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Gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) is the most common mesenchymal tumor of the alimentary tract. The prognosis depends on the primary site, and small intestinal GISTs have a worse prognosis than gastric GISTs. Molecularly targeted drugs to inhibit tyrosine kinase activity of KIT were used for unresectable or recurrent GISTs. However, secondary resistance to the drugs is often acquired, and treatments based on other mechanisms are needed. Previously, we reported that cell adhesion molecule 1 (CADM1) was highly expressed in most of small intestinal GISTs but not in most of gastric GISTs. In the present study, we examined whether the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with anti-CADM1 antibody and monomethyl auristatin E (anti-CAD-ADC) shows anti-tumor effect on CADM1-expressing human GIST cells. The ADC adhibited in this study was previously used for CADM1-expressing human mesothelioma cells and showed anti-tumor effect for them in vitro. GIST-T1 cell line of gastric origin which scarcely expresses CADM1 and GIST-T1 cells transfected with CADM1 cDNA (GIST-T1-CAD cells) which highly expresses CADM1 and represents small intestinal GIST were used. In vitro, anti-CAD-ADC showed remarkable cytotoxic activity on GIST-T1-CAD cells, but control ADC did not. Both anti-CAD-ADC and control ADC did not show anti-tumor effect on original GIST-T1 cells. When GIST-T1-CAD cells were subcutaneously injected to the nude mice, intravenous administration of anti-CAD-ADC showed inhibitory effect for tumor enlargement. Tumor of GIST-T1 cells grew even after anti-CAD-ADC injection. When GIST-T1-CAD cells were injected into peritoneal cavity of the SCID mice, intraperitoneal administration of anti-CAD-ADC showed reduction of the peritoneal tumor. On the other hand, peritoneal tumor grew after control ADC administration. Tissue and organ damage due to administration of anti-CAD-ADC was not apparent by macroscopic and histological examinations in mice. These results indicate that anti-CAD-ADC could have apparent anti-tumor effect on CADM1-expressing human GIST cells both in in vitro and in vivo mouse models.

Abstract Engineering porous organic polymers (POPs) into 1D morphology holds significant promise for diverse applications due to their exceptional processability and increased surface contact for enhanced interactions with guest molecules. This article reviews the latest developments in nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives, encompassing porous organic polymer nanofibers, their composites, and POPs‐derived carbon nanofibers. The review delves into the design and fabrication strategies, elucidates the formation mechanisms, explores their functional attributes, and highlights promising applications. The first section systematically outlines two primary fabrication approaches of nanofibrous POPs, i.e., direct bulk synthesis and electrospinning technology. Both routes are discussed and compared in terms of template utilization and post‐treatments. Next, performance of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are reviewed for applications including water treatment, water/oil separation, gas adsorption, energy storage, heterogeneous catalysis, microwave absorption, and biomedical systems. Finally, highlighting existent challenges and offering future prospects of nanofibrous POPs and their derivatives are concluded.

Highlights The zeolitic imidazolate framework functionalized modified layered double hydroxide (ZIF-8@MLDH) composite membranes with superior structural stability and Li+ permeability are prepared by selectively growing ZIF-8 nanoparticles in the framework defects of the MLDH membrane. The tailor-made ZIF-8@MLDH membrane has a large Li+ permeability of up to 1.73 mol m-2 h-1 and a high Li+/Mg2+ selectivity of 31.9, which exceed most of the current 2D lamellar membranes.

Abstract Background Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐positive diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (EBV‐posDLBCL) is an aggressive B‐cell lymphoma that often presents similar morphological and immune phenotype features to that of EBV‐negative DLBCL (EBV‐negDLBCL). Aims and Methods To better understand their difference in genomic landscape, we performed whole‐exome sequencing (WES) of EBV‐posDLBCL and EBV‐negDLBCL. Results This analysis revealed a new mutational signature 17 (unknown) and signature 29 (smoking) in EBV‐posDLBCL as well as a specific mutational signature 24 (associated with aflatoxin) in EBV‐negDLBCL. Compared with EBV‐negDLBCL, more somatic copy number alterations (CNAs) and deletions were detected in EBV‐posDLBCL (p = 0.01). The most frequent CNAs specifically detected in EBV‐posDLBCL were gains at 9p24.1 (PDL1 and JAK2), 8q22.2‐q24.23 (DEPTOR and MYC), and 7q31.31‐q32.2 (MET), which were validated in additional EBV‐posDLBCL cases. Overall, 53.7% (22/41) and 62.9% (22/35) of the cases expressed PD‐L1 and c‐MET, respectively, in neoplastic cells, whereas only 15.4% (4/26) expressed c‐MYC. Neoplastic c‐MET expression was positively correlated with PD‐L1 (p

Abstract Along the development of ionic porous organic polymers, simple and efficient synthetic methods are actively pursued. Herein, the Debus–Radziszewski reaction is applied to synthesize ionic conjugated microporous polymers (iCMPs) in one step. A series of imidazolium‐linked iCMP‐X (X = 1, 2, 3) are developed for CO2 sorption and in situ conversion with epoxide into cyclic carbonates. The as‐synthesized iCMPs are characterized in detail by scanning electron microscope, solid‐state nuclear magnetic resonance, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction analysis, N2/CO2 sorption, and more. Among all synthesized iCMPs, iCMP‐1 possesses the highest specific surface area and in turn the strongest CO2 sorption capacity. Moreover, through a simple anion ion exchange reaction with halide, iCMP‐1 is transformed to iCMP‐1@Cl that embodies significant catalytic capability for converting CO2 into cyclic carbonates.

Efficient and selective gold recovery from electronic waste is highly demanded. Here, authors demonstrate the application of a porous organic polycarbene adsorbent with up to 2.09 g/g gold-capturing capability.

Traditional carbon nitride membranes are generally presented with random stacking behavior leading to undesired separation performance. Here, authors create lamellar membranes via polycation pillaring to afford adaptive subnanochannels, overcoming the selectivity-permeability trade-off in forward osmosis.

Cellulose-based electro-actuators have enormous potential in various applications, e.g. artificial muscles, soft grippers, medical devices, just to name a few, owing to their high mechanical strength, lightness and natural abundance. However, significant challenges remain in the fabrication of such electro-actuators featuring low operating voltage and fast response kinetics. We report here a facile fabrication route towards high-performance electro-actuators composed of CNFs films doped with ionic liquids or lithium salts and sandwiched by two thin film gold electrodes. Large bending motion at voltages as low as 3.0 V could be observed. The size effect of both anions and cations on the actuation was comprehensively investigated. CNF-TFSI@LiTFSI and CNF-BF4@EMIM-BF4 electro-actuators presented the best bending strain under an AC voltage of 3.0 V. This work provides new inspiration in the design of natural polymer-based high-performance electro-actuators.

The encapsulation of catalysts within hosts is a strategy to tune their reactivity. Here, the authors encapsulate a gold cluster within a porous cage and study its reactivity.

Fe3C nanoparticles hold promise as catalysts and nanozymes, but their low activity and complex preparation have hindered their use. Herein, this study presents a synthetic alternative toward efficient, durable, and recyclable, Fe3C-nanoparticle-encapsulated nitrogen-doped hierarchically porous carbon membranes (Fe3C/N–C). By employing a simple one-step synthetic method, we utilized wood as a renewable and environmentally friendly carbon precursor, coupled with poly(ionic liquids) as a nitrogen and iron source. This innovative strategy offers sustainable, high-performance catalysts with improved stability and reusability. The Fe3C/N–C exhibits an outstanding peroxidase-like catalytic activity toward the oxidation of 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine in the presence of hydrogen peroxide, which stems from well-dispersed, small Fe3C nanoparticles jointly with the structurally unique micro-/macroporous N–C membrane. Owing to the remarkable catalytic activity for mimicking peroxidase, an efficient and sensitive colorimetric method for detecting ascorbic acid over a broad concentration range with a low limit of detection (~2.64 µM), as well as superior selectivity, and anti-interference capability has been developed. This study offers a widely adaptable and sustainable way to synthesize an Fe3C/N–C membrane as an easy-to-handle, convenient, and recoverable biomimetic enzyme with excellent catalytic performance, providing a convenient and sensitive colorimetric technique for potential applications in medicine, biosensing, and environmental fields.

Abstract Herein, we report a waterproof anti‐SARS‐CoV‐2 protective film prepared by spray‐coating of an aqueous colloidal dispersion of poly(ionic liquid)/copper (PIL/Cu) composite nanoparticles onto a substrate. The PIL dispersion was prepared by suspension polymerization of 3‐dodecyl‐1‐vinylimdiazolium bromide in water at 70°C. The copper acetate salt was added into the PIL nanoparticle dispersion and in situ reduced into copper nanoparticles anchoring onto the PIL nanoparticles. Despite being waterborne, the PIL in bulk is intrinsically insoluble in water and the formed coating is stable in water. The formed surface coating by PIL/copper composite nanoparticles was able to deactivate SARS‐CoV‐2 virions by 90.0% in 30 minutes and thus may effectively prevent the spread of SARS‐CoV‐2 through surface contact. This method may provide waterborne dispersions for a broad range of antivirus protective surface coatings for both outdoor and indoor applications.

With increasing environmental concerns due to the anthropologic emissions of greenhouse gasses, especially carbon dioxide (CO2), the development of new technologies to capture the latter is of great public value. While amino-containing materials excel in capturing CO2, they generally suffer from a few limitations, namely, the high energy penalty for desorption and the obstacle to directly convert CO2 into valuable resources. In this context, molecular or polymeric compounds based on N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have emerged as versatile alternatives to efficiently sequester CO2. NHCs are among the most investigated reactive species in chemistry: not only have they been intensively used as ligands for transition metal catalysts but also they exhibit a rich chemistry, either as true reagents or as organic catalysts. However, their air- and moisture-sensitivity represents a limitation to their use in synthesis. As reviewed thereafter, NHCs can selectively react with CO2 forming stable adducts, in the form of zwitterionic betaine-type species, providing CO2 directly-on-site for further fixation. Advances in the use of NHCs in this field are illustrated in this paper with a special emphasis on integration of NHCs in materials enabling heterogeneous utilizations in capture and catalysis.

Polydopamine (PDA) depositions, inspired by mussel foot adhesive proteins, represent a versatile method for preparing separation membranes. However, PDA-based nanofiltration membranes are limited by the long preparation time and moderate flux. This work modulated PDA deposition processes with a spiro-piperazine (SPIP) molecule containing two secondary amine groups and a quaternary ammonium salt. The SPIP could be covalently inserted into PDA coating structures via Michael addition reaction to accelerate the deposition process of PDA and reduce its aggregation. In addition, the rigid and spiro configuration of SPIP molecules provides higher fractional free volume and leads to looser and more uniform structures in the PDA coating. As such, water permeance of PDA/SPIP membranes is 73 ​L ​m−2 ​h−1 bar−1, 4.6 times improved compared with PDA control membranes, while the dye rejection (>99% for Congo red) is maintained high. These results demonstrate that SPIP is an effective molecule for the structure and performance engineering of mussel-inspired PDA nanofiltration membranes.

The engraving technique has grown in parallel with our human civilization, along with the targeted materials evolving from stone and metals to wood. Benefiting from the blossom of nanotechnology, the bulky nicking tools have downsized themselves to a micro-/nanoscale, such as laser beams, and the materials have been extended from traditional hard ones to soft functional nanomaterials. When ancient sculpture art meets modern advanced micro-/nano fabrication techniques and low-dimensional materials, impossible materials are born, which will redefine the functional scope of well-developed materials. Recently, a team from Tsinghua University reported such fascinating materials, graphene-based meta-aerogels, that process excellent elasticity, ultralight specific weight (down to 0.1 mg·cm−3), and superwide Poisson's ratio range (−0.95 vpeak

Abstract High‐frequency responsive capacitors with lightweight, flexibility, and miniaturization are among the most vital circuit components because they can be readily incorporated into various portable devices to smooth out the ripples for circuits. Electrode materials no doubt are at the heart of such devices. Despite tremendous efforts and recent advances, the development of flexible and scalable high‐frequency responsive capacitor electrodes with superior performance remains a great challenge. Herein, a straightforward and technologically relevant method is reported to manufacture a carbon fabric membrane “glued” by nitrogen‐doped nanoporous carbons produced through a polyelectrolyte complexation‐induced phase separation strategy. The as‐obtained flexible carbon fabric bearing a unique hierarchical porous structure, and high conductivity as well as robust mechanical properties, serves as the free‐standing electrode materials of electrochemical capacitors. It delivers an ultrahigh specific areal capacitance of 2632 µF cm−2 at 120 Hz with an excellent alternating current line filtering performance, fairly higher than the state‐of‐the‐art commercial ones. Together, this system offers the potential electrode material to be scaled up for AC line‐filtering capacitors at industrial levels.

Bilayer actuators, traditionally consisting of two laminated materials, are the most common types of soft or hybrid actuators. Herein, a nanomaterial‐based organic–inorganic humidity‐sensitive bilayer actuator composed of TEMPO‐oxidized cellulose nanofibrils (TCNF‐Na+) and reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sheets is presented. The hybrid actuator displays a large humidity‐driven locomotion with an atypical fast unbending. Cationic exchange of the anionically charged TCNF‐Na+ and control of the layer thickness is used to tune and dictate the locomotion and actuator's response to humidity variations. Assembly of a self‐oscillating electrical circuit, that includes a conductive rGO layer, displays autonomous on‐and‐off lighting in response to actuation‐driven alternating electrical heating.

Summary: The capability to build up stable, switchable catalysts for complex artificial systems that can mimic the responsiveness of biological systems to multiple triggers is highly desirable and challenging. Herein, we engineer such a system by physically locking catalytically active metal clusters (MCs) inside individual cationic molecular organic cages (I-Cages), where the responsive and task-specific counteranions of I-Cages impart MCs with a programmable gating effect. This allows for precise spatial and temporal control over chemical reactions by regulating accessibility of reagents to the MC sites. Following this strategy, we have successfully tailored catalytic activity of a series of model catalysis (e.g., methanolysis of ammonia borane, and the reduction of 4-nitroaniline) by employing light and pH stimuli, as well as their combination, for programmable-activity control.

Summary: Ti3C2Tx (MXene), a thriving member of the two-dimensional (2D) materials family, has shown increasing potential in a myriad of applications, ranging from printable electronics to energy storage and separation membranes. Nevertheless, the dilemma of its oxidative instability and the easy disintegration of its assemblies in contact with water has been restricting its real-life use. Here, we report the benefits of tartaric acid, a natural source, as a non-innocent additive in the MXene composite. In water, it can, above all, inhibit oxidation of Ti3C2Tx and hold individual components in the composite Ti3C2Tx/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxy thiophene):polystyrene sulfonate) (Ti3C2Tx/PEDOT:PSS) firmly together; equally important, it can boost 4-fold the composite’s electron conductivity in comparison to the additive-free equivalent. To showcase its practical value, a tartaric-acid-treated, water-stable MXene/PEDOT:PSS conductive coating is made, which serves as electrodes for an ultrafast supercapacitor; among all 2D materials-based assemblies, the designed supercapacitor delivers, to our knowledge, the record-high performance in an alternating-current filtering application.

Graphene and its derivatives are a classical group of two-dimensional (2D) building blocks possessing excellent mechanical and/or electrical properties in favor of preparing flexible electronic devices. Natural materials, such as nacre, provide inspiration and an exciting guideline for assembling 2D nanosheets into functional nanocomposites. In this context, despite recent advance, methods to assemble graphene-derived nanosheets into nanocomposites with the integrated enhancement of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity are eagerly pursued. Here, a rational design has been proposed and demonstrated, which utilizes synergistic supramolecular interactions between a polymeric additive and reduced graphene-oxide nanosheets to fabricate exceptional, integrated, strong, and tough nanocomposite films with high electrical conductivity. Such materials can be applied in areas such as, aerospace, artificial muscle, tissue engineering, and flexible electronics.

Abstract Antigravity water transport plays important roles in various applications ranging from agriculture, industry, and environmental engineering. In natural trees, ubiquitous water‐flow over 100 m high from roots through the hierarchical xylem to leaves is driven by sunlight‐powered continuous evaporation and the negative pressure. Inspired by natural trees, herein an artificial trunk‐leaf system is built up to structurally mimic natural trees for a continuous antigravity water delivery. The artificial tree consists of directional microchannels for antigravity water transport, and a top leaf‐like hybrid hydrogel that are acts as continuous solar steam evaporator, plus a purposely engineered steam collector. It is found that continuous uniform microchannels of acetylated chitin optimize and enhance capillary rise (≈37 cm at 300 min) and reduce vertical water transport resistance. A remote water harvesting, and purification is performed with a high rate of 1.6 kg m−2 h−1 and 184 cm in height under 1 sun irradiation and the collection efficiency up to 100% by evaporative cooling technique. It is envisioned that the basic design principles underlying the artificial tree can be used to transform solar energy into potential energy.

The design of soft actuators which show high sensitivity and allow for simultaneous interaction with multiple stimuli still remains a challenge. Here the authors demonstrate a highly sensitive proton actuator which allows monitoring of an entire process of chemical reactions that comprise multiple stimuli and operational steps.

Abstract The unusually broad physical and chemical property window of ionic liquids allows for a wide range of applications, which gives rise to the recent spring-up of ionic liquid-based functional materials. Via solvothermal copolymerization of a monomeric ionic liquid and divinylbenzene in the presence of a tissue paper in autoclave, we fabricated a flexible porous polymer/paper hybrid membrane. The surface areas of the hybrid membranes depend on the weight fraction of the copolymer impregnated inside the tissue paper. The as-prepared hybrid membrane shows controlled surface wettability in terms of ethanol wetting and ethanol removal by harsh drying condition. This unique property provides the hybrid membrane with switchable oil/water separation function, thus of practical values for real life application.

Hierarchical, nanoporous graphitic membranes are synthetically challenging yet attractive materials, due to their structural integrity. Here, the authors fabricate freestanding, porous carbon membranes with single-crystal-like graphitic order which serve as water splitting electrocatalysts upon cobalt doping.

CO2 sensors are very important; however, their performance is limited by stability and selectivity. This study unveils a capacitive CO2 sensor with a dielectric layer comprised of amine-functionalized cellulose nanofibril (CNF) foam, significantly enhanced by the addition of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU). The core innovation of this research lies in the strategic use of CNF-based foam, which leads to a substantial increase in sensor capacitance, setting a new standard in CO2 monitoring technologies. The sensor showcases exceptional performance under ambient conditions, with marked improvements in sensitivity towards CO2. The advancements are attributed to the chemisorption properties of the aminated CNFs combined with the DBU enhancement, facilitating more effective CO2 capture. By integrating these materials, we present a sensor that opens new avenues for environmental monitoring, healthcare diagnostics, and industrial safety, establishing a new benchmark for capacitive CO2 sensors in efficiency and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]