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Supplemental material, sj-docx-1-tan-10.1177_17562864231162420 for Therapeutic efficacy and safety of plasmapheresis in elderly patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder: a single-center observational study by Weihe Zhang, Yujuan Jiao, Lei Cui, Yeqiong Zhang, Jinsong Jiao, Ming Jin, Wei Yuan, Yang You, Renbin Wang and Dantao Peng in Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders

Catechol and hydroquinone are very important fine chemical intermediate products, which have a wide range of applications. The hydroxylation of phenol with hydrogen peroxide to produce dihydroxybenzene is a mild and environmental friendly route. In this work, FSM-16 modified by iron (Fe/FSM-16) is used as a catalyst. With Fe content of 5% (wt), phenol to H2O2 ratio of 3:1, reaction temperature of 60 °C, catalyst amount of 0.1 g and reaction time of 6 h, phenol conversion of 29.1% and dihydroxybenzene selectivity (catechol/hydroquinone = 1.6) of 93.5% are achieved. The results are close to that of TS-1 which is used in industry production and shows good prospects for industrial applications. The characterizations revealed that the Fe/FSM-16 could be reusable and stable.

The aim of this study is to study the clinical, laboratory, imaging pathology, and prognosis features of IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis. We worked with a 55-year-old man suffering from IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis who had the most widespread lesion in his dura mater. We also review previous related studies and discuss the clinical characteristics of this rare disease. In total, eight IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis patients have been reported in the literature since 2009. They were mostly male patients, 51.7 ± 11.9 years old on average. Cervical and thoracic vertebrae were the most common sites for lesions. The most prominent symptom was varying numbness and weakness of the limbs and/or body associated with spinal cord compression. There was one patient (1/5) with elevated serum IgG4 levels and three patients (3/3) with increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IgG4 index. Positive histopathologic findings are the strongest basis for a diagnosis. All the patients with IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis responded well to glucocorticoid therapy. IgG4-related spinal pachymeningitis is an orphan disease that mainly occurs in cervical and thoracic vertebrae. Older males are the most susceptible group. Serum IgG4 levels were consistently normal in these cases, so analysis of CSF for IgG4 production (IgG4 index) could become a useful tool. Pathological findings remain the gold standard for diagnosis. Most patients responded favorably to glucocorticoid treatment.

Two heptanuclear trigonal prismatic polyhedra, [EuCu6(-OH)(3)(Gly)(6)Im(6)](ClO4)(6)3H(2)O and [SmCu6(-OH)(3)(Gly)(6)Im(6)](ClO4)(6)3H(2)O were synthesized through self-assembly of Eu3+(Sm3+), Cu2+, glycine, and imidazole in aqueous solution and characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Both complexes crystallize in the rhombohedral R3 space group (a=b=15.8673 angstrom, c=23.4038 angstrom, V=5103.0(6)angstrom(3), Z=3) and (a=b=15.8749 angstrom, c=23.455 angstrom, V=5119.1(8)angstrom(3), Z=3). In the clusters, Sm3+ and Eu3+ ions are situated in the center of a prism formed by six copper ions and coordinate to nine oxygens with a tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination polyhedron. Six glycinato ligands and six imidazole terminal ligands (each coordinates to one Cu2+) construct the cluster. The fluorescent excitation and emission spectra showed that the complexes have strong ligand-based fluorescence.

Direct hydroxylation of benzene to phenol using molecular oxygen is a green route with high atom economy but still a great challenge when compared with the existing method of production. The activation of oxygen is necessary and reductive agents were used to activate dioxygen in a so-called “reductive activation” process. Here, nano vanadium oxides that consist mainly of low valence vanadium to activate dioxygen were prepared under different conditions via a hydrothermal method. Under the optimized conditions, an excellent phenol selectivity of 96.3% with benzene conversion of 4.2% was achieved over the VOC2O4–N-5 without reductive agents. Characterizations revealed that VOC2O4–N-5 was composed of a mesoporous nanosphere structure with medium strong acid sites and low valence vanadium species. A mechanism was proposed as follows: dioxygen was activated by low valence vanadium in VOC2O4–N-5 to produce the active oxygen species which oxidized acetic acid to peracetic acid. Then the active oxygen species was subsequently transferred from peracetic acid to benzene and inserted into the C–H bond to give phenol.

Short transverse myelitis (STM;3 vertebral segments) is considered noncharacteristic of neuromyelitis optica (NMO) spectrum disorders (NMOSDs). Nonappreciation of the potential for STM to occur in NMOSD may lead to increased disability from delay in diagnosis and appropriate treatment.To determine the frequency of short lesions at the initial myelitis manifestation of NMOSD and to compare the demographic, clinical, and radiological characteristics of aquaporin-4-IgG (AQP4-IgG) seropositive and seronegative STM.We reviewed the records and images of patients at the Mayo Clinic who were identified as AQP4-IgG positive from 1996 to 2014. Inclusion criteria were first STM episode, magnetic resonance imaging performed 90 days or less from symptom onset, spinal cord T2-hyperintense lesion less than 3 vertebral segments, AQP4-IgG seropositivity, and a final diagnosis of NMO or NMOSD. Patients with an initial longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis were excluded (n = 151). Patients with STM who were seronegative for AQP4-IgG among an Olmsted County population-based cohort of inflammatory demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system were used as a control group.Delay to diagnosis in months, clinical and radiological characteristics, and disability measured by ambulatory status.Twenty-five patients who were AQP4-IgG seropositive with an initial STM represented 14% of initial myelitis episodes among patients with NMOSD. The STM episode was defined as the first manifestation of NMOSD in 10 patients (40%) preceded by optic neuritis in 13 patients (52%) and preceded by a nausea and vomiting episode in 2 patients (8%). In comparison with the excluded patients with NMOSD who had an initial longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis, delay to diagnosis/treatment was greater when initial lesions were short (P = .02). In AQP4-IgG-positive STM cases, subsequent myelitis episodes were longitudinally extensive in 92%. Attributes more common in patients with AQP4-IgG-positive STM than in 27 population-based patients with AQP4-IgG-negative STM included the following: nonwhite race/ethnicity; tonic spasms; coexisting autoimmunity; magnetic resonance imaging (central cord lesions, T1 hypointensity, and a brain inconsistent with multiple sclerosis); and cerebrospinal fluid (oligoclonal bands lacking).Short transverse myelitis is not uncommon in NMOSD and, when it is present, delays diagnosis and treatment. Clinical and radiological characteristics identified in this study may help select patients with STM who are at the highest risk for an NMOSD. Short transverse myelitis does not exclude consideration of AQP4-IgG testing or NMOSD diagnosis.