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Humidity sensors have been widely used for humidity monitoring in industry and agriculture fields. However, the rigid structure, nondegradability, and large dimension of traditional humidity sensors significantly restrict their applications in wearable fields. In this study, a flexible, strong, and eco-friendly bacterial cellulose-based humidity sensor (BPS) was fabricated using a two-step method, involving solvent evaporation-induced self-assembly and electrolyte permeation. Rapid evaporation of organic solvent induces the formation of nanopores of the bacterial cellulose (BC) surface and promotes structural densification. Furthermore, the successful embedding of potassium hydroxide into the sophisticated network of BC effectively enhanced the sensing performance of BPS. The BPS exhibits an excellent humidity sensing response of more than 10

Aerogel is a solid material with a large specific surface area and ultra-high porosity, which is considered a promising candidate for thermoelectric (TE) devices due to its unique ultra-low thermal conductivity. Generally, aerogels prepared from common organic polymers usually have low mechanical strength. Bacterial cellulose (BC), a particular nanomaterial with good mechanical properties, can act as a significant component for preparing high-performance nanomaterials. This study prepared aerogel thermoelectric generator (TEG) based on BC, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), and single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT). The aerogel exhibits excellent mechanical properties with stresses of up to 241 KPa at 90% compressive deformation, and the output performance can be easily tuned by temperature difference and compressive strain. Additionally, the TE device consisting of a single aerogel achieves an optimal output power of 84 nW at 30% strain and 50 K temperature difference. This work takes into account both the high mechanical properties and TE performance of cellulose aerogels and elucidates the strengthening effect of the layered ordered inner structure of lignoid on TEG. TE aerogels exhibit excellent heat harvesting capability under both vertical temperature difference and mechanical deformation, which provides good insight for future design and application of multifunctional self-powered sensors.

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) has become curable over 95% patients under a complete chemo-free treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic trioxide in low-risk patients. Minimizing chemotherapy has proven feasible in high-risk patients. We evaluated oral arsenic and ATRA without chemotherapy as an outpatient consolidation therapy and no maintenance for high-risk APL. We conducted a multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study with consolidation phases. The consolidation therapy included Realgar–Indigo naturalis formula (60 mg/kg daily in an oral divided dose) in a 4-week-on and 4-week-off regimen for 4 cycles and ATRA (25 mg/m2 daily in an oral divided dose) in a 2-week-on and 2-week-off regimen for 7 cycles. The primary end point was the disease-free survival (DFS). Secondary end points included measurable resident disease, overall survival (OS), and safety. A total of 54 participants were enrolled at seven centers from May 2019. The median age was 40 years. At the median follow-up of 13.8 months (through April 2022), estimated 2-year DFS and OS were 94% and 100% in an intention-to-treat analysis. All the patients achieved complete molecular remission at the end of consolidation phase. Two patients relapsed after consolidation with a cumulative incidence of relapse of 6.2%. The majority of adverse events were grade 1–2, and only three grade 3 adverse events were observed. Oral arsenic plus ATRA without chemotherapy was active as a first-line consolidation therapy for high-risk APL.Trial registration: chictr.org.cn number, ChiCTR1900023309.

The application of the actual flight data of aircraft into the post identification and analysis of its parameters not only helps verify the model on ballistic parameters, but is also of utmost significance for assessing the accuracy of launching missiles and projectiles. To address the issue of coupling of time-varying parameters such as thrust and mass flow, the engine parameters are separated from the aerodynamic parameters based on the ballistic model of combustion chamber. To address the issue of the intersection between constant parameters and time-varying parameters, the initial mass deviation and the thrust deviation of aircraft are obtained through the global average approach. As shown by the simulation results, this method effectively enables the identification of parameters, and has theoretical significance and practical value during engineering application.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide, and it carries a poor prognosis. Clarifying the pathologic mechanisms of this disease will be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of HCC. LncRNA MEG8 is involved in several tumors but its role in HCC progression remains unknown. This study was designed to explore the role and regulatory mechanisms of MEG8 in HCC progression. MTT, EdU, wound-healing, and transwell assays were employed to analyze the proliferation, migration, and invasion of HCC cells. A luciferase assay was utilized to confirm the predicted binding site. RNA immunoprecipitation and co-immunoprecipitation were employed to verify the binding between MEG8 and miR-367-3p as well as 14-3-3ζ and TGFβR1. Real-time PCR and western blot were employed to detect the expression of interesting genes. Results revealed that MEG8 was increased in HCC tissues and cells, and was correlated with the poor prognosis of HCC patients. Inhibiting MEG8 significantly repressed the HCC cells' ability to proliferate, migrate, and invade. Moreover, MEG8 sponged miR-367-3p to upregulate 14-3-3ζ, the binding of which suppressed TGFβR1 degradation, thereby enhancing TGFβ signaling. In conclusion, this work exposed a novel role and regulatory mechanism of MEG8 in HCC and provided new insight into the treatment of HCC.

Rh(III)-Catalyzed enone carbonyl directed annulative coupling of α-aroyl ketene dithioacetals and diazo compounds has been realized via aryl and olefinic C–H bond activation. This transformation offers highly functionalized indanone derivatives bearing a quaternary carbon stereocenter at the β-position. The protocol exhibits high efficiency, broad substrate scope, and high compatibility with functional groups.

Photoinduced, copper-catalyzed three-component radical annulation of gem-dialkylthio enynes, cyclobutanone oxime esters, and boronic acids was achieved, forming highly functionalized aryl thienyl s...

Concise construction of furan and thiophene units has played an important role in the synthesis of potentially bioactive compounds and functional materials. Herein, an efficient Lewis acid ZnCl2 catalyzed [4+1] annulation of alkylthio-substituted enaminones is reported, that is, α-oxo ketene N,S-acetals with sulfur ylides to afford 2-acyl-3-aminofuran derivatives. In a similar fashion, [4+1] annulation of the corresponding enaminothiones, that is, α-thioxo ketene N,S-acetals, with sulfur ylides efficiently proceeded to give multisubstituted 3-aminothiophenes. This method features wide substrate scopes as well as broad functional group tolerance, offering a concise route to highly functionalized furans and thiophenes.

An efficient PhIO-mediated oxidative C═C bond cleavage and reassembly of enaminone toward oxazolone with high regioselectivity has been reported. DFT calculations revealed that the reaction proceeded through an oxygen atom transfer, C═C bond cleavage, alkylthio migration, and reassembly cascade. This strategy is highlighted by high atom and step economy with formation of five bonds in one pot and generation of a high-valued oxazolone skeleton under mild conditions.

Meropenem is a wide inter-individual variability in the pharmacokinetic, and standard dosing may not be adequate in critically ill patients. Therapeutic drug monitoring is a useful tool to optimize dosing. Meropenem is the amphoteric compound with an isoelectric point of 5.15. The secondary amino group of meropenem is positively charged when pH ≤ 5.4, thus we attempted to separate by strong cation exchange (SCX) column using acetonitrile/25-mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 3.0; 60:40) as mobile phase, and good peak shape and effective separation obtained. Generally, meropenem were unstable in plasma. We try to investigate stability of plasma samples using the medium QC sample with or without 3-(N-morpholino) propanesulfonic acid (MOPS) as stabilizer solutions at possible conditions during handling and storage. Meropenem showed higher stability at −80°C, and addition of MOPS might increase the short-term and extracted samples stability. This method is suitable for the quantification of meropenem in human plasma from 0.5 to 100 μg/mL. The accuracy was ranged from 96.53 to 101.11% with relative standard deviation ≤ 4.76%. The method has been used for determined 63 critically ill patients treated with meropenem. During the first measurement, 11 patients showed trough levels below the target ranges despite standard dosing. Through continuous or prolonged infusion, 8/11 patients (72.73%) led to adequate trough levels. The described SCX–high-performance liquid chromatography method for meropenem in human plasma is a powerful tool for therapeutic drug monitoring.

Lupus nephritis (LN) is one of the most serious complications of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and one of the leading causes of death. An alternative effective treatment to ameliorate and relieve LN and delay the process of renal tissue fibrosis is urgently needed in the clinical setting. Jieduquyuziyin prescription (JP) has been successfully used to treat SLE, but its potential mechanisms are not sufficiently understood. In this study, we treated MRL/lpr mice with JP for 8 weeks and treated human renal tubular epithelial cells (human kidney 2 (HK-2)) with drug-containing serum to observe the antagonistic effects of JP on inflammation and fibrosis, as well as to investigate the possible mechanisms. Results demonstrated that JP significantly reduced urinary protein and significantly improved pathological abnormalities. Metabolomics combined with ingenuity pathway analysis illustrated that the process of kidney injury in lupus mice may be closely related to farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway abnormalities. Microarray biomimetic analysis and LN patients indicated that FXR may play a protective role as an effective therapeutic target for LN and renal fibrosis. JP significantly increased the expression of FXR and inhibited the expression of its downstream targets, namely, nuclear transcription factor κB (NF-κB) and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), in the kidney of MRL/lpr mice and HK-2 cells, as confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. In conclusion, JP may mediate the activation of renal FXR expression and inhibit NF-κB and α-SMA expression to exert anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic effects for LN prevention and treatment.

The aims of this study were to study the performance changes of S-CNCs (spherical cellulose nanocrystals) modified by OSA (octenyl succinic anhydride) stabilized Pickering oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and contact angle change of the MS-CNCs (modified spherical cellulose nanocrystals) prove the successful modification of OSA and the improvement of hydrophobicity. The effect of a series of MS-CNCs concentration on the volume mean diameter, emulsion ratio, stability and micro-rheological characteristic viscosity of the emulsion was studied. The results show that the emulsifying ability of the S-CNCs have been greatly improved. In addition, at a concentration of 10g/l, the volume mean diameter reaches the nanometer level (0.95 µm), and the emulsion ratio reaches 100%, while still maintaining its unique ultra-low viscosity characteristics. Furthermore, the emulsion still exhibits high-strength resistance to ionic strength, but exhibits unique responsiveness to pH (pH≤5) at special stages.

Palladium-catalyzed C−H alkylation of gem-disubstituted ethylenes has been efficiently achieved with cyclobutanols as the coupling partners through an aryl to vinyl 1,4-palladium migration/ring-ope...

In this paper, a new active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) scheme based on swarm intelligent method is proposed for quadrotors to achieve trajectory tracking and obstacle avoidance. First, the finite-time convergent extended state observer (FTCESO) is designed to enhance the performance of ADRC controller. Then, the chaotic grey wolf optimization (CGWO) algorithm is developed with chaotic initialization and chaotic search to obtain the optimal parameters of attitude and position controllers. Further, a novel virtual target guidance approach is proposed to achieve obstacle avoidance for quadrotors. Comparative simulations are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the CGWO-based ADRC scheme and the virtual target guidance approach.

Carbon-carbon bond formation is among the most important reactions in organic synthesis. Reconstruction of a carbon-carbon bond through ring-opening C-C bond cleavage of a strained carbocycle usually occurs via a thermodynamically preferable pathway. However, carbon-carbon bond formation through thermodynamically less favorable C-C bond cleavage has seldom been documented. Herein, we disclose an unusual C-C bond cleavage of cycloketone oxime esters for [4+1] annulation. Under anaerobic copper(I) catalysis, cycloketone oxime esters underwent regioselective, thermodynamically less favorable radical C-C bond cleavage followed by annulation with enaminothiones; that is, α-thioxo ketene N, S-acetals efficiently affording 2-cyanoalkyl-aminothiophene derivatives. Cyclobutanone, -pentanone, -hexanone, and -heptanone oxime esters could act as the effective C1 building blocks in the annulation reaction. An iminyl radical mechanism is proposed for the rare C-C bond cleavage/[4+1] annulation cascade.

A TBAI/K

Carbon-sulfur bond cross-coupling has become more and more attractive as an alternative protocol to establish carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom bonds. Diverse transformations through transition-metal-catalyzed C-S bond activation and cleavage have recently been developed. This review summarizes the advances in transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling via carbon-sulfur bond activation and cleavage since late 2012 as an update of the critical review on the same topic published in early 2013 (Chem. Soc. Rev., 2013, 42, 599-621), which is presented by the categories of organosulfur compounds, that is, thioesters, thioethers including heteroaryl, aryl, vinyl, alkyl, and alkynyl sulfides, ketene dithioacetals, sulfoxides including DMSO, sulfones, sulfonyl chlorides, sulfinates, thiocyanates, sulfonium salts, sulfonyl hydrazides, sulfonates, thiophene-based compounds, and C[double bond, length as m-dash]S functionality-bearing compounds such as thioureas, thioamides, and carbon disulfide, as well as the mechanistic insights. An overview of C-S bond cleavage reactions with stoichiometric transition-metal reagents is briefly given. Theoretical studies on the reactivity of carbon-sulfur bonds by DFT calculations are also discussed.

The effect of three nanocellulose (various in crystalline allomorph and morphology) on lipid in vitro gastrointestinal digestibility was investigated. Corn oil-in-water emulsions were prepared by CNCs-I, CNCs-II and CNFs respectively. The variations of droplets diameter D[4,3], zeta potential, and microstructure were measured during gastrointestinal digestion (mouth, stomach and small intestine), and the free fatty acid (FFA) released in the small intestine phase were examined. The FFA-released test results indicated that both crystalline allomorph and morphology of nanocellulose affected the degree of lipid digestion, especially the morphology. FFA released amount was ranked in the order of CNCs-I (56.60%), CNCs-II (48.67%) and CNFs (28.21%). This is mainly due to the difference in the self-assembly behavior of nanocellulose at the interface. Our findings provide an innovative solution that using nanocellulose as food-grade particle stabilizer to modulate the digestion of Pickering emulsified lipids, which would benefit the development of given functional foods.

Degradable bio-based materials have been widely considered as functional coatings, however, it is a great challenge to fabricate biodegradable coatings with high barrier, water- and oil- resistance. In this work, such coatings were fabricated by using collagen fibers (CF), sodium alginate (SA), and polyvinyl butyral (PVB). CF and SA were mixed evenly and coated on Ca2+ pretreated filter paper. It was mainly due to the electrostatic adsorption between collagen fibers and sodium alginate, and the crosslinking between the adsorption products and Ca2+. By coating PVB solution, the barrier performance was further improved. Notably, the composite exhibited excellent water vapor resistance (48 g/m2·24 h), water resistance (31 g/m2), oil resistance (kit rating: 12/12) and good mechanical properties. This degradable, environmentally friendly, and simple composite paper method has excellent barrier properties, mechanical properties and fluorine-free properties, and will have many applications in the food and packaging fields.

An efficient protocol toward fully substituted thiophenes and thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes has been developed through CuCl2-catalyzed annulative coupling of S,S-disubstituted enones with diazo compounds under mild conditions. Tetrasubstituted thiophenes and thieno[2,3-b]thiophenes were efficiently accessed by variation of the feed ratio of the reactants in good to excellent yields, respectively. The synthetic methodology has demonstrated the potential for the construction of diverse thiophene derivatives.

Concise construction of furan and thiophene units has played an important role in the synthesis of potentially bioactive compounds and functional materials. Herein, an efficient Lewis acid ZnCl

Copper(I)-catalyzed enantioselective borylation of α,β-unsaturated N-acylindoles as well as N-acylpyrroles was efficiently achieved by means of bis(pinacolato)diboron (B2pin2), affording the enantioenriched products in excellent yields with up to 99% ee. The present work provides an alternative class of Michael acceptors, that is, α,β-unsaturated N-acylindoles, for potential asymmetric transformations.

Mediated by a catalytic amount of FeCl3, the C-H alkylation of S, S-functionalized internal ole-fins, i.e., alpha-oxo ketene dithioacetals and their analogues, was efficiently achieved using simple ethers and toluene derivatives as the coupling partners, ditert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) as the oxidant, and DABCO center dot 6H(2)O as the additive. The alkylthio functionality is essential for the internal olefinic C-H bond to undergo such an alkylation with the O-adjacent C(sp(3))-H bonds of the ethers and the benzylic C-H bonds of the toluene derivatives, respectively. Tetrasubstituted olefins were thus synthesized and further transformed to highly substituted pyrazoles and isoxazoles. The strategy to activate an internal olefinic C-H bond by polarizing its parent olefinic C=C bond with both the dialkylthio group and an electron-withdrawing functionality was investigated. The mechanistic studies suggest a radical pathway for the C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H cross-coupling reactions. The present protocol provides a convenient route to tetrasubstituted olefins.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed annulative coupling of sulfoxonium ylides with allenoates was achieved, forming highly functionalized cyclopropanes with a quaternary carbon center by means of the sulfoxonium ylide functionality as a traceless bifunctional directing group and C4 synthon via an arene C-H activation and cyclopropanation cascade. The protocol features simultaneous formation of three new C-C bonds in one pot with excellent diastereoselectivity. The resultant cyclopropanation products could be further transformed to diverse synthetically useful compounds.

The aim of the present study was to explore the pharmacological role of rivaroxaban in rats with arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO) and the potential mechanism of its action. A total of 60 adult male Sprague Dawley (weighing 210–250 g) were randomly assigned into either the sham group, model group or Riv group. Rats in the sham group were fed a normal diet, whereas those in model group and Riv group were fed a high-fat diet for 8 weeks. After establishment of the ASO model, rats in the Riv group were intragastrically administered 10 mg/kg rivaroxaban, whereas those in the sham group and the model group were administrated with the same volume of 0.9% saline for 4 weeks. At the end of animal procedures, a blood sample and the femoral artery of the rats were harvested. The results of the present study revealed that rats in the model group presented with an irregularly narrowed femoral artery lumen, disordered endothelial cells, internal elastic plates and smooth muscle cells. By comparison, the arterial wall structure and stenosis of the femoral artery of rats in Riv group recovered and all the pathological changes were alleviated after rivaroxaban treatment. Levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins decreased, whereas the level of high-density lipoproteins increased in the Riv group compared with the model group. Rivaroxaban treatment significantly reduced serum levels of interleukin-1, tumor necrosis factor-α and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and increased the serum level of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Rats in the Riv group had reduced expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB and MCP-1, and increased expression of TGF-β in femoral artery tissues compared with the model group. Therefore rivaroxaban may have exerted its anti-atherosclerotic effects by regulating the expression of genes in the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and the activation of the downstream molecules.

Rhodium(III)-catalyzed annulation of acetophenone O-acetyl oximes with allenoates was achieved, affording isoquinolines in good to excellent yields with high regioselectivities under redox-neutral conditions. Allenoates acted as the C2 synthons in the annulation reaction. The present synthetic methodology features good functional group tolerance and avoids metal salts as the external oxidants. The proposed mechanism suggests that the reaction proceeds through arene C–H activation, allene insertion, and C–N coupling.

The palladium-catalyzed benzylic C(sp3)–H arylation of o-alkylbenzaldehyde derivatives was achieved utilizing 2-dimethylaminoethylamine as a novel transient directing group. The γ-C(sp3)–H arylation reaction efficiently afforded a variety of arylated o-alkylbenzaldehydes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in one pot, exhibiting high functional group tolerance with broad substrate scope. The aliphatic diamine auxiliary represents a simple, inexpensive, readily available, and removable directing group for C H activation. The resultant o-benzylbenzaldehyde products could be diversely transformed into potentially important synthetic intermediates under mild conditions.

Objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, apixaban and enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after arthroplastic surgery. Methods: We conducted a meta-analysis containing a wide range of randomized controlled trials about efficiency and safety of rivaroxaban, apixaban and enoxaparin for thromboprophylaxis after arthroplastic surgery in the recent decade from January 2006 to June 2018. The present study separately analyzed the following key components: the different efficiency and safety for rivaroxaban and enoxaparin; apixaban and enoxaparin; and enoxaparin and other new developed anticoagulants. Results: Sixteen studies containing 58885 patients were included. In results of efficacy outcomes, total events occurred in 4.89% patients of rivaroxaban group and 9.55% patients of the control group; however, no significant difference was observed in apixaban groups of their efficacy outcomes. Primary events didn’t show significant difference when comparing apixaban with the control or comparing enoxaparin with the control. In analysis of safety outcomes, bleeding events occurred in 3.41% patients of rivaroxaban group compared with 2.84% patients of the control groups; bleeding events in apixaban groups were 4.09% compared with the control groups 4.64%. Bleeding events occurred in 3.51% patients of enoxaparin group, slightly lower than 5.82% of the control group. Conclusion: Direct oral anticoagulant, rivaroxaban might have better efficacy outcomes in thromboprophylaxis after arthroplastic surgery; however, apixaban showed no significantly different efficacy outcomes compared with enoxaparin, and enoxaparin may have equal or even better safety outcomes compared with direct oral anticoagulants.

Palladium-catalyzed C–S cleavage of tetrasubstituted internal alkene α-oxo ketene dithioacetals was realized with allenoates as the coupling partners, efficiently affording tetrasubstituted 2-alkenylfuran derivatives with excellent regioselectivity under mild conditions. Allenoates acted as C1 synthons in the desulfurative [4 + 1] annulation.