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Abstract Background Urinary incontinence (UI) is a prevalent, health-threatening condition that causes isolation and psychological strain, leading to significant personal distress. The connection between the triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI) and UI remains elusive. The purpose of the current research was to investigate any possible relationships between raised TyG-BMI levels and a higher likelihood of UI. Methods For a thorough examination, adults 20 years and older with UI were included in cross-sectional research using the data obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2001 to 2018. Our investigation centred on three of the significant varieties of UI: Urgent Urinary Incontinence (UUI), Mixed Urinary Incontinence (MUI), and Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI), employing weighted multivariate logistic regression models for an in-depth evaluation. The TyG-BMI, a possible biomarker, was arranged in increasing order among participants and then assessed with a trend test (P for trend). Moreover, this investigation delved into the non-linear relationships using advanced smoothed curve fitting techniques. Meticulous subgroup analyses were executed to verify the uniformity of the UI and TyG-BMI relationship across diverse demographic groups. Results A thorough investigation was conducted with 18,751 subjects to analyze the prevalence and types of UI, showing that 23.59% of individuals suffered from SUI, 19.42% from UUI, and 9.32% from MUI. Considering all possible confounding variables, Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed a substantial relationship between elevated TyG-BMI values and a greater likelihood across all UI categories. Specifically, stratifying the TyG-BMI into quartiles revealed a pronounced positive correlation in the top quartile relative to the bottom, reflected in increased odds ratios for SUI, UUI, and MUI (SUI: OR = 2.36, 95% CI 2.03–2.78, P

To address the challenges of low detection rate and high missed detection rate of military aircraft in current complex remote sensing data, and to meet the requirements of real-time detection and easy deployment of models, this article introduces DET-you only look once (YOLO), an innovative detection model. First, to tackle the issue of reduced accuracy in identifying small targets amidst intricate backgrounds, a novel feature extraction component, C2f_DEF, was devised. This module replaced all existing C2f components within YOLOv8n, thereby significantly enhancing the model's ability to cope with complicated environmental contexts. Second, to achieve the functionality of easy deployment of the model, some deep structures were simplified to make the model more lightweight. Afterward, to further improve the model's ability to handle complex backgrounds and dense environments in remote sensing images and to improve the model's detection accuracy for military aircraft, the DAT module was embedded in the model. Finally, this article also optimized the loss function and reg_max to further reduce computational costs while improving the detection accuracy of the model. To verify the effectiveness and strong universality of DET-YOLO, extensive experimental verification was conducted on three publicly available datasets, namely MAR20, NWPU VHR-10, and NEU-DET. On the MAR20 dataset, compared with other advanced models, DET-YOLO achieved the highest mAP0.5 (namely 94.7%) with only 80 training epochs while meeting lightweight and real-time requirements. While on the other two datasets, DET-YOLO also achieved the best detection performance.

There is a research gap in understanding people's perceived risks and their commute mode shifts after the major shift in anti-pandemic policies. Our study aims to reveal the relationship between commuters' perceived risks and their commuting mode transfers in the specific context of canceling anti-pandemic policies. We conducted an online sample survey of residents in 6 neighborhoods after one month the lifting of anti-pandemic policies in Kunming, China.Measured perceived risk data suggested that a perceived risk score of 23 ∼ 30 accounted for 62 % of the respondents, who were defined as the high-perceived risk group; while the perceived risk score of 14 ∼ 22 accounted for 36 % of the respondents, who were defined as the middle-perceived risk group; only 2 % of respondents with a perceived risk score of 6 ∼ 14. Commuting mode transfer statistics showed that 22.2 % of the respondents switched from other commuting modes to private cars, of which 56.1 % came from public transportation. Conversely, out of 81 car commuters, only 3 respondents moved to other commuting modes.We used nonparametric tests to find that there were group differences in commuting mode shifts. Specifically, the proportion of commuters with high-perceived risk levels shifted from other travel modes to private cars was 11% larger than that of commuters with middle-perceived risk levels. Public commuters were more likely to switch to car commuting than active commuters. The nonparametric test results also showed that single variables such as car ownership, commute distance, age, and marital status was significantly correlated with the distribution of the shifting in commuting mode. Furthermore, we employed a binary logistic regression model to reveal that commuters with higher perceived risk levels, longer commuting distances, or car ownership were more likely to switch from other travel modes to private cars than other commuters.The conclusion of this study is that the lifting of COVID-19 pandemic prevention and control policies increases the perceived risk level of commuters, which pushes them to switch to private car commuting. It is necessary to pre-estimating people's perceived risk level, and pre-judging changes in daily commute behaviors before deciding to cancel the anti-pandemic policies.

Cellular metabolism-induced epigenetic regulation is essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is emerging as a key point of intersection between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation and has a central role in various physiological and pathological processes. NNMT catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM) to yield S-adeno-syl-L-homocysteine (SAH) and N1-methylnicotinamide (MNAM), directly linking methylation balance with nicotinamide adenosine dinucleotide (NAD+) contents. NNMT acts on either the SAM-methylation balance or both NAD+ metabolism, depending on the tissue involved or pathological settings where metabolic demand is increased. Under physiological conditions, the liver act as an essential metabolic organ with abundant NNMT expression, while NNMT hepatic function is not mediated by its methyltransferase activity due to other major methyltransferases such as glycine N-methyltransferase (GNMT) in the liver. However, hepatic NNMT, as well as its metabolite is improperly regulated and linked to the worse pathological states in liver diseases, including alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), suggesting a potential role in the process of liver diseases. In this review, we summarize how NNMT regulates cell methylation balance and NAD metabolism, and extensively outline the current knowledge concerning the functions of NNMT in hepatic metabolism including glucose, lipid and energy, with a specific focus on the contribution of NNMT to the pathophysiology of liver-related diseases. NNMT is involved in the development and progression of liver diseases. Understanding the complex NNMT regulatory network and its effects on pathogenesis could provide new therapeutic strategies in the context of liver diseases.

The visual measurement of deep holes in composite material workpieces constitutes a critical step in the robotic assembly of aerospace components. The positioning accuracy of assembly holes significantly impacts the assembly quality of components. However, the complex texture of the composite material surface and mutual interference between the imaging of the inlet and outlet edges of deep holes significantly challenge hole detection. A visual measurement method for deep holes in composite materials based on the radial penalty Laplacian operator is proposed to address the issues by suppressing visual noise and enhancing the features of hole edges. Coupled with a novel inflection-point-removal algorithm, this approach enables the accurate detection of holes with a diameter of 10 mm and a depth of 50 mm in composite material components, achieving a measurement precision of 0.03 mm.

Objective: To investigate and analyse the quality of life (QoL) of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) undergoing maintenance haemodialysis (MHD), explore influencing factors and provide a basis for formulating corresponding intervention measures. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 190 patients with CKD undergoing MHD in hospital between March 2021 and March 2022. A general information questionnaire and the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form were used to collect data. The QoL scores of patients with CKD undergoing MHD were calculated and compared by t-test and analysis of variance. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyse the correlation between QoL scores and related factors. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was used to screen the influencing factors of QoL. Results: The total score of QoL of patients with CKD undergoing MHD was 59.32 ± 11.67, and the scores of physical component summary, mental component summary and kidney disease component summary were 50.21 ± 9.32, 48.76 ± 10.81 and 66.34 ± 12.76, respectively. The QoL scores of patients with CKD undergoing MHD were significantly different in age, education level, marital status, employment status, monthly income, dialysis frequency, dialysis duration and complications (p

The robotic drilling of assembly holes is a crucial process in aerospace manufacturing, in which measuring the normal of the workpiece surface is a key step to guide the robot to the correct pose and guarantee the perpendicularity of the hole axis. Multiple laser displacement sensors can be used to satisfy the portable and in-site measurement requirements, but there is still a lack of accurate analysis and layout design. In this paper, a simplified parametric method is proposed for multi-sensor normal measurement devices with a symmetrical layout, using three parameters: the sensor number, the laser beam slant angle, and the laser spot distribution radius. A normal measurement error distribution simulation method considering the random sensor errors is proposed. The measurement error distribution laws at different sensor numbers, the laser beam slant angle, and the laser spot distribution radius are revealed as a pyramid-like region. The influential factors on normal measurement accuracy, such as sensor accuracy, quantity and installation position, are analyzed by a simulation and verified experimentally on a five-axis precision machine tool. The results show that increasing the laser beam slant angle and laser spot distribution radius significantly reduces the normal measurement errors. With the laser beam slant angle ≥15° and the laser spot distribution radius ≥19 mm, the normal measurement error falls below 0.05°, ensuring normal accuracy in robotic drilling.

Aging is a biological process with a gradual decline in functional capacity, and this process often enhances the risk of chronic disease morbidity and mortality. With advanced age, the immune system undergoes a process of remodeling that can lead to a chronic inflammatory state, termed immunosenescence and inflammaging, respectively. Immunosenescence is accompanied by changes in the number, proportion, and functional capacity of the innate immune cells. The accumulation of dysfunctional immune cells and the presence of low-grade inflammation can lead to organ damage and expedite the aging process. The liver, crucial in regulating the body’s metabolism and immune function, is not exempt from these effects. Age-related modifications affect its immune function and regenerative abilities, potentially increasing the prevalence of age-related liver diseases. While aging’s impact on the liver is relatively less severe compared to other organ systems, it still experiences an infiltration of innate immune cells and heightened inflammation levels. This review will elaborate on how aging affects the liver’s innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages, dendritic cells, mast cells, and innate lymphoid cells. It will also explore potential strategies for delaying immunosenescence to alleviate these age-related changes.

The liver is the primary organ accountable for complex physiological functions, including lipid metabolism, toxic chemical degradation, bile acid synthesis, and glucose metabolism. Liver function homeostasis is essential for the stability of bodily functions and is involved in the complex regulation of the balance between cell proliferation and cell death. Cell proliferation-halting mechanisms, including autophagy and senescence, are implicated in the development of several liver diseases, such as cholestasis, viral hepatitis, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, liver fibrosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Among various cell death mechanisms, autophagy is a highly conserved and self-degradative cellular process that recycles damaged organelles, cellular debris, and proteins. This process also provides the substrate for further metabolism. A defect in the autophagy machinery can lead to premature diseases, accelerated aging, inflammatory state, tumorigenesis, and cellular senescence. Senescence, another cell death type, is an active player in eliminating premalignant cells. At the same time, senescent cells can affect the function of neighboring cells by secreting the senescence-associated secretory phenotype and induce paracrine senescence. Autophagy can promote and delay cellular senescence under different contexts. This review decodes the roles of autophagy and senescence in multiple liver diseases to achieve a better understanding of the regulatory mechanisms and implications of autophagy and senescence in various liver diseases.

In this work, we fabricated and characterized 4 × 4 parallel flip-chip AlGaN-based micro-LED arrays with varied mesa diameters of 120 µm, 100 µm, 80 µm, and 60 µm. The reported micro-LED arrays have a maximum bandwidth of 380 MHz and a peak wavelength of ∼275 nm. It is found that the electrical and optical characteristics of AlGaN-based micro-LED arrays show strong size dependence for ultraviolet communication (UVC). The differential resistance increases from 28.8 Ω to 112 Ω, the external quantum efficiency (EQE) is increased by ∼30%, and the bandwidth doubles as the diameter of individual micro-LED decreases from 120 µm to 60 µm. Our research proves that tailoring the mesa size of parallel flip-chip AlGaN-based micro-LED arrays can further enhance its bandwidth and promote its application in UVC.

Abstract Background In bladder cancer, up to 70% of patients will relapse after resection within 5 years, in which the mechanism underlying the recurrence remains largely unclear. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry were conducted. The assays of tumor sphere formation and tumor xenograft were further performed to assess the potential biological roles of ATF5 (activating transcription factor 5). Chromatin immunoprecipitation-qPCR and luciferase activity assays were carried out to explore the potential molecular mechanism. A two-tailed paired Student's t-test, χ2 test, Kaplan Meier and Cox regression analyses, and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients were used for statistical analyses. Results ATF5 is elevated in bladder urothelial cancer (BLCA) tissues, especially in recurrent BLCA, which confers a poor prognosis. Overexpressing ATF5 significantly enhanced, whereas silencing ATF5 inhibited, the capability of tumor sphere formation in bladder cancer cells. Mechanically, ATF5 could directly bind to and stimulate the promoter of DVL1 gene, resulting in activation of Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions This study provides a novel insight into a portion of the mechanism underlying high recurrence potential of BLCA, presenting ATF5 as a prognostic factor or potential therapeutic target for preventing recurrence in BLCA.

The detailed mechanisms of n-heptane and n-butanol were reduced for the target condition of ignition delay time using the direct relationship diagram method based on error transfer, the direct relationship diagram method based on coupling error transfer and sensitivity analysis, and the total material sensitivity analysis method. The reduced n-heptane (132 species and 585 reactions) and n-butanol (82 species and 383 reactions) were used to verify the ignition delay time and concentrations of the major species, respectively. The results showed that the reduced mechanism has a good prediction ability for the ignition delay time. The predicted mole fraction results of the major species were in good agreement. These reduced mechanisms were combined to finally construct a reduced mechanism for the n-heptane/butanol fuel mixture, which included 166 species and 746 reactions. Finally, the reduced mechanism was used to simulate the HCCI combustion mode, and the results showed that the reduced mechanism can better predict the ignition and combustion timings of HCCI under different conditions and maintain the ignition and combustion characteristics of the detailed mechanism; this indicates that the mechanism model constructed in this study is reliable.

Abstract Robotic grippers have been used in industry as end-effectors but are usually limited to operations in pre-defined workspace. However, few devices can capture irregularly shaped dynamic targets in space, underwater and other unstructured environments. In this paper, a novel continuum arm group mechanism inspired by the morphology and motions of sea anemones is proposed. It is able to dissipate and absorb the kinetic energy of a fast moving target in omni-direction and utilize multiple arms to wrap and lock the target without accurate positioning control. Wire-driven actuation systems are implemented in the individual continuum arms, achieving both bending motion and stiffness regulation. Through finite element method, the influence of different configurations of the continuum arm group on the capture performance is analyzed. A robotic prototype is constructed and tested, showing the presented arm group mechanism has high adaptability to capture targets with different sizes, shapes, and incident angles.

BackgroundACO1 and IREB2 are two homologous cytosolic regulatory proteins, which sense iron levels and change iron metabolism–linked molecules. These two genes were noticeably decreased in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC), which confer poor survival. Meanwhile, there is a paucity of information about the mechanisms and clinical significance of ACO1 and IREB2 downregulation in renal cancers.MethodsThe expression profiles of ACO1 and IREB2 were assessed using multiple public data sets via several bioinformatics platforms. Clinical and pathological information was utilized to stratify cohorts for comparison. Patient survival outcomes were evaluated using the Kaplan–Meier plotter, a meta-analysis tool. The correlations of ACO1 and IREB2 with ferroptosis were further evaluated in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA)–KIRC database. Tumor immune infiltration was analyzed using the CIBERSORT, TIMER, and GEPIA data resources. ACO1 antagonist sodium oxalomalate (OMA) and IREB2 inhibitor sodium nitroprusside (SNP) was used to treat renal cancer ACHN cells together with sorafenib.ResultsKIRC patients with low ACO1 or IREB2 contents exhibited a remarkably worse survival rate in contrast with those with high expression in Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Meanwhile, ACO1 and IREB2 regulate autophagy-linked ferroptosis along with immune cell invasion in the tumor microenvironment in KIRC patients. Blocking the activation of these two genes by their inhibitors OMA and SNP ameliorated sorafenib-triggered cell death, supporting that ACO1 and IREB2 could be participated in its cytotoxic influence on renal cancer cells.ConclusionACO1 and IREB2 downregulation in renal cancers were correlated with cancer aggressiveness, cellular iron homeostasis, cytotoxic immune cell infiltration, and patient survival outcomes. Our research is integral to verify the possible significance of ACO1 and IREB2 contents as a powerful signature for targeted treatment or novel immunotherapy in clinical settings.

ObjectiveTo explore the role of the respiratory therapy team in the treatment of patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) complicated with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) undergoing mechanical ventilation.MethodsA retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted, including 60 patients with AIDS complicated with PCP undergoing mechanical ventilation in our hospital from June 2019 to July 2020. In the process of patient respiratory monitoring, hospital transport, ventilator withdrawal, airway management, various aerosol treatments and controlled oxygen therapy, patients were divided into the control group and the case group according to whether the respiratory therapy team was involved or not (30 in the control group, 25 males and five females; 30 in the case group, 24 males and six females). The baseline data, mechanical ventilation time, hospitalization time and hospitalization expenses of the two groups were compared.ResultsThere was no statistically significant difference in baseline data between the case and control groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the control group, the case group had significantly shorter mechanical ventilation times and average hospitalization lengths and the average expenses decreased, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionThe participation of the respiratory therapy team in the mechanical ventilation treatment of patients with AIDS and PCP helps to shorten the mechanical ventilation time and the average length of hospitalization and reduce the hospitalization expenses of patients. It is expected to increase the cure rate of such patients and improve their prognosis.

Abstract Background VQ motif-containing (VQ) proteins are plant-specific proteins that interact with WRKY transcription factors and play important roles in plant growth, development and stress response. To date, VQ gene families have been identified and characterized in many plant species, including Arabidopsis, rice and grapevine. However, the VQ gene family in tea plant has not been reported, and the biological functions of this family remain unknown. Results In total, 25 CsVQ genes were identified based on the genome and transcriptome of tea plant, and a comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was performed. The CsVQ proteins all contained the typical conserved motif FxxhVQxhTG, and most proteins were localized in the nucleus. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the VQ proteins were classified into 5 groups (I, III-VI); the evolution of the CsVQ proteins is consistent with the evolutionary process of plants, and close proteins shared similar structures and functions. In addition, the expression analysis revealed that the CsVQ genes play important roles in the process of tea plant growth, development and response to salt and drought stress. Furthermore, a potential regulatory network including the interactions of CsVQ proteins with CsWRKY transcription factors and the regulation of upstream microRNA that is closely related to the above-mentioned processes is proposed. Conclusions The results of this study increase our understanding and characterization of CsVQ genes and their encoded proteins in tea plant. This systematic analysis provided comprehensive information for further studies investigating the biological functions of CsVQ proteins in various developmental processes of tea plants.

Abstract FK866 exhibits a protective effect on D-galactosamine (GaIN)/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and concanavalin A (ConA)-induced acute liver failure (ALF), but the mechanism by which FK866 affords this benefit has not yet been elucidated. Autophagy has a protective effect on acute liver injury. However, the contribution of autophagy to FK866-conferred hepatoprotection is still unclear. This study aimed to investigate whether FK866 could attenuate GaIN/LPS and ConA-induced ALF through c-jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK)-dependent autophagy. In vivo, Mice were pretreated with FK866 at 24, 12, and 0.5 h before treatment with GaIN/LPS and ConA. 3-methyladenine (3MA) or rapamycin were used to determine the role of autophagy in FK866-conferred hepatoprotection. In primary hepatocytes, autophagy was inhibited by 3MA or autophagy-related protein 7 (Atg7) small interfering RNA (siRNA). JNK was suppressed by SP600125 or Jnk siRNA. FK866 alleviated hepatotoxicity and increased autophagy while decreased JNK activation. Suppression of autophagy abolished the FK866-conferred protection. Inhibition of JNK increased autophagy and exhibited strongly protective effect. Collectively, FK866 could ameliorate GaIN/LPS and ConA-induced ALF through induction of autophagy while suppression of JNK. These findings suggest that FK866 acts as a simple and applicable preconditioning intervention to protect against ALF; autophagy and JNK may also provide therapeutic targets for ALF treatment.

Introduction: Irreducible atlantoaxial dislocation (IAAD) has been challenging for spine surgeons. Various methods have been used to treat IAAD, but no consensus has been reached. This study aimed to retrospectively analyze the efficacy of anterior submandibular retropharyngeal release and posterior reduction and fixation for IAAD. Methods: From March 2007 to May 2015, 13 patients diagnosed with IAAD underwent anterior submandibular retropharyngeal release and sequential posterior reduction and fixation. The operation time, blood loss, postoperative complications, and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were retrospectively recorded. Results: The surgeries were accomplished successfully. The mean operative time was about 3.8 h. The mean estimated blood loss was about 130 mL. The patients experienced postoperative pharyngeal pain. Only one patient had a vague voice and increased oral discharge postoperatively. At the final follow-up, JOA scores had significantly increased ( p < 0.05), and all the patients had solid bony fusion. Conclusion: The present study reinforces the efficacy and safety of anterior submandibular retropharyngeal release and posterior reduction and fixation for IAAD. It can achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes and is safe for experienced spine surgeons.

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) function as molecular chaperones. These proteins are encoded by a multigene family whose members play crucial roles in plant growth, development and stress response. However, little is known about the HSP gene superfamily in tea plant. In this study, a total of 47 CsHSP genes were identified, including 7 CsHSP90, 18 CsHSP70, and 22 CssHSP genes. Phylogenetic and composition analyses showed that CsHSP proteins in the same subfamily have similar gene structures and conserved motifs, but significant differences exist in the different subfamilies. In addition, expression analysis revealed that almost all CsHSP genes were specifically expressed in one or more tissues, and significantly induced under heat and drought stress, implying that CsHSP genes play important roles in tea plant growth, development, and response to heat and drought stress. Furthermore, a potential interaction network dominated by CsHSPs, including HSP70/HSP90 organizing protein (HOP) and heat shock transcription factor (HSF), is closely related to the abovementioned processes. These results increase our understanding of CsHSP genes and their roles in tea plant, and thus, this study could contribute to the cloning and functional analysis of CsHSP genes and their encoded proteins in the future.

Since Hardin's (1968) paper on the "Tragedy of the Commons," property rights of common-pool resources have been a central concern for natural resource management scholars. Matsutake, a common-pool resource, is an economically important mushroom in several locations around the world. Driven by growing international demand over the last few decades, matsutake management is a relatively new practice both for local communities and government agencies. In Northwest Yunnan, China, one of the most productive areas for matsutake globally, numerous local practices and systems have emerged in the last two to three decades. In this study, we investigate the differences between management systems in eight communities and the factors associated with them. The methods used for field research included key-informant interviews, household surveys, and questionnaires. Three main management patterns were identified through use of statistical clustering based on indicators such as physical environment, resource characteristics, tenure arrangements, regulations and implementation, harvesting behavior, income, and market regulation. It was found that private access - the principal characteristic of which is the exclusive use of resources - results in more income at lower labor cost per household than either of the other open-access management patterns. Even though under the context of ongoing Second Forest Tenure Reform in China - in which collective forest privatization is the key task - application of private-access regimes is limited because of site conditions including physical, institutional, and market environments. Common-access management systems have advantages in terms of managing conflict and balancing equity needs. No matter the type of access right, the key issue for wise matsutake management is institutional. Locally rooted innovative strategies should be encouraged, and institutional capacity building should be carried out to support innovations in matsutake management.