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Oral processing is a combination of various actions, the detailed description of which has always been the subject of relevant research. By means of imaging technology and sensory evaluation, more knowledge of oral processing have been accumulated. Presently, the advances in sensory technology have added quantitative parameters to the qualitative description of oral processing, which also enriched the specifics of each action. Previous studies have shown that oral processing includes lip closure, dental occlusion, masticatory muscles activity, tongue movement, and swallowing, whose processing contains rich information such as the movement of organ and the intensity of organ contacts. "Quantification" was taken in this review as the basic feature of in situ detection information, the relevant parameters and feasible methods for the quantitative description of each activity was recorded in detail. In addition, basic problems and feasible optimization schemes of the existing in situ detection device are also proposed in the hope of promoting the development of in situ detection device thus providing available information for the description of oral processing.

An optical imaging system often has problems of high complexity and low energy transmittance to compensate for aberrations. Here we propose a method to correct aberrations by coupling an optical subsystem with a digital subsystem. Specifically, in the global optimization process, the two subsystems correct their respective, easily handled aberrations so that the final imaging aberration is minimized. We design simple lenses with this method and assess imaging quality. In addition, we conduct a tolerance analysis for the proposed method and verify the effectiveness of deconvolution using a spatially varying point spread function (SVPSF) in the actual imaging process. Simulation results show the superiority of the proposed method compared with the conventional design and the feasibility of simplifying the optical system. Experimental results prove the effectiveness of deconvolution using SVPSF.

Eltrombopag (EPAG), a thrombopoietin receptor agonist, was approved for the treatment of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) combined with immunosuppressive therapy (IST). However, the effects of real-life use of low doses of EPAG combined with rabbit antithymocyte globulin (ATG)-based IST in Asian patients with SAA are yet unknown. A total of 121 previously untreated Chinese patients with SAA were enrolled in a multicenter registry of the Chinese Eastern Collaboration Group of Anemia (2014-2020): 67 patients received IST alone and 54 patients received additional EPAG. Patients receiving IST plus EPAG had a higher overall response rate (ORR) at 1 month (P = 0.002), 3 months (P = 0.028), 6 months (P = 0.006), and 12 months (P = 0.031) compared to those receiving IST alone. EPAG was the favorable factor for response efficacy at 6 months. The complete response rate in the EPAG plus IST group was 17% at 3 months, 27% at 6 months, and 32% at 12 months, compared to 7% (P = 0.069), 14% (P = 0.11), and 33% (P = 0.92) for those treated with IST alone. The 2-year overall survival rate in EPAG plus IST and IST alone groups was 98% and 88%, respectively (P = 0.078). The rate of adverse events, including clonal evolution, infection, and transaminitis, was similar in the two cohorts. The addition of EPAG to IST was well-tolerated and associated with high rates of hematologic responses among the previously untreated Chinese patients with SAA.

Recently reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a promising approach for quadrupedal locomotion, which can save the manual effort in conventional approaches such as designing skill-specific controllers. However, due to the complex nonlinear dynamics in quadrupedal robots and reward sparsity, it is still difficult for RL to learn effective gaits from scratch, especially in challenging tasks such as walking over the balance beam. To alleviate such difficulty, we propose a novel RL-based approach that contains an evolutionary foot trajectory generator. Unlike prior methods that use a fixed trajectory generator, the generator continually optimizes the shape of the output trajectory for the given task, providing diversified motion priors to guide the policy learning. The policy is trained with reinforcement learning to output residual control signals that fit different gaits. We then optimize the trajectory generator and policy network alternatively to stabilize the training and share the exploratory data to improve sample efficiency. As a result, our approach can solve a range of challenging tasks in simulation by learning from scratch, including walking on a balance beam and crawling through the cave. To further verify the effectiveness of our approach, we deploy the controller learned in the simulation on a 12-DoF quadrupedal robot, and it can successfully traverse challenging scenarios with efficient gaits.

Formaldehyde (HCHO) plays a vital role in atmospheric chemistry and O

Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form a mutualistic symbiosis with a majority of terrestrial vascular plants. To achieve an efficient nutrient trade with their hosts, AM fungi sense external and internal nutrients, and integrate different hierarchic regulations to optimize nutrient acquisition and homeostasis during mycorrhization. However, the underlying molecular networks in AM fungi orchestrating the nutrient sensing and signaling remain elusive. Based on homology search, we here found that at least 72 gene components involved in four nutrient sensing and signaling pathways, including cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (cAMP-PKA), sucrose non-fermenting 1 (SNF1) protein kinase, target of rapamycin kinase (TOR) and phosphate (PHO) signaling cascades, are well conserved in AM fungi. Based on the knowledge known in model yeast and filamentous fungi, we outlined the possible gene networks functioning in AM fungi. These pathways may regulate the expression of downstream genes involved in nutrient transport, lipid metabolism, trehalase activity, stress resistance and autophagy. The RNA-seq analysis and qRT-PCR results of some core genes further indicate that these pathways may play important roles in spore germination, appressorium formation, arbuscule longevity and sporulation of AM fungi. We hope to inspire further studies on the roles of these candidate genes involved in these nutrient sensing and signaling pathways in AM fungi and AM symbiosis.

Proactive human-robot interaction (HRI) allows the receptionist robots to actively greet people and offer services based on vision, which has been found to improve acceptability and customer satisfaction. Existing approaches are either based on multi-stage decision processes or based on end-to-end decision models. However, the rule-based approaches require sedulous expert efforts and only handle minimal pre-defined scenarios. On the other hand, existing works with end-to-end models are limited to very general greetings or few behavior patterns (typically less than 10). To address those challenges, we propose a new end-to-end framework, the TransFormer with Visual Tokens for Human-Robot Interaction (TFVT-HRI). The proposed framework extracts visual tokens of relative objects from an RGB camera first. To ensure the correct interpretation of the scenario, a transformer decision model is then employed to process the visual tokens, which is augmented with the temporal and spatial information. It predicts the appropriate action to take in each scenario and identifies the right target. Our data is collected from an in-service receptionist robot in an office building, which is then annotated by experts for appropriate proactive behavior. The action set includes 1000+ diverse patterns by combining language, emoji expression, and body motions. We compare our model with other SOTA end-to-end models on both offline test sets and online user experiments in realistic office building environments to validate this framework. It is demonstrated that the decision model achieves SOTA performance in action triggering and selection, resulting in more humanness and intelligence when compared with the previous reactive reception policies., Comment: Accepted to 2021 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (ICRA)

This study demonstrates the practical significance of context awareness theory in the interaction design of fire products. The environmental, user and task contextual data were collected by real-time monitoring and subjected to a dimensionless and comprehensive analysis. The context awareness model transformed the deep demands of users to statistically analyzable data in a simulated environment, and a product-function design list was established by combining main component analysis with the design criteria of fire products. By optimising the development of the software and hardware sides of fire products, this study guides the best function and interactive experience between humans and fire products.

Although biomass fuel has always been regarded as a source of sustainable energy, it potentially emits polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs). This study investigated PCDD/F emissions from industrial boilers fired with three types of biomass fuel (i.e., bagasse, coffee residue, and biomass pellets) via stack sampling and laboratory analysis. The measured mass concentrations of PCDD/Fs varied among the boilers from 0.0491 to 12.7 ng Nm−3 (11% O2), with the calculated average international toxic equivalent quantity (I-TEQ) from 0.00195 to 1.71 ng I-TEQ Nm−3 (11% O2). Some of them were beyond the limit value for municipal waste incineration. 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF could be used as a good indicator of dioxin-induced toxicity of stack flue gases from biomass-fired boilers. The PCDFs/PCDDs ratios were more than 1, likely indicating the formation of dioxins in the boilers favored by de novo synthesis. The emission factor (EF) of total PCDD/Fs averaged 5.35 ng I-TEQ kg−1 air-dry biomass (equivalent to 39.0 ng kg−1 air-dry biomass). Specifically, the mean EF was 6.94 ng I-TEQ kg−1 (52.6 ng kg−1) for biomass-pellet-fired boiler, 11.8 ng I-TEQ kg−1 (74.6 ng kg−1) for coffee-residue -fired boiler, and 0.0277 ng I-TEQ kg−1 (0.489 ng kg−1) for bagasse-fired boilers. The annual PCDD/F emission was estimated to be 208 g I-TEQ in 2020 in China, accounting for approximately 2% of the total national annual emission of PCDD/Fs. The results can be used to develop PCDD/Fs emission inventories and offer valuable insights to authorities regarding utilizing biomass in industry in the future.

At present, the research and application on material still stays in the primary stage in domestic, mainly by introducing the foreign advanced technology and experience, rare in independent research and new materials development of technology. Proceeding from our national conditions, we should focus on the materials which is resource conservation and economic. In recent years, when continuously develop the new materials, they do not forget to grasp of environmental protection at the same time abroad, a large number of energy conservation and environmental protection green harmless material has been created. Because of the boomy of China's real estate, decoration has become the most popular topic in people's life, according to the statistics, decoration output value exceed more than 300 billion yuan a year. Due to heavy pollution and poor effect, the previous materials already can't satisfy people's needs .New material has good performance and decorative effect, what is important is the character of green environmental protection, and it become the new hot consumption. The Characteristics And Development Of New Materials New decorative material is safe and environmental protection, has the advantages of superior performance, easy operation, low cost, predominant than other material. Supported by a great number of developers and consumers. Materials for exterior wall decoration. Decoration for Exterior wall is an important content of building decoration, materials for outer wall decoration generally have strong practicability. His purpose is to improve the ability to resist the attacking damage various nature factors such as dust, rain and snow, and freezing, and satisfy the function required such as heat insulation, sound insulation, waterproof, beautify, etc, with wall structure together. Common exterior wall decoration materials include: exterior wall coating: coating is refers to the material which can float on the surface and form tough protective film. Architectural coatings is an economic, simple construction, short time, high efficiency building decoration material, which adornment effect is good, easy maintenance. Ceramic decoration materials: ceramic wall is durable, colorful and has rich decorative effect, and easy to clean, fireproof, water resistance and abrasion resistance. The most important advantages is of corrosion resistance and low maintenance cost. The stone including natural veneer stone and artificial stone (marble, granite) , the effect of natural veneer stone for adornment is good, durable, but the cost is expensive. Artificial stone has a light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance, low price, convenient construction. Interior decoration materials. Interior wall decoration is a part of interior decoration. It can take both requirement of using and protecting structure into account. There have the Commonly used interior wall decoration materials: interior wall coating: various, colorful, fantastic effect . Facing stone: natural facing stone marble, is used for interior wall decoration mostly. And artificial veneer (artificial marble, prefabricated water tablets) is widely used in interior decoration too. Glazed tile: common glazed tile are white, color, printing color, color Mosaic and color murals, glazed tile has the character of surface smooth, beautiful, easy to clean, water resistance, waterproof. Interior wall decoration panel: there has plastic panel, fiber board, metal panels, plywood veneer, etc. 2nd International Conference on Economics, Social Science, Arts, Education and Management Engineering (ESSAEME 2016) © 2016. The authors Published by Atlantis Press 956 The Ground Adornment Material Ground adornment material should be security (refer to the stability and safety such as flame retardant, slip resistance, electric insulation, etc.), durable, comfortable (refers to the elastic when walking, sound insulation and sound-absorbing, etc.), decorative. The commonly used Decorative material has the following several kinds. The wood floor. It is a kind of traditional ground material. Wood floor is simple and concise, comfortable, elastic walking, beautiful, expensive. Which is a kind of more advanced ground decorates material. Stone. Stone floor mainly refers to natural marble and granite. They are elegant and luxuriant, adornment effect is good, but the price is expensive, it is a kind of advanced ground decorates material. Ceramic tile. Ceramic floor tile durable, colorful, easy to clean, fire prevention, corrosion resistance, so the application is very extensive. Plastic floor. Compared with paint, carpet, plastic floor usability is better, adaptation is strong, corrosion resistance, comfortable walking, adornment effect is good, and the price is moderate. If we want to achieve the target of updating architectural for via the change of material, we need to have a clear understanding of the material itself. It's like we must be familiar with the vocabulary before writing. We know more about traditional materials because of the mature processing and construction craft, but for new building materials, people know less relatively. The limitations awareness about new material greatly hinder the implementation of the designers. From the actual status of t architectural design in domestic, due to awareness lacking of material, there often appear follow trend phenomenon, brick, glass curtain, sheet metal, had been used in same trend form on the building materials. Caused the public's visual fatigue and disgust eventually. For this reason, we should also do more investigation, familiar with the development of new materials and features. There have profound theoretical system for each research and development for new material. Of course we don’t need to get fully understand about its principle and production process ,but what we should get comprehend is the character about the material , construct, suitable for which object and serviceable range, etc. In addition to learning the new material, we can still continue to exploit their features and performance of the traditional material, by varying structure to achieve innovation. The Exterior Wall Coating Coating is the liquid material generally refers to the composition of adhesive, coating liquid of additives and pigment directly connected with the object surface. Application of coating is very extensive, often used for building external walls, floor, ceiling, roof waterproofing, etc. The biggest characteristic of exterior wall coating is that it can well reflect the variation of the building blocks, can create the seamless effect in widespread. At the same time it can provide us with the abundant optional colors, the cost and construction technical requirements are relatively low. Because itself doesn't provide too much visual details, when take that in design, we should be deliberate about the block combination, color contrast. In the design, you can use a single color of paint and also use a variety of color combinations, single white coating can reduce the visual component of the outer wall material, purify the visual, can produce the feeling of pure and elegant aesthetic. White as the background, it can set out the details of the surroundings really. A large area of black can present a deep, mysterious visual effect, Because the contrast for light and dark is weak, usually it can hide some deficient details. Black used in large should pay attention to avoid the atmosphere of dreary and depressing. We can through the transparent glass material , local bright way to transfigure. A large area of grey paint can create soft artistic visual effect between white and black. Different color coating can create abundant visual effect. Many design success by the combination of the building blocks, coating

A large amount of one-dimensional ZnO nanorods with diameters in 15–50 nm aligned in radial cluster were successfully synthesized by polar polymer polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as soft-template. The growth of ZnO nanorods was controlled by changing annealing temperature. The evolution of the morphology and microstructure was investigated by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope and X-ray diffraction. It is shown that ZnO nanorods tend to be uniform and the crystallization is gradually improved with the temperature increasing from 400° to 700°. The photoluminescence spectra of products show a strong ultra violet emission and relatively weak defect emissions. The sharp strong emission peak at 354 nm owing to the inter-band transition indicates the extraordinary photoluminescence property of ZnO nanorods.

Interferon regulatory factor 4 (IRF4) is a member of the interferon regulatory family, which plays an important role in many lymphoid and myeloid malignancies. In the current study, using immunohistochemical staining, we found that IRF4 only expressed in plasma cells in bone marrow biopsy samples of multiple myeloma. IRF4-positive patients displayed increased disease stage (Durie-Salmon stage, p = 0.026; and International Staging System, p = 0.005). Silencing IRF4 in myeloma cell lines could inhibit myeloma cells proliferation and induce myeloma cell apoptosis, partly by JNK/Jun pathway. These results demonstrate that IRF4 plays important roles in myelomagenesis and disease progression.

Currently, DC motor of automatic doors speed regulating system utilizes PID control which has parameters tuning difficulties, poor stability, and imprecise control. To solve the above existent problem, this paper adopts the control strategy of fuzzy algorithm combining with PID control, introducing method of fuzzy PID control used in DC motor speed regulating system of automatic doors. Through establishing DC motor mathematical model, MATLAB simulation of PID control and fuzzy PID control are compared in this paper, the simulation results show the fuzzy PID control has fast dynamic response, high control precision, small overshoot and the control system is stable, its robustness and adaptability is strong. Control demand of the system can be satisfied and the safety operation of automatic doors can be ensured by fuzzy PID control.

Free-standing ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Cu,Al quantum dots were prepared in the aqueous medium from readily available precursors. The construction, morphology and luminescence properties of the ZnS:Cu and ZnS:Cu,Al quantum dots were evaluated by XRD,TEM and photoluminescence spectra. The average particle size was calculated using the Scherrer formula to be 5nm, which is also observed from HRTEM image. In PL spectra, 0.7% Cu and 0.4% Cu -doped ZnS:Cu quantum dots have emission peak around 470 nm and 500 nm, which attributed to the transition from the shallow donor level (sulfur vacancy) to the e level and t 2 level of Cu 2+ respectively. And PL spectra of ZnS:Cu,Al quantum dots is similar with the PL of ZnS:Cu quantum dots, but the luminescence intensity of quantum dots ZnS:Cu,Al increase, which arise from that Al 3+ ions as co-activated enhance donor level.

CPLD (Complex Programmable Logic Device) is an effective device to realize real-time parallel processing of batches of video data. In the paper, the real-time method for realizing some image enhancement algorithms in CPLD is described. It is based on Altera's ACEX 1K device that is modular enough to be used in many scientific and industrial applications and powerful enough to maintain the throughout required for real-time video enhancement.