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Objective To explore the associations of triglyceride-glucose（TyG） index with the degree of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy（NPDR） in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus（T2DM）. Methods The clinical data and laboratory results of 235 T2DM patients treated in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi‘an Medical University from January 2018 to June 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the fundus conditions, the patients were divided into without diabetic retinopathy(DR) group(NDR group, n=75), stage Ⅰ DR group（n=77）, stage Ⅱ DR group（n=59） and stage Ⅲ DR group（n=24）. TyG indexes were calculated and compared among the groups to analyze the risk factors affecting NPDR and the predictive value of TyG index to NPDR. Results There were statistical differences in TyG index between DR groups and NDR group（P

Aquaculture is easily to cause eutrophication and antibiotic pollution in water.However, there is currently no systematic study on the impact of aquaculture wastewater dischargeon the surrounding environment in China. This paper systematically introduces the causes ofeutrophication and antibiotic pollution in aquaculture and the eco-environmental risk ofwastewater discharge on surrounding water through literature review and data analysis, and putsforward the suggestions on prevention & treatment of wastewater discharge of aquaculture from fouraspects such as technical methods, aquaculture models, management methods and policies.

Solar cooling systems are widely used in the building sector, as they can utilize low-grade solar energy to reduce carbon emissions. To improve the thermodynamic performance and economic performance of solar cooling systems, solar cooling systems driven by photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) collectors have been widely studied. This paper reviews the recent research on the technological improvement of PVT collectors, the development of thermally driven cooling cycles, and the performance of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors. Innovative heat sink structures and the utilization of a high-thermal-conductivity coolant are employed to increase the solar-energy-conversion efficiency of PVT collectors. The use of thermal and mechanical two-stage compression and cascade cooling expands the lower temperature limit of the heat source required for the solar cooling cycle. In addition, specific examples of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors are reviewed to explore their thermodynamic and economic performance. Finally, the technical developments in and prospects of different types of PVT collectors and solar cooling systems are explored in an attempt to provide some insight to researchers. This study shows that the PVT collector's electrical and thermal efficiencies can be improved by 0.85–11% and 1.9–22.02%, compared to those of conventional PV systems and PVT systems based on water cooling, respectively. Furthermore, the lower limit of the heat source temperature for the new thermally driven cooling system expands by 4–20 °C. Finally, the performances of solar cooling systems driven by PVT collectors show a minimum payback period of 8.45–9.3 years, which proves favorable economic feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To observe the role and mechanism of autophagy in retinal pigment epithelial cell (RPE) damaged by high glucose, so as to offer a new idea for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy (DR)., Methods: ARPE-19, a human RPE cell line cultured in vitro was divided into the normal control (NC), autophagy inhibitor 3-methyladenine (3-MA), high-glucose (HG), and HG+3-MA groups. Cell viability was detected by CCK-8 assay and the apoptosis rate was measured by flow cytometry. The protein expressions of apoptosis markers, including Bax, Bcl-2, and Caspase-3, as well as autophagy marker including microtubule-related protein 1 light chain 3 (LC3), p62, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) were detected by Western blotting. Autophagic flux was detected by transfection with Ad-mCherry-GFP-LC3B., Results: Under high glucose conditions, the viability of ARPE-19 was decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased, the protein expressions of Bax, Caspase-3, and LC3-II/LC3-I were all increased and the expressions of Bcl-2, p62 and p-mTOR decreased, and autophagic flux was increased compared with that of the controls. Treatment with 3-MA reversed all these changes caused by high glucose., Conclusion: The current study demonstrates the mechanisms of cell damage of ARPE-19 through high glucose/mTOR/autophagy/apoptosis pathway, and new strategies for DR may be developed based on autophagy regulation to manage cell death of RPE cells., (International Journal of Ophthalmology Press.)