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The phytohormone jasmonate is an essential endogenous signal in the regulation of multiple plant processes for environmental adaptation, such as primary root growth inhibition and root hair elongation. Perception of environmental stresses promotes the accumulation of jasmonate, which is sensed by the CORONATINE INSENSITIVE1 (COI1)–JASMONATE ZIM-DOMAIN (JAZ) co-receptor, triggering the degradation of JAZ repressors and induction of transcriptional reprogramming. The basic helix–loop–helix (bHLH) subgroup IIIe transcription factors MYC2, MYC3, and MYC4 are the most extensively characterized JAZ-binding factors and together stimulate jasmonate-signaled primary root growth inhibition. Conversely, the bHLH subgroup IIId transcription factors (i.e. bHLH3 and bHLH17) physically associate with JAZ proteins and suppress jasmonate-induced root growth inhibition. For root hair development, JAZ proteins interact with and inhibit ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE 6 (RHD6) and RHD6 LIKE1 (RSL1) transcription factors to modulate jasmonate-enhanced root hair elongation. Moreover, jasmonate also interacts with other signaling pathways (such as ethylene and auxin) to regulate primary root growth and/or root hair elongation. Here, we review recent progress into jasmonate-mediated primary root growth and root hair development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The triglyceride glucose (TyG) index has been proved to be a reliable marker of diabetic kidney disease (DKD)., Objective: We further investigated the association between TyG index, and its derivative, triglyceride-glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), and the risk of DKD among adults with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D)., Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among patients with newly diagnosed T2D. We assessed the correlation between TyG index, TyG-BMI, and the risk of DKD using logistic regression analysis, restricted cubic spline analysis, trend tests, receiver operating characteristic curve, and subgroup analyses., Results: Among the 924 included patients, 199 (21.5%) had DKD. Logistic regression revealed that TyG index (odds ratio [OR] 1.232, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.064-1.428, p  = 0.005) and TyG-BMI (OR 1.003, 95% CI 1.000-1.006, p  = 0.021) were risk factors for DKD. The trend test demonstrated a dose-response association between TyG index ( p for trend = 0.004), TyG-BMI ( p for trend = 0.035), and the risk of DKD. Restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a nonlinear correlation between TyG index and the risk of DKD, with an increase in the risk of DKD when the TyG index was greater than 9.68 ( p for nonlinearity = 0.014). In contrast, TyG-BMI and the risk of DKD exhibited a linear dose-response relationship, with an increase in the risk of DKD when the TyG-BMI was greater than 243 ( p for nonlinearity = 0.034). According to the receiver operating characteristic curve, the optimal cutoff values for TyG index and TyG-BMI were 10.08 and 221.5, respectively., Conclusion: Among newly diagnosed T2D patients, the risk of DKD increases with the increase of TyG index and TyG-BMI, with their respective cut-off values being 9.68 and 243. Both TyG index and TyG-BMI have poor diagnostic value for the risk of DKD., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Jiang and Lai.)

Objective: The incidence of early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) has increased significantly, with insulin resistance (IR) and obesity being the main drivers of its onset. This study aims to investigate the clinical characteristics of early-onset T2D and its association with triglyceride glucose body mass index (TyG-BMI), an emerging surrogate of IR., Methods: A total of 1000 adults newly diagnosed with T2D were enrolled and divided into early-onset T2D (18~40 years, N=500) and late-onset T2D groups (≥40 years, N=500). Independent t and chi-squared tests were used to compare the characteristics of the two groups, and logistic regression analysis, trend tests, restricted cubic spline curves (RCSs), and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to identify the relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D., Results: Patients with early-onset T2D were more likely to have a higher body mass index (BMI), hemoglobin A1C (HbA 1c ), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), serum uric acid (SUA), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), and TyG-BMI ( P < 0.05). A higher TyG-BMI was associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D ( P < 0.001). The RCSs showed a nonlinear relationship between TyG-BMI and early-onset T2D, and the slope of the curve increased with an increase in TyG-BMI ( P for nonlinearity < 0.001). In the subgroup analysis, additive interactions between TyG-BMI and the risk of early-onset T2D were observed for sex, family history of diabetes, BMI, fatty liver, and hypertension ( P < 0.001). ROC curve showed that the area under the curve of TyG-BMI was 0.6781, which was larger than its main components (TyG, BMI, FPG, TG). The best cutoff value was 254.865, the sensitivity was 74.6%, and the specificity was 53.6%., Conclusion: Patients with early-onset T2D are characterized by severe IR, metabolic disorders, and being overweight/obese and an increase in TyG-BMI is independently associated with an increased risk of early-onset T2D., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Jiang and Lai.)

CONSTANS (CO) is a critical regulator of flowering that combines photoperiodic and circadian signals in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). CO is expressed in multiple tissues, including seedling roots and young leaves. However, the roles and underlying mechanisms of CO in modulating physiological processes outside of flowering remain obscure. Here, we show that the expression of CO responds to salinity treatment. CO negatively mediated salinity tolerance under long-day (LD) conditions. Seedlings from co-mutants were more tolerant to salinity stress, whereas overexpression of CO resulted in plants with reduced tolerance to salinity stress. Further genetic analyses revealed the negative involvement of GIGANTEA (GI) in salinity tolerance requires a functional CO. Mechanistic analysis demonstrated that CO physically interacts with 4 critical basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors; ABSCISIC ACID-RESPONSIVE ELEMENT BINDING FACTOR1 (ABF1), ABF2, ABF3, and ABF4. Disrupting these ABFs made plants hypersensitive to salinity stress, demonstrating that ABFs enhance salinity tolerance. Moreover, ABF mutations largely rescued the salinity-tolerant phenotype of co-mutants. CO suppresses the expression of several salinity-responsive genes and influences the transcriptional regulation function of ABF3. Collectively, our results show that the LD-induced CO works antagonistically with ABFs to modulate salinity responses, thus revealing how CO negatively regulates plant adaptation to salinity stress., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement. No conflict of interest is declared., (© American Society of Plant Biologists 2023. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)