Search

Software defect prediction (SDP) is a crucial phase preceding the launch of software products. Cross‐project defect prediction (CPDP) is introduced for the anticipation of defects in novel projects lacking defect labels. CPDP can use defect information of mature projects to speed up defect prediction for new projects. So that developers can quickly get the defect information of the new project, so that they can test the software project pertinently. At present, the predominant approaches in CPDP rely on deep learning, and the performance of the ultimate model is notably affected by the quality of the training dataset. However, the dataset of CPDP not only has few samples but also has almost no label information in new projects, which makes the general deep‐learning‐based CPDP model not ideal. In addition, most of the current CPDP models do not fully consider the enrichment of classification boundary samples after cross‐domain, leading to suboptimal predictive capabilities of the model. To overcome these obstacles, we present contrastive learning pretraining for CPDP (ConCPDP), a CPDP method integrating contrastive pretraining and category boundary adjustment. We first perform data augmentation on the source and target domain code files and then extract the enhanced data as an abstract syntax tree (AST). The AST is then transformed into an integer sequence using specific mapping rules, serving as input for the subsequent neural network. A neural network based on bidirectional long short‐term memory (Bi‐LSTM) will receive an integer sequence and output a feature vector. Then, the feature vectors are input into the contrastive module to optimise the feature extraction network. The pretrained feature extractor can be fine‐tuned by the maximum mean discrepancy (MMD) between the feature distribution of the source domain and the target domain and the binary classification loss on the source domain. This paper conducts a large number of experiments on the PROMISE dataset, which is commonly used for CPDP, to validate ConCPDP's efficacy, achieving superior results in terms of F1 measure, area under curve (AUC), and Matthew's correlation coefficient (MCC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Sunflower receptacles are the main by-product of the processing of Helianthus annuus L. Methods: In this study, several extraction methods of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) from sunflower receptacles were evaluated, and then, the physicochemical structure and functional properties of these SDFs were examined. Finally, a mouse constipation model was established to explore its therapeutic potential for constipation. Results: The results showed that the SDF yield of citric acid extraction and enzyme extraction was better than that of hot-water extraction. Structural characterization showed that the three SDF functional groups were similar and amorphous, while the surface distribution of the SDF obtained by the citric acid extraction method (ASDF) had more fine pores. Physicochemical analysis showed that ASDF had the best water-holding capacity, oil-holding capacity, and expansion force. Animal experiments showed that the first black stool defecation time of the model group changed significantly (p < 0.001), indicating that the model was successful. Compared with the model group, the middle- and high-dose groups reduced the first black stool defecation time (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01) and increased the fecal water content (p < 0.05). The high-dose group significantly promoted the intestinal peristalsis of mice (p < 0.05). From hematoxylin–eosin (H&E) staining, it can be seen that the three dose groups of ASDF can improve the damage of mouse colon tissue induced by loperamide hydrochloride to a certain extent. Conclusions: Our results show that ASDF has good physical and chemical properties and laxative properties and has broad development space in the field of health food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How to coordinate electron and ion transport behavior across scales and interfaces within ion battery electrodes? The exponential increase in surface area observed in nanoscale electrode materials results in an incomprehensibly vast spatial interval. Herein, to address the problems of volume expansion, dissolution of cathode material, and the charge accumulation problem existing in manganiferous materials for zinc ion batteries, metal organic framework is utilized to form the architecture of non‐interfacial blocking ~10 nm Mn2O3 nanoparticles and amorphous carbon hybrid electrode materials, demonstrating a high specific capacity of 361 mAh g−1 (0.1 A g−1), and excellent cycle stability of 105 mAh g−1 after 2000 cycles under 1 A g−1. The uniform and non‐separated disposition of Mn and C atoms constitutes an interconnected network with high electronic and ionic conductivity, minimizing issues like structural collapse and volume expansion of the electrode material during cycling. The cooperative insert mechanism of H+ and Zn2+ are analyzed via ex‐situ XRD and in‐situ Raman tests. The model battery is assembled to present practical possibilities. The results indicate that MOF‐derived carbonization provides an effective strategy for exploring Mn‐based electrode materials with high ion and electron transport capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the changes of ocular biometric parameters in childrenwith low to moderate myopia after wearing orthokeratology lenses. Methods: A total of 80 children with low to moderate myopia at the Ophthalmology Department of Ruijin Hospital were enrolled. Children were randomly divided into 2 groups: orthokeratology lens group (n=40) and spectacles (n=40) group. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) of children in the 2 groups were measured by Lenstar 900 at baseline, 6 months and 12 months after wearing orthokeratology lenses or spectacles, and differences in data between the 2 groups were analyzed with independent t tests. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in AL, CCT, ACD, and LT between the 2 groups at baseline. The incremental AL in the orthokeratology group was lower than that in the spectacles group at both 6 months [(0.08±0.08) mm vs (0.16±0.13) mm, t=-4.859, P

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a challenging and controversial complication of cirrhosis. Experimental models that reproduce cirrhotic PVT and effective pharmacological therapies are limited. We aimed to investigate the nature course and mechanisms of PVT in cirrhosis. A novel PVT model was developed via two-step total portal vein ligation in healthy and thioacetamide (TAA)-cirrhotic rats. Circulating and liver-infiltrating neutrophils were isolated from individuals with cirrhosis to examine neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and explore their unique characteristics and implications in PVT-associated fibrosis in cirrhosis. We further validated macrophage–myofibroblast transition (MMT) via multiplex immunofluorescence and single-cell sequencing. In the experimental model, cirrhosis promoted PVT development and portal vein intimal thickening. Interestingly, cirrhosis promoted spontaneous resolution of PVT due to instability of thrombus structure, along with pulmonary and intrahepatic clots. NETs-MMT mediate cirrhotic PVT and PVT-associated fibrosis, including fibrotic thrombus remodeling and increased hepatic collagen deposition. Mechanistically, caspase-4-dependent activation of neutrophils and GSDMD mediated the formation of NETs. The extracellular DNA of NETs promoted TGF-β1/Smad3-driven MMT. Inhibiting GSDMD with disulfiram suppressed cirrhotic PVT and prevented associated fibrosis. The cirrhotic PVT model reflected the following three main characteristics of cirrhotic PVT: spontaneous resolution, immunothrombosis, and intimal fibrosis. Targeting NETs with GSDMD inhibitors may serve as a new therapeutic concept to treat cirrhotic PVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract. Land-use change and tourism development have seriously threatened the ecosystems of coastal protection forests and beaches. Light and nutrients are spatially heterogeneously distributed between the two ecosystems. Clonal plants, such as Calystegia soldanella , which play a crucial role in maintaining the ecological stability of coastal habitats, are likely to encounter diverse environments. In this study, we investigated clonal integration and the division of labour in C. soldanella under heterogeneous (high nutrient and low light [HNLL]; low nutrient and high light [LNHL]) and homogeneous habitats. We cultivated pairs of connected and severed ramets of C. soldanella in these environments. Our results showed the total biomass (TB) of connected ramets was higher than that of severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, suggesting clonal integration enhances growth in heterogeneous habitats. The root shoot ratio was significantly lower in HNLL than in LNHL conditions for connected ramets, demonstrating a division of labour in growth under heterogeneous conditions. However, parameters of clonal propagation of C. soldanella did not significantly differ between connected and severed ramets in heterogeneous environments, indicating no division of labour in clonal propagation. In homogeneous environments, the growth of C. soldanella did not benefit from clonal integration. Connected ramets in heterogeneous habitats exhibited higher TB than in homogeneous habitats. The TB of one ramet in HNLL was consistently higher than that in LNHL, irrespective of ramet's states, which suggests that high soil nutrients may enhance the growth. We conclude that C. soldanella has the capability of clonal integration to achieve high biomass in heterogeneous but not in homogeneous conditions, and the establishment of coastal protection forests (high nutrient and low light) may foster the growth of C. soldanella. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]