X‐box binding protein 1 signaling pathway, which inhibits microglial activation, as well as the release of inflammatory factors, thus alleviating DPNP.

Autonomous vehicles rely extensively on onboard sensors to perceive their surrounding environments for motion planning and vehicle control. Despite recent advancements, prevalent perception algorithms typically utilize data acquired from the single host vehicle, which can lead to challenges such as sensor data sparsity, field-of-view limitations, and occlusion. To address these issues and enhance the perception capabilities of autonomous driving systems, we explore the concept of multi-vehicle multimedia cooperative perception by investigating the fusion of LiDAR point clouds and camera images from multiple interconnected vehicles with different positions and viewing angles. Specifically, we introduce a semantic point cloud feature-level cooperative perception framework, termed CooPercept, designed to mitigate computing complexity and reduce turnaround time. This is crucial, as the volume of raw sensor data traffic generally far exceeds the bandwidth of existing vehicular networks. Our approach is validated through experiments conducted on synthetic datasets from KITTI and OPV2V. The results demonstrate that our proposed CooPercept model surpasses comparable perception models, achieving enhanced detection accuracy and greater detection robustness.

Nodulation is the most efficient nitrate assimilation system in the ecosystem, while excessive fertilization has an increased nitrate inhibition effect; deciphering the nitrate signal transduction mechanism in the process is of the utmost importance. In this study, genome-wide analyses of the GmCEP genes were applied to identify nodulation-related CEP genes; 22 GmCEP family members were identified, while GmCEP6 was mainly expressed in nodules and significantly responded to nitrate treatment and rhizobium infection, especially in later stages. Overexpression and CRISPR-Cas9 were used to validate its role in nodulation. We found that GmCEP6 overexpression significantly increased the nodule number, while GmCEP6 knock-out significantly decreased the nodule number, which suggests that GmCEP6 functions as a positive regulator in soybean nodulation. qRT-PCR showed that alterations in the expression of GmCEP6 affected the expression of marker genes in the Nod factor signaling pathway. Lastly, the function of GmCEP6 in nitrate inhibition of nodulation was analyzed; nodule numbers in the GmCEP6-overexpressed roots significantly increased under nitrogen treatments, which suggests that GmCEP6 functions in the resistance to nitrate inhibition. The study helps us understand that GmCEP6 promotes nodulation and participates in the regulation of nitrate inhibition of nodulation, which is of great significance for high efficiency utilization of nitrogen in soybeans.

A high-precision attitude control satellite uses an angular momentum exchange device such as a flywheel or a control moment gyro as the actuator for attitude stability control. Once the accumulation of angular momentum exceeds the upper limit of the angular momentum exchange device, the satellite will lose its attitude control ability. Therefore, it is necessary to unload the angular momentum exchange device to ensure the attitude control ability of the satellite platform. The angular momentum accumulation of GEO(Geosynchronous Orbit, GEO) satellites with asymmetric structure can reach 40 Nms per day, and the accumulation speed is more than 20 times that of GEO satellites with symmetrical structure. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out angular momentum unloading for GEO satellites with asymmetric structure every day. The previous method of angular momentum unloading using electric propulsion has weak unloading capacity, which is not suitable for angular momentum unloading of asymmetric satellites. This paper presents a method of angular momentum unloading using a four-joint mechanical arm plus an electric thruster. Large angular momentum unloading with near-zero burn-up can be achieved through the thrust generated by station keeping. In addition, the problem of attitude and orbit coupling control can be solved by controlling the thrust direction of the electric thruster with a mechanical arm.

Mangrove plant seedling cultivation is crucial for the protection, management, and restoration of the mangrove ecosystem. In this study, we focused on Kandelia obovata Sheue & al., a typical mangrove, and evaluated nursery cultivation with different combinations of three salinity levels (S1: 0 ppt, S2: 10 ppt, and S3: 20 ppt), three genealogies (EZD, JX, and YZ), and five growth media (M1: 100% loess, M2: 100% sandy, M3: 50% loess + 50% sandy, M4: 40% loess + 40% sandy + 20% peat, and M5: 40% loess + 40% sandy + 20% coir), by measuring the growth parameters such as mortality rate, seedling height, seedling diameter, and biomass partition. These growth indexes were significantly affected by salinity and medium, and genealogies also had significant effects on mortality rate and biomass accumulation. S2 or S3 both had lower mortality and higher growth indexes than S1. M1 was the medium that increased seedling height, diameter, and biomass the most and had the lowest death rate. EZD and JX were also at higher levels than YZ in these indicators, but the difference between them was not obvious. S3, M1, and EZD consistently performed well in fuzzy evaluation and quality assessment (Dickson quality index: 1.179, 1.478, and 1.089, respectively). Furthermore, combinations involving these treatments also produced highly favorable results. This indicates that the quality of seedlings produced under these conditions was high. These results furnish both a theoretical and practical foundation for advancing nursery cultivation techniques and germplasm breeding of K. obovata in mangroves.

BackgroundDoes short-interval second ejaculation improve sperm quality, embryo development and clinical outcomes for oligoasthenozoospermia males received intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) treatment?MethodsAll enrolled male patients underwent short-interval secondary ejaculation on the day of oocyte retrieval, and 786 sibling MII oocytes from 67 cycles were equally divided into two groups based on whether the injected spermatozoons originated from the first or second ejaculation. Semen parameters, embryo development efficiency, morphokinetic parameters and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups to assess the efficiency and clinical value of short-interval second ejaculation in ICSI cycles.ResultsShort-interval second ejaculation significantly improved sperm motility, normal morphological rate, and sperm DNA integrity both before and after sperm swim-up. The high-quality blastocyst rate (24.79% versus 14.67%), available blastocyst rate (57.56% versus 48.44%), and oocyte utilization rate (52.93% versus 45.29%) were significantly higher in the second ejaculation group (P0.05). Time-lapse analysis showed that morphokinetic time points after the 7-cell stage were earlier in the second ejaculation group but without a significant difference (P>0.05), and abnormal embryo cleavage patterns between the two groups were not significantly different (P>0.05).ConclusionsShort-interval second ejaculation significantly improves sperm quality in oligoasthenozoospermic males, and is beneficial for blastocyst formation efficiency in ICSI cycles. This study suggested a non-invasive and simple but effective strategy for improving ICSI treatment outcomes.

Abstract Background SYNGAP1 is a significant genetic risk factor for global developmental delay, autism spectrum disorder, and epileptic encephalopathy. De novo loss-of-function variants in this gene cause a neurodevelopmental disorder, for example, early-onset and drug-refractory seizures. We report two children with global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy, which are caused by SYNGAP1 gene novel mutations, and drug treatment is effective. Case presentation We report a boy and a girl presented with global developmental delay when they were young babies; as they grew up, cognitive impairment and social-communication disorder became more and more prominent; unfortunately, the patients developed into various seizure types, including eyelid myoclonia, myoclonic and absences when the boy was 1 year 8 mouths old and the girl was 3 years old. The two patients were found two previously unknown mutations by high throughput sequencing [c.3271_ c.3272insT; (p.L1091L fs*62), c.2515A > T (p.K839*)] in exon 15 of the SYNGAP in the proband. Sanger sequencing confirmed the heterozygous nature, and neither of their parents carried the same mutation. The girl treated with valproic acid and prednisone became seizure-free, and valproic acid and levetiracetam combined with clonazepam were influential in the other. Conclusions The global developmental delay and epileptic encephalopathy of the children were probably due to the pathogenic mutation of the SYNGAP1 gene, and prednisone and clonazepam may be effective in achieving seizure-free.

On the basis of systematically sorting out the potential risk sources of underground structure construction, this paper describes the surrounding medium of underground structure as soil mass and rock mass. The main risk source of the underground structure based on soil medium comes from the construction mechanics analysis in the construction stage, and the leading factor of the underground structure loading in the construction stage is the stress-strain relationship of soil based on the unloading path. The deep underground engineering structure is faced with a series of disasters such as high-strength water escape, high-strength rock burst, large deformation of soft rock, boulder collapse and rock burst under the action of unloading. In view of the unloading paths faced by the above two different media, the corresponding physical models are developed to describe the above phenomena according to their respective disaster evolution mechanism and disaster breeding mechanism, and the corresponding indexes required for the safety of engineering structures are obtained by solving the physical equations. According to the above indicators, the engineering structure and surrounding media in the construction process are monitored accordingly, and the feedback of the monitoring data is used to obtain the risk assessment and modify the current construction sequence, so as to provide a reference for better serving the construction safety of underground engineering structures.

Objective We aimed to develop a nomogram to predict risk of resistance to intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in children with Kawasaki disease in eastern China. Methods We retrospectively analysed the data of children with Kawasaki disease who received IVIG during hospitalisation at Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital. IVIG resistance was defined as recrudescent or persistent fever ≥36 h after the end of the IVIG infusion. Baseline variables were analysed using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) to identify the predictors of IVIG resistance, which were then used to construct a predictive nomogram. Calibration curve and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of the model. The predictive nomogram was validated on test sets of external data and prospective data. Results Between January 2015 and December 2020, 1293 Kawasaki disease patients were hospitalized in Soochow University Affiliated Children’s Hospital. Among them, 72 (5.57%) showed IVIG resistance. LASSO identified haemoglobin, percentage of neutrophils, C-reactive protein level, platelet count, serum albumin, serum sodium, serum alkaline phosphatase, coronary artery damage, and complete Kawasaki disease as risk factors for IVIG resistance. The nomogram constructed using these factors showed satisfactory discriminatory power (AUC, 0.75), and sensitivity (0.74) and specificity (0.64). In the external data and prospective data, the AUC was 0.66 and 0.83, respectively, the sensitivity was 0.86 and 1, respectively, and the specificity was 0.49 and 0.60, respectively. Conclusions The predictive nomogram constructed using nine factors associated with IVIG resistance in children with Kawasaki disease could be a useful tool for identifying patients likely to show IVIG resistance. This nomogram may help reduce the risk of coronary artery lesions.Key Messages None of the IVIG resistance scoring systems has shown consistently good performance in previous studies. Tools to predict the risk of IVIG resistance in eastern China are lacking. In our series, haemoglobin level, percentage of neutrophils, platelet count, coronary artery damage, incomplete Kawasaki disease, and CRP, serum albumin, serum sodium, and serum alkaline phosphatase levels were risk factors of IVIG resistance in hospitalized children in the eastern China cities of Suzhou and Fuzhou. We propose an easy-to-use nomogram to predict the risk factors of IVIG resistance in hospitalized children.

Abstract Background Acute spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is a morbid and deadly form of stroke. The lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) and systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) are two novel markers of systemic inflammation. We aimed at investigating the predictive value of LMR and SII in patients with sICH. Methods We retrospectively evaluated patients who were hospitalized for sICH at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2019 to July 2020. According to the 3-month modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score, we considered a good prognosis group (mRS: 0–2) and a poor prognosis group (mRS ≥ 3 or death). A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the factors affecting the prognosis at 3 months. Results A total of 171 patients with sICH were enrolled. A lower LMR measured at 24 h of admission was an independent predictor of 3-month prognosis (OR: 0.392, 95% CI 0.281–0.547, p

Abstract Background Research on aging is growing as the elderly make up a greater share of the population, focusing on reversing and inhibiting the aging process. The exhaustion and senescence of stem cells are the fundamental drivers behind aging. β-Carotene has been depicted to have many biological functions, and we speculate that it may have an anti-aging effect. Methods Firstly, the anti-aging property of β-carotene was investigated in vitro using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) induced by H2O2. The anti-aging effect was characterized using Western-bloting, confocal laser scanning microscopy, indirect immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. The anti-aging property was also tested in vivo using aged mice. Results The in vitro experiment revealed that β-carotene could relieve the aging of MSCs, as evidenced by a series of aging marker molecules such as p16 and p21. β-Carotene appeared to inhibit aging by regulating the KAT7-P15 signaling axis. The in vivo experiment revealed that β-carotene treatment has significantly down-regulated the aging level of tissues and organs. Conclusions In this work, we explored the anti-aging effect of β-carotene in vivo and in vitro. The experimental results indicate that β-carotene may be an important potential anti-aging molecule, which can be used as a drug or in functional food to treat aging in the future.

Background: Sleep–wake disturbance is prevalent in patients with liver cancer, but there is no direct evidence of its association and related biological mechanisms. Our study was to assess quality of sleep and to describe prevalence of sleep disturbances in patients with different etiologies of liver cancer, especially to explore whether sleep quality influences immune factors. Methods: A total of 210 patients with liver cancer from August 2015 to December 2015 were randomly divided into two groups including HBV cirrhosis and non-HBV cirrhosis. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to evaluate their sleep quality, and then 202 patients enrolled in this study were divided into two groups according to their PSQI scores: PSQI ≤ 5 and PSQI > 5. The association between sleep disturbances and immune factors was analyzed by logistic regression models. Results: A total of 56.9% of liver cancer patients experienced poor sleep quality (PSQI > 5). The prevalence of sleep disturbances was significantly higher in patients with liver cancer of non-hepatitis B virus (HBV) cirrhosis than with that evolving from HBV cirrhosis (66.7% vs. 50%, p = 0.018). In non-HBV cirrhosis liver cancer patients, the PSQI > 5 group had a higher percentage of CD3+ T cells (71.06 ± 11.07 vs. 63.96 ± 14.18, p = 0.014) and lower natural killer (NK) cells (14.67 ± 9.65 vs. 20.5 ± 10.77, p = 0.014) compared with patients with PSQI ≤ 5. Logistic regression further confirmed that liver cancer patients without HBV cirrhosis are more prone to experience poor sleep with increased CD3+ T cells (OR = 1.07, 95% CI = 1.01–1.13, p = 0.030) and decreased NK cells (OR = 0.92, 95% CI = 0.85–0.98, p = 0.014). Our results indicate that increased CD3+ T cells and decreased NK cells are both associated with sleep disturbances in patients with liver cancer of non-HBV cirrhosis. Conclusions: Most liver cancer patients suffer from sleep disturbances, especially evolving from non-HBV cirrhosis. A rise in CD3+ T cells and a reduction in NK cells are associated with sleep disturbances in patients with liver cancer of non-HBV cirrhosis.

Abstract Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) have gradually become a health threat to elderly individuals. Treatment options are controversial, and many challenges remain. Our study aimed to investigate the management trends of OVCFs at a single institution, covering all cases of OVCFs between January 1, 2016, and December 31, 2020. A total of 938 OVCF patients were reviewed, and OVCFs were most common in patients over 70 years old. The hospital stay, surgery haemorrhage rate and total cost decreased year by year. The number of patients with previous OVCFs varied from 123 in 2016 to 83 in 2020. The average bone mineral density (BMD) of the patients generally decreased year by year. In OVCF treatments, the rate of PV or PK increased from 93.86% in 2016 to 98.98% in 2020, while the rate of PV combined with pedicle fixation decreased from 6.14% in 2012 to 1.12% in 2020. Most patients were treated with bisphosphonates, and only 2 patients were treated with teriparatide. The visual analogue scale scores significantly improved at the final follow-up compared with the preoperative values. The rate of previous fractures was correlated with BMD, while there were no correlations with sex, age, or anti-osteoporosis treatment. In conclusion, the 5-year incidence of OVCFs increased and average patient BMD worsened by year. Although the total cost is continuously decreasing, poor adherence to anti-osteoporosis treatments and the prevention of refracture create more severe challenges.

This study offers a bibliometric analysis of research trends in task-based language teaching (TBLT) from 1985 to 2020. The analysis covers research questions related to the publication trends, venues for publication, productive authors, highly cited articles and references and, more importantly, the most frequently explored TBLT-related topics and their developmental patterns across the past 35 years. Results showed that TBLT was still mostly approached from the traditional cognitive-interactionist and psycholinguistic perspectives with a focus on tasks, individuals (i.e., learners and teachers), task-related variables (e.g., task complexity and task repetition), task performance, and the resultant linguistic forms. While this field of research has witnessed a growing interest in learners’ individual differences and computer-mediated, technologies-assisted learning, a decreasing trend has been observed in topics related to error and recast. Implications for task-based research, pedagogy, and research methodologies are discussed.

Information regarding plant water-use strategies is essential for understanding the hydrological processes and plant survival adaptation mechanisms in desert lake basin regions. To examine the water use strategies of plants in desert lake basin areas, water uptake patterns, water use efficiency, and water potential of Nitraria tangutorum were investigated at different distances from the lake duringhe growing seasons in the lake basin regions of the Badain Jaran Desert. The results indicate that N. tangutorum primarily absorbed groundwater in May (63.8%) and August (53.5%), relied on deep soil water in June (75.1%), and uniformly absorbed soil water from different layers in July. These observations could be explained by periodic fluctuations in the groundwater level and the consequent decrease in soil water availability, as well as plant root adjustments. As soil water availability decreases, N. tangutorum adapts to water variation by increasing its water use efficiency (WUE) and reducing its leaf water potential (Ψ). With intensified water stress, N. tangutorum gradually shifted from adventurous anisohydric regulation to conservative isohydric regulation. Thus, N. tangutorum responds to diverse degrees of environmental changes by altering its water-use strategy. A better understanding of the adaptive water use strategies developed by desert plants under varying water availability conditions provides insight into the diversity of species’ reactions to long-term drought and quantifies the hydrological cycle of desert ecosystems against the background of worldwide climate warming.

BackgroundBirth defects (BDs) are associated with many potential risk factors, and its causes are complex.ObjectivesThis study aimed to explore the epidemiological characteristics of BDs in Guangxi of China and the associated risk factors of BDs.MethodsBDs data of perinatal infants (PIs) were obtained from the Guangxi birth defects monitoring network between 2016 and 2020. Univariate Poisson regression was used to calculate the prevalence-rate ratios (PRR) to explore the changing trends of BDs prevalence by year and the correlation between the regarding of characteristics of BDs (including infant gender, maternal age, and quarter) and BDs. Clinical characteristics of PIs with BDs and general characteristics of their mothers were documented, and Spearman correlation analysis was used to explore the potential associated risk factors of BDs.ResultsBetween 2016 and 2020, 44,146 PIs with BDs were monitored, with an overall BDs prevalence of 121.71 (95% CI: 120.58–122.84) per 10,000 PIs, showing a significant increase trend (PRR = 1.116, 95% CI: 1.108–1.123), especially the prevalence of congenital heart defects (CHDs) that most significantly increased (PRR = 1.300, 95% CI: 1.283–1.318). The 10 most common BDs were CHDs, polydactyly, congenital talipes equinovarus, other malformation of external ear, syndactyly, hypospadias, cleft lip with cleft palate, cleft lip, hemoglobin Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome (BHFS), and congenital atresia of the rectum and anus. BDs were positively correlated with pregnant women's age (R = 0.732, P