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Typhoon gales can lead to accidents such as the breakage and collapse of transmission line towers, affecting the operational safety of power systems. Therefore, the risk assessment of transmission line towers during typhoon disasters is important. Taking all transmission towers in Zhejiang Province as an example, a typhoon disaster vulnerability assessment model for transmission line towers based on "excess loss" for both continuous and discrete variables was proposed based on tower attributes, geographical information, and typhoon disaster data. Utilizing the reanalysis data of typhoon parameters and wind fields from the past 68 years, a typhoon gale hazard assessment model was established based on the extreme value theory, and the statistical parameters of wind speed intensity under typical scenarios were analyzed. Furthermore, based on the regional disaster system theory and through a coupling analysis between typhoon gales and tower vulnerability, a risk assessment model for typhoon transmission line towers was developed. The results indicate the following: (1) the hazard of typhoon gales decreases from southeast to northwest, with differentiated distributions due to the local terrain and other factors. As the return period increased, a nonlinear increasing trend was observed. Taking the maximum wind speeds with a return period of 20 years and 100 years as examples, the wind speed intensities across Zhejiang Province range from 23.5-50.9 m/s and 32.6-68.9 m/s, respectively. Therefore, different wind resistance strategies should be adopted based on specific prevention requirements. Notably, the typhoon parameter wind field model used in this study had certain errors compared to the actual measured wind speeds. Therefore, in practical applications, particularly in complex terrain areas, it is necessary to combine local observational data for model calibration and application. (2) The comprehensive vulnerability of towers under the influence of typhoons generally exhibits a distribution pattern that is high in the south and low in the north, which is closely related to the terrain. Regions with high vulnerability (>1) were mainly located in central and southern Zhejiang and the coastal areas. Moderate vulnerability (0.5-1) is distributed in the Jinqu Basin and the offshore areas from Taizhou to Ningbo. The northeastern plain of Zhejiang had a relatively low tower vulnerability (

Food safety incidents caused by foodborne pathogens have attracted widespread attention. In order to ensure food safety, it is essential to adopt effective detection means. The emerging clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) system, consisting of CRISPR and Cas, is an acquired immune system widely found in bacteria and archaea, which efficiently and specifically recognizes and cleave exogenous nucleic acids and is more efficient than conventional techniques for detecting pathogenic bacteria. Based on a review of recent progress in research on CRISPR/Cas biosensing system coupled with isothermal amplification technology, this paper summarizes the classification and principle of CRISPR/Cas and recent progress in the application of CRISPR/Cas coupled with isothermal amplification in foodborne pathogen detection, and discusses the prospects and challenges for CRISPR/Cas coupled with isothermal amplification in the real-time detection of foodborne pathogens. We expect that this review will provide a reference for the further development of CRISPR/Cas biosensing system.

Postbiotics are dead bacteria without vital signs and their metabolites. Since many substances in postbiotics are still biologically active and are safer and more stable than probiotics, they are widely used in the prevention and treatment of various diseases. In recent years, many studies have shown that postbiotics can ameliorate obesity by regulating lipid metabolism, which are expected to be a new strategy for the prevention and treatment of obesity. This article introduces the harms and possible pathogenesis of obesity, illustrates the potential mechanism by which postbiotics regulate diseases, and reviews the role of postbiotic bacteria and their metabolites in obesity regulation. This article is expected to provide references for future research on the application of postbiotics in obesity management.

The meteorological causes of wind deflection and tower collapse of a 500 kV transmission lines are analyzed. The wind speed distribution characteristics in the fault area of the line are obtained by using the observed wind speed of an automatic weather station and the three-dimensional wind field based on radar inversion. The results show that the maximum wind speed and the extreme wind speed observed by automatic weather stations around the two accidents are small. The three-dimensional wind field of radar inversion better indicates the fault's location and time. Compared with strong convective weather which can cause the wind deflection， the strong convective weather which can cause the tower collapse has a higher echo height and stronger updraft. The core height of its reflectivity factor drops more than 3.5 km within 6 minutes， causing greater ground damage， but its locality is strong and the influence range is small. The results show that the current design wind speed of the transmission line is safe under the strong convective weather that causes wind deflection， but adverse terrains that can accelerate the wind speed must be avoided. It is suggested to take “cascaded collapse prevention” as the main idea for the microburst which can cause the tower collapse. In addition， under the influence of strong convective weather， the gust coefficient calculated by the observed wind speed is significantly larger than the value in the relevant specifications.

The proliferation of antibiotic usage has precipitated the emergence of drug-resistant variants of bacteria, thereby augmenting their capacity to withstand pharmaceutical interventions. Among these variants, Cronobacter sakazakii (C. sakazakii), prevalent in powdered infant formula (PIF), poses a grave threat to the well-being of infants. Presently, global contamination by C. sakazakii is being observed. Consequently, research endeavors have been initiated to explore the strain's drug resistance capabilities, alterations in virulence levels, and resistance mechanisms. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the resistance mechanisms and virulence levels of C. sakazakii induced by five distinct antibiotics, while concurrently conducting transcriptomic analyses. Compared to the susceptible strains prior to induction, the drug-resistant strains exhibited differential gene expression, resulting in modifications in the activity of relevant enzymes and biofilm secretion. Transcriptomic studies have shown that the expression of glutathione S-transferase and other genes were significantly upregulated after induction, leading to a notable enhancement in biofilm formation ability, alongside the existence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms associated with efflux pumps, cationic antimicrobial peptides, and biofilm formation pathways. These alterations significantly influence the strain's resistance profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]