Search

Symmetry plays a crucial role in the study of dual matrices and dual matrix group inverses. This paper is mainly divided into two parts. We present the definition of the spectral norm of a dual real matrix A ^ , (which is usually represented in the form A ^ = A + ε A 0 , A and A 0 are, respectively, the standard part and the infinitesimal part of A ^ ) and two matrix decompositions over dual rings. The group inverse has been extensively investigated and widely applied in the solution of singular linear systems and computations of various aspects of Markov chains. The forms of the dual group generalized inverse (DGGI for short) are given by using two matrix decompositions. The relationships among the range, the null space, and the DGGI of dual real matrices are also discussed under symmetric conditions. We use the above-mentioned facts to provide the symmetric expression of the perturbed dual real matrix and apply the dual spectral norm to discuss the perturbation of the DGGI. In the real field, we present the symmetric expression of the group inverse after the matrix perturbation under the rank condition. We also estimate the error between the group inverse and the DGGI with respect to the P-norm. Especially, we find that the error is the infinitesimal quantity of the square of a real number, which is small enough and not equal to 0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human geographers are increasingly concerned with how 'futures' are imagined and rendered governable, yet mostly their methods lack the sensitivity to explore the functioning of complex relations between heterogeneous actors across places. The world's electric vehicle (EV) sector is booming, presaging a widely expected decarbonised future, associated with a restructuring of the automobile industry as anticipated by proactive players. This paper interrogates the spatiality and politics of the EV future‐making through disentangling the translocal practices involved in realising Tesla's Gigafactory in Shanghai (TGS) as assemblage. Informed by interviews with industrial insiders and opensource information in Chinese and English, the article finds that, first, TGS's imagined future embodies a multiplicity of interdependent but divergent expectations, the coherence of which underlies the formation and operation of the TGS assemblage by virtue of the concerted actions of its member‐actors. Second, such coherence is conditional as designed by TGS's central planners—namely, Tesla and Chinese government agencies at central and local levels—for their differentiated but overlapping interests. The TGS's imagined future is rendered actionable, enrolling other agents at certain moments, through anticipatory practices of regulatory changes, strategic arrangements interweaving land and financing, firm acquisition and intra‐firm reorganisation linking up places in and outside China, as well as the selection of key suppliers and technological use of critical raw materials. Concluding after a sketch on the TGS's 'possible futures' and broader implications, the paper contributes an assemblage‐informed approach to disentangle futuremaking practices and generates timely insights into the 'future‐oriented' restructuring of the automobile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ordering food through smartphones brings millions of laborers into a new occupation -food delivery rider. To date, insufficient research has focused on this group of population in platform economy. This paper examines the management mechanism of Chinese food delivery industry based on Marxist labor process theory and its extensions. Three main findings are revealed. First, the food delivery platform strictly set online and off-line institutions to manage food delivery riders; second, riders are involved in an illusion of flexitime but indeed provide more labor forces; third, riders are not free as they are constantly monitored by platform’s algorithm driven by big data. Given this, the conclusion suggests that all platform enterprises should abide professional ethnics and undertake social responsibility and to liberate food delivery riders’ nature.

Gaining a social licence to operate (SLO) is important to ensure a smooth-going metro project, yet few relevant studies exist. Using a small but eventful case from Nanjing, China, this study considers how a metro station construction project is assigned overlapping and fluid social licences by a local community and how these social licences interact with the project. The analytical framework is underpinned by two 'continuum' theories, one developed by Thomson and Boutilier and one by Dare et al. , and incorporates the perspective of the project life cycle and movements of social resistance. The results reveal that a uniform, community-level SLO diverged into multiple SLOs with different characteristics. However, the changes in the SLO were decoupled from the life cycle of the metro project, as work was not only halted due to opposition but also resumed amidst such opposition. The governmental interventions, manipulative resistance and unqualified impact assessments were the main driving forces in the dynamic procedure. Based on the results and analysis, we highlight several policy implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]