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An improved and practical procedure for the stereoselective synthesis of anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acids ( anti-βhAAs), by palladium-catalyzed sequential C(sp3)H functionalization directed by 8-aminoquinoline auxiliary, is described. followed by a previously established monoarylation and/or alkylation of the β-methyl C(sp3)H of alanine derivative, β-acetoxylation of both alkylic and benzylic methylene C(sp3)H bonds affords various anti-β-hydroxy-α-amino acid derivatives. As an example, the synthesis of β-mercapto-α-amino acids, which are highly important to the extension of native chemical ligation chemistry beyond cysteine, is described. The synthetic potential of this protocol is further demonstrated by the synthesis of diverse β-branched α-amino acids. The observed diastereoselectivities are strongly influenced by electronic effects of aromatic AAs and steric effects of the linear side-chain AAs, which could be explained by the competition of intramolecular COAc bond reductive elimination from PdIV intermediates vs. intermolecular attack by an external nucleophile (AcO−) in an SN2-type process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the comparative study regarding hair follicle cycling between two strains of Liaoning cashmere goats which reveals that most hair follicles were high active in catagen stage and the goats were still growing.

An abstract of the article "Observation of MVD in sheep estrous cycle ovaries," by Chen Yang and colleagues is presented.

An abstract of the article "A relationship between endometrial microvascular density and VEGF expression during estrous cycle of sheep," by Ge Chen-Xia and colleagues is presented.

The article presents a study which investigates the dynamic changes of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in ovine's ovary by combining the computer graphic analytical technique and immunohistology.

The article presents a study on the comparison of the Bad gene expression in the generative organs of Suffolk Sheep (SS) and Small-tails Han Sheep (SHS) during the luteal phase.

The article presents a study, which examines the production of bad genes in the reproductive organs of sheep during follicular phase (FP).

The Boer goat is one of the top meat breeds in modern animal husbandry and has attracted widespread attention for its unique growth performance. However, the genetic basis of muscle development in the Boer goat remains obscure. In this study, we identified specific structural variants in the Boer goat based on genome-wide selection signals and analyzed the basis of the molecular heredity of related candidate genes in muscle development. A total of 9 959 autosomal copy number variations (CNVs) were identified through selection signal analysis in 127 goat genomes. Specifically, we confirmed that the highest signal CNV (HSV) was a chromosomal arrangement containing an approximately 1.11 Mb (CHIR17: 60062304-61171840 bp) duplicated fragment inserted in reverse orientation and a 5 362 bp deleted region (CHIR17:60145940-60151302 bp) with overlapping genes (e.g., ARHGAP10 , NR3C2 , EDNRA , PRMT9 , and TMEM184C ). The homozygous duplicated HSV genotype (+/+) was found in 96% of Boer goats but was not detected in Eurasian goats and was only detected in 4% of indigenous African goats. The expression network of three candidate genes ( ARHGAP10 , NR3C2 , and EDNRA ) regulating dose transcription was constructed by RNA sequencing. Results indicated that these genes were involved in the proliferation and differentiation of skeletal muscle satellite cells (SMSCs) and their overexpression significantly increased the expression of SAA3 . The HSV of the Boer goat contributed to superior skeletal muscle growth via the dose effects of overlapping genes.