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Preventing and treating avascular necrosis at the distal end of the flaps are critical to surgery success, but current treatments are not ideal. A recent study shows that apoptotic bodies (ABs) generated near the site of apoptosis can be taken up and promote cell proliferation. The study reveals that ABs derived from fibroblast‐like cells in the subcutaneous connective tissue (FSCT cells) of skin flaps promoted ischaemic flap survival. It is also found that ABs inhibited cell death and oxidative stress and promoted M1‐to‐M2 polarization in macrophages. Transcriptome sequencing and protein level testing demonstrated that ABs promoted ischaemic flap survival in endothelial cells and macrophages by inhibiting ferroptosis via the KEAP1‐Nrf2 axis. Furthermore, microRNA (miR) sequencing data and in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that ABs inhibited KEAP1 by delivering miR‐339‐5p to exert therapeutic effects. In conclusion, FSCT cell‐derived ABs inhibited ferroptosis, promoted the macrophage M1‐to‐M2 transition via the miR‐339‐5p/KEAP1/Nrf2 axis and promoted ischaemic flap survival. These results provide a potential therapeutic strategy to promote ischaemic flap survival by administering ABs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dental operating microscope is recommended to complicated root canal therapy, for it could provide in⁃ creased lighting and superior magnification, so that the survival rate of tooth is highly increased. More refined access of cavity preparation, canal cleaning, shaping and obturating are realized under microscope. This article combined litera⁃ ture reviews with the writers􀆳 clinical experience, and it aims at helping clinicians to improve their ability to more accu⁃rately performance and minimally invasive endodontic procedures, such as locating hidden canals obstructed by calcifi⁃ cations, canals reduced in size, removing materials, reducing ledge formation, apical transportation, and repairing perforations.

Objective: To investigate the role of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in myocardial perfusion, focusing on its effects on coronary microcirculation and cardiovascular outcomes., Methods: Review of foundational research and large-scale clinical trials, including Cardiovascular Outcome Trials (CVOTs), examining the cardiovascular effects of GLP-1. Systematic analysis of trial data to assess the impact of GLP-1 therapy on myocardial infarction, composite cardiovascular events, and stroke incidence., Results: GLP-1 therapy was found to significantly reduce myocardial infarction and composite cardiovascular events. Additionally, GLP-1 receptor agonists were observed to reduce stroke incidence, suggesting systemic effects on panvascular diseases. While direct protective effects on coronary microvasculature have been less studied, growing evidence supports GLP-1's role in comprehensive myocardial perfusion., Conclusion: GLP-1 is a promising therapeutic agent for improving myocardial perfusion and reducing cardiovascular events. Its protection is likely associated with comprehensive improvements in myocardial perfusion, including effects on coronary microcirculation. Further research is needed to fully elucidate its mechanisms of action and potential clinical applications., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)