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9. Pyroptosis: A New Frontier in Kidney Diseases

Author

Zhang, Ke-jia, Wu, Qi, Jiang, Shi-min, Ding, Lei, Liu, Chao-xia, Xu, Ming, Wang, Ying, Zhou, Yao, and Li, Li

Subjects
Article Subject
Abstract

Pyroptosis is a pattern of programmed cell death that significantly differs from apoptosis and autophagy in terms of cell morphology and function. The process of pyroptosis is characterized predominantly by the formation of gasdermin protein family-mediated membrane perforation, cell collapse, and the release of inflammatory factors, including IL-1β and IL-18. In recent years, with the rise of pyroptosis research, scholars have devoted time to study the mechanism of pyroptosis in kidney-related diseases. Pyroptosis is probably involved in kidney diseases through two pathways: the caspase-1-mediated canonical pathway and the caspase-4/5/11-mediated noncanonical pathway. In addition, some scholars have identified targets for the treatment of kidney-related diseases from the viewpoint of pyroptosis and developed corresponding medicines, which may become a recommendation for prognosis, targeted treatment, and clinical diagnosis of kidney diseases. This paper focuses on the up-to-date advances in the field of pyroptosis, especially on the key pathogenic role of pyroptosis in the development and progression of kidney diseases. It presents a more in-depth understanding of the pathogenesis of kidney diseases and introduces novel therapeutic targets for the prevention and clinical treatment of kidney diseases.

Published
2021
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17. Angiotensin II type 1 receptor blockers favorably affect renal angiotensin II and MAS receptor expression in patients with diabetic nephropathy.

Author

Ye-Ping Ma, Yue Yang, Shi-Min Jiang, Lin Liu, Zheng Zhang, Yi-Ning Wang, Gu-Ming Zou, Wen-Ge Li, Ma, Ye-Ping, Yang, Yue, Jiang, Shi-Min, Liu, Lin, Zhang, Zheng, Wang, Yi-Ning, Zou, Gu-Ming, and Li, Wen-Ge

Subjects
PROTEINS, KIDNEYS, BIOPSY, DIABETIC neuropathies, CELL receptors, KIDNEY tubules, ANGIOTENSIN receptors, ANGIOTENSIN II
Abstract

Introduction: The aims of this study were to assess the renal expression of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R), angiotensin II type 2 receptor (AT2R), and MAS receptor in human type 2 diabetic nephropathy (DN).Materials and Methods: In total, 115 patients diagnosed with DN by renal biopsy were enrolled in this study. The protein expression levels of the AT1R, AT2R, and MAS receptors were assessed by immunohistochemistry.Results: The protein expression levels of AT1R, AT2R, and MAS receptor in the renal biopsy tissue were correlated with the pathologic classification of DN. Tubulointerstitial AT1R expression in patients of class IIb was significantly stronger than control samples (p < 0.05). Expression of AT2R and MAS receptors were highest with class IIb DN patients. When DN patients were treated with AT1R blocker (ARB), the expression of AT1R was downregulated (p < 0.05), and the MAS receptor was upregulated in tubular interstitial (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Our results directly observed that renal expression levels of AT1R increase during the early stages of DN, ARB reducing AT1R while increasing MAS receptor. Therefore, ARB should be used as soon as possible in patients with DN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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