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The adzuki bean is a mature seed of the red bean leguminous plant, and people like to eat it because of its nutritious properties and moderate proportion of amino acids. Adzuki bean germination and the enrichment of GABA greatly improve the health effects of the adzuki bean. The effects of the GABA-rich adzuki bean on the expression of insulin-pathway-related genes and proteins in the liver of T2DM mice were studied via Western blotting and qPCR. The results showed that a GABA-rich adzuki bean diet could promote glycogen synthesis in the liver of T2DM mice, inhibit the activities of PEPCK and G-6-Pase, and significantly down-regulate the gene expression levels of PEPCK, G6PC and FOXO1 (p < 0.05) and the phosphorylation levels of FOXO1 and GSK3β. In addition, it can also up-regulate the expression of the AMPKα gene and down-regulate the expression of the SREBP1c gene to inhibit the synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol in T2DM mice. Lipid accumulation in mice can alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders and play an effective role in regulating blood glucose at liver tissue targets. This study suggested that the GABA-rich adzuki bean can improve hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic mice by activating the IRS/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in the liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most prevalent metabolic disease in the world and has become a global epidemic health problem. A legume-based diet can help prevent and control the onset and development of T2DM. To study the health effects of rich γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) adzuki beans, this study, through the establishment of the T2DM model, analyzed the level of glucose and lipid metabolism and related indexes of liver function in mice with GABA-rich adzuki beans. Results showed that the high dose of GABArich adzuki beans (TF3) had a certain effect on the resistance to overweight, and could significantly reduce the level of fasting blood glucose (P < 0.05), restore the body's ability to regulate blood glucose, and alleviate insulin resistance. Compared with the M group, the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, urea, and creatinine in the serum of T2DM mice were reduced to different degrees in each treatment group, and TF3 and the positive control group had better effects on balancing blood glucose and regulating liver and kidney injury of T2DM mice and could alleviate the pathological injury of liver, pancreas and cecum tissue caused by high-fat diet. Results indicated that a diet rich in GABA adzuki beans could improve the level of small glucose and lipid metabolism, and alleviate the pathological injury of liver, pancreas and cecum tissue, providing a theoretical basis for the development and application of GABA-rich functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the effect of hypoxia combined with acid stress on GABA enrichment in adzuki bean and mung bean, germination time, germination temperature, hypoxia time and L-glutamic acid concentration were investigated by single factor. Based on the stress conditions identified for high GABA sprouted beans, GABA-enriched adzuki and mung beans were mixed with rice, and D-mixture design was used to optimize processing conditions for these sprouted bean/rice mixtures. Results showed that hypoxia combined with acid stress promoted GABA enrichment in adzuki and mung beans. In sprouted adzuki beans, GABA reached levels as high as 158.32±3.24 mg/100 g under the germination time of 48 h, germination temperature of 40 °C, 15 h exposure to hypoxia, and L-glutamic acid concentration of 2.5 mg/mL. Mung bean stress conditions were: Germination time of 24 h, germination temperature of 35 °C, 15 h exposure to hypoxia, and L-glutamic acid concentration of 2.5 mg/mL, the content of GABA was 141.57±4.35 mg/100 g. On this basis, the sprouted beans and rice formulation was optimized by D-mixture design as follows: Rice 76%, sprouted mung beans 11%, and sprouted adzuki beans 13%. Under this composition, the GABA content of sprouted bean/rice mixture was 23.73±1.03 mg/100 g, and the average sensory score was 88.76±2.47. The taste, color, and aroma of the sprouted bean/rice mixture fell within acceptable ranges, and the active ingredient GABA was enriched, enhancing the nutritional and functional properties of sprouted beans/rice. This study provided a theoretical reference for the further development of rice/grain mixtures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] In order to solve the wear problem of ship decks caused by major equipment, a new highly wear-resistant anti-skid deck coating is developed.[Methods] The coating is mainly composed of a primer,non-skid layer and topcoat. The non-skid wear performance of the coating was tested by sliding a wear tester. The friction and wear behavior of the coating under different working conditions(dry,wet and oily)was studied.[Results] The results show that the friction coefficient of the coating under different working conditions decreases with the increase of the wear number,and the friction coefficient is lowest under oily conditions,which is mainly related to the lubrication of aviation kerosene; the wear loss rate of the coating increases with the increase of the wear number,and the wear mechanism is mainly abrasive wear in the initial wear stage and adhesive wear in the stable wear stage.[Conclusions] The research results can not only guarantee service safety of the marine structure,but also provide theoretical basis for the development and application of new non-skid deck coatings.

With the advancement of spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) resolution, the conventional stop-and-go approximation-based motion model is no longer suitable for high-resolution imaging algorithms. This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis of the approximation errors resulting from the stop-and-go approximation and proposes corresponding compensation methods. Firstly, an accurate echo model based on continuous platform motion is derived from the SAR geometry configuration. The impact of these errors on range and azimuth imaging is analysed from a spectral perspective, and the applicable boundary conditions are examined. Subsequently, compensation methods are proposed to eliminate the introduced approximation errors, addressing both"fast time" and"slow time" effects, thus enabling high-resolution imaging through improvements in traditional imaging algorithms. Experimental simulations validate the effectiveness of the error analysis and compensation methods, using X-band low Earth orbit SAR as an illustrative example. The proposed methods are not only compatible with existing mature imaging algorithms, but the analytical approach and compensation methods are also applicable to SAR systems operating on different carrier frequencies, orbits, and platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the vibration induced by viaduct rail transit has become a severe problem during train operation. To investigate the transmission properties of the vibration energy of the viaduct track, the procedures of transmission and dissipation of the vibration energy are analyzed based on the power flow theory of single-stage and multi-stage vibration isolation system. A viaduct track finite element (FE) model is developed, and the accuracy of the model is verified by observational acceleration. Combined with the FE model and power flow theory, the transmission and distribution characteristics of energy in the viaduct tracks are analyzed. The results show that the peak value of the vibration power is reached at the natural frequency of the track structure; the vibration energy decreases from top to bottom of the track structure in the frequency range of 1 ~ 1 000 Hz; the fastener system significantly consumes high-frequency (100 ~ 1 000 Hz) vibration energy and low-frequency (1 ~ 100 Hz) vibration energy is significantly consumed by the support of the track slab; the power flow index can indicate the transmission, distribution, and dissipation properties of the energy; and optimal vibration reduction effect can be obtained by designing the stiffness and damping of the fastener system and the support of the track slab. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]