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Abstract Background Studies have shown that CCR7, an important inflammatory factor, can promote the proliferation and metastasis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), but its role in the tumor microenvironment (TME) remains unclear. This paper explores the role of CCR7 in the TME of OSCC. Methods In this work, we constructed CCR7 gene knockout mice and OSCC mouse models. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and bioinformatics were used to analyze the differences in the OSCC microenvironment between three CCR7 gene knockout mice (KO) and three wild-type mice (WT). Immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence staining, and flow cytometry were used to analyze the expression of key genes in significantly different cell types between the KO and WT groups. An in vitro experiment was used to verify the effect of CCR7 on M2 macrophage polarization. Results In the mouse OSCC models, the tumor growth rate in the KO group was significantly lower than that in the WT group. Eight main cell types (including tumor cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, granulocytes, T cells, endothelial cells, monocytes, and B cells) were identified by Seurat analysis. The scRNA-seq results showed that the proportion of tumor cells was lower, but the proportion of inflammatory cells was significantly higher in the KO group than in the WT group. CellPhoneDB analysis results indicated a strong interaction relationship between tumor cells and macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells. Functional enrichment results indicated that the expression level of the Dusp1 gene in the KO group was generally higher than that in the WT group in various cell types. Macrophage subclustering results indicated that the proportion of M2 macrophages in the KO group was lower than that in the WT group. In vitro experimental results showed that CCR7 can promote M2 macrophage polarization, thus promoting the proliferation, invasion and migration of OSCC cells. Conclusions CCR7 gene knockout can significantly inhibit the growth of mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma by promoting the polarization of M2 macrophages.

Introduction: Amygdalus mongolica (Maxim.) Ricker is a traditional Chinese medicine known for its ability to relieve cough and expectorate phlegm and is commonly used to treat dry throat, dry cough, and bronchitis. A. mongolica oil and amygdalin were the active components isolated from the seed kernel seeds of A. mongolica. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of A. mongolica oil and amygdalin on bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) in rats by integrating pharmacodynamic, transcriptomics, and bioinformatics, to determine the changes of miRNAs in both against PF, and to explore the underlying mechanisms. Methods: A rat model of PF was induced by administering bleomycin through the trachea. The rats were randomized into several groups: a control group (CON), an untreated model group (MOD), an active control group treated with pirfenidone (PFD), and groups receiving different doses of A. mongolica oil (5 g/kg [OIL-L], 10 g/kg [OIL-M], and 15 g/kg [OIL-H]), or amygdalin (20 mg/kg [AMY-L], 40 mg/kg [AMY-M], and 80 mg/kg [AMY-H]). After 28 days, samples were collected for subsequent pharmacodynamic and transcriptomic analyses. Results: The results demonstrated that A. mongolica oil and amygdalin effectively reduced the abnormally elevated levels of IL-1β, IL-6, HA, LN and COL-IV in PF rats and alleviated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrotic changes. Furthermore, compared to the MOD group, the expression levels of 27 miRNAs were up-regulated and 23 miRNAs were down-regulated in the OIL 10 g/kg group. Among the up-regulated miRNAs, two novel differentially expressed miRNAs (DE-miRNAs) were identified. In the AMY 20 mg/kg group, 12 miRNAs were up-regulated and 10 were down-regulated when compared to the MOD group. These DE-miRNAs were found to be enriched in pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, MAPK signalling pathway, and calcium signalling pathway. The microRNAs miR-301b-3p, miR-667-5p, miR-363-3p, and miR-540-3p may be associated with both the anti-PF mechanism of A. mongolica oil and the anti-PF mechanism of amygdalin. Discussion: Numerous studies have demonstrated the significance of various pathways, including PI3K-Akt, MAPK, and calcium signalling pathways, in the mechanism of PF and the development of anti-PF medications. Meanwhile, multiple miRNAs, including miR-301b-3p, miR-667-5p, miR-363-3p, and miR-540-3p, have been found to be associated with lung disease and fibrosis. Conclusions: The present experiments confirmed the effectiveness of A. mongolica oil and amygdalin in reducing inflammation and fibrosis in bleomycin-induced PF rats, with particularly favorable outcomes observed in the A. mongolica oil 10 g/kg versus amygdalin 20 mg/kg. Meanwhile, miRNAs miR-301b-3p, miR-667-5p, miR-363-3p and miR-540-3p were found to be potentially associated with both A. mongolica oil and amygdalin anti-PF mechanisms. Based on our findings, we suggest that these miRNAs might play key roles in the anti-PF mechanism of A. mongolica. The individual miRNAs require further investigation.

Background: Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common head and neck cancer, being one of the leading causes of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide. CC Chemokine receptor 7(CCR7) is a multifunctional G protein-coupled trans-membrane chemokine that affects immune cell chemotaxis, migration, and cancer progression through its interaction with its ligands C-C motif chemokine ligand 19(CCL19) and C-C motif chemokine ligand 21(CCL21). Numerous studies have demonstrated the involvement of CCR7 in the malignant progression of a variety of cancers, reflecting the pro-cancer properties of CCR7. The Cancer Genome Atlas data suggests CCR7 has elevated expression in oral cancer. Specifically, CCR7 expression in tumor microenvironment (TME) may regulate the ability of some immune cells to engage in anti-tumor immune responses. Since CD8+ T cells have become a key immunotherapeutic target, the role of CCR7 in antitumor immune response of naïve CD8+ T cells in TME has not been thoroughly investigated. Methods: A CCR7 knockout mouse model was constructed, and the mechanism of ccr7 on the regulation of tumor microenvironment by naïve CD8+ T cells was verified under the guidance of single-cell RNA sequencing combined with in vivo animal experiments and in vitro cell experiments. Results: CCR7 is knocked out with impaired tumor growth and altered CD8+ T cell profiles, revealing the importance of this protein in OSCC. Conclusions: Inhibition of CCR7 enhances CD8+ T cell activation, proliferation, and anti-tumor function, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic target.

Peanut kernels, known for their high nutritional value and palatability, are classified as nut food. In this study, peanut kernel samples from six distinct cities in Shandong Province, China, were examined to categorize and trace their origins. Near-infrared (NIR) spectra of samples were captured using a portable NIR-M-R2 spectrometer. After the application of Savitzky-Golay (SG) filtering, the classification was attempted using principal component analysis (PCA) plus linear discrimination analysis (LDA). Additionally, maximum uncertainty linear discriminant analysis (MLDA) was applied for comparison. A specific number of eigenvectors could respectively maximize the classification accuracies, 81.48% for PCA + LDA and 76.54% for MLDA. In order to further improve the classification accuracies, Adaboost-MLDA was proposed to develop a stronger classifier. This method, after 18 iterations, achieved remarkable effects, achieving a high accuracy of 95.06%. In a similar vein, the enhancement with preprocessing techniques multiplicative scatter correction (MSC) + SG and standard normal variate (SNV) + SG raised accuracies to 98.77% and 97.53%, respectively. The results of classifying first-order and second-order derivative spectra using Adaboost-MLDA were also described, achieving accuracies near 100%. The experiment demonstrates that integrating Adaboost with NIR spectroscopy offers a highly accurate method for peanut kernel classification, promising for practical applications in food quality control.

Workers' unsafe behavior is a primary cause leading to falling accidents on construction sites. This study aimed to explore how to utilize psychophysiological characteristics to predict consciously unsafe behaviors of construction workers. In this paper, a psychological questionnaire was compiled to measure risky psychology, and wireless wearable physiological recorders were employed to real-timely measure the physiological signals of subjects. The psychological and physiological characteristics were identified by correlation analysis and significance test, which were then utilized to develop unsafe behavior prediction models based on multiple linear regression and decision tree regressor. It was revealed that unsafe behavior performance was negatively correlated with task-related risk perception, while positively correlated with hazardous attitude. Subjects experienced remarkable increases in skin conductivity, while notable decreases in the inter-beat interval and skin temperature during consciously unsafe behavior. Both models developed for predicting unsafe behavior were reliably and well-fitted with coefficients of determination higher than 0.8. Whereas, each model exhibited its unique advantages in terms of prediction accuracy and interpretability. Not only could study results contribute to the body of knowledge on intrinsic mechanisms of unsafe behavior, but also provide a theoretical basis for the automatic identification of workers’ unsafe behavior.

Abstract As the crucial dimension (CD) of logic circuits continues to shrink, the photoresist metrics, including resolution, line edge roughness, and sensitivity, are faced with significant challenges. Photoresists are indispensable in the integrated circuit manufacturing industry, and specifically in achieving smaller critical dimensions. In this study, the effects of two categories of photosensitive compounds on lithography performance are explored, through a series of sulfonium salt‐based photoacid generators (PAGs) with diverse reactivity and photodegradable nucleophiles (PDNs) with varying nucleophilicity. The detailed characterization and exposure experiments suggest that the reactive alterations of different PAGs are mostly associated with the amount of phenyl composed of cations in PAGs. The “PDN first, PAG second” strategy, which employs a combination of low reactivity PAG and high reactivity PDN and involves PDN decomposition first and PAG decomposition second in the electron beam lithography process, achieves high sensitivity (100–270 µC cm−2), high resolution (25 nm 1:1 line/space, L/S), and low line edge roughness (LER ≤ 3.3 nm) stripes. This approach outperforms conventional formulations and may provide a potentially effective and useful strategy to improve electron beam photoresists.

Abstract Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) play a crucial role in the development of the taste, texture, and aroma of traditional fermented milk products. Five LABs from Kazakh traditionally prepared dairy products showed continuous subculture stability, as well as proper acidification and coagulation ability. They were identified as Pediococcus pentosaceus (1–5, 1–7), Enterococcus faecium (1–19), and Lactobacillus plantarum (1–12, 1–15). Their coagulation time and acidity values ranged from 5.97 to 12.78 h and 76.47 to 89.39°T. Yogurts prepared with L. plantarum were more condensed and textural integrity than those with P. pentosaceus and E. faecium. Determination of the volatile compound profiles suggested a higher diversity of volatile compounds than the control. The sensory evaluation presented positive overall sensory quality scores for the yogurts prepared with 1–12 and 1–15. The results provide additional information regarding the contributions of native LABs to the unique flavor and sensory qualities of traditionally prepared milk products. They may help to select starters or adjunct starters for developing distinctive, traditional nomadic fermented milk to satisfy consumer demand and increase market acceptability.

Chlorophyll content in plant leaves is an essential indicator of the crop growth status. This study focuses on nondestructive estimation of the chlorophyll content of maize using near ground multispectral data. We propose a one-dimensional convolutional neural network-gated recurrent unit (1-D-CNN-GRU). That is, it combines a 1D-CNN with strong feature expression capacity and strong memory capacity with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) neural network to estimate the chlorophyll content of maize directly from multispectral images. Furthermore, the iteratively retaining informative variables-successive projections algorithm (IRIV-SPA) is first used to select the feature wavebands from the 11 available wavebands of the two datasets in the experiment. The experimental results show that the selected feature wavebands are more accurate than the raw wavebands when using the same model; based on these feature wavebands, the 1D-CNN-GRU model has smaller errors than the other conventional models such as support vector regression (SVR) and random forest (RF), with an mean relative error (MRE) of 0.069, root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.473 on Datasets I, and an MRE of 0.108, RMSE of 7.568 on Datasets II. The real-time performance is also validated in the experiment. These investigations can provide valuable guidelines for online monitoring of chlorophyll content in maize based on near earth multispectral band data, and are also important references for the development of intelligent agricultural monitoring systems for general crops, which were tested on maize only and provided reliable results in this study.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of different doses of octreotide in the treatment of patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Methods A total of 154 patients with SAP who were admitted to our hospital from October 2018 to October 2022 were enrolled and randomly divided into observation group and control group, with 77 patients in each group. In addition to the conventional treatment methods including ulinastatin, the patients in the control group received intravenous drip of 0.6 mg octreotide, and those in the observation group received intravenous drip of 1.2 mg octreotide, once a day for 12 consecutive days. The two groups were compared in terms of overall response rate, proportion of patients with adverse reactions, time to clinical symptom disappearance, and time to normalization of blood amylase on day 12 of treatment, as well as the changes in the serum levels of inflammatory factors [C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)], the levels of T lymphocytes, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) score, and modified CT severity index (MCTSI) score. Results The observation group had a significantly higher overall response rate than the control group (χ2=5.140,P0.05). Conclusion High-dose octreotide can effectively improve the treatment outcome of patients with SAP, enhance their immune function, and reduce inflammatory response with a favorable safety profile, and therefore, it holds promise for clinical application.