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To improve the crushing efficiency and crushing pass rate of high-moisture corn ears (HMCEs), a multi-stage crushing scheme is proposed in this paper. A two-stage crushing device for HMCEs is designed, and the ear crushing process is analyzed. Firstly, a simulation model for HMCEs was established in EDEM software (2018), and the accuracy of the model was verified by the shear test. Subsequently, single-factor simulation experiments were conducted, with the crushing rate serving as the evaluation index. The optimal working parameter ranges for the HMCE device were identified as a primary crushing roller speed of 1200–1600 revolutions per minute (r/min), a secondary crushing roller clearance of 1.5–2.5 mm, and a secondary crushing roller speed of 2750–3750 r/min. A Box–Behnken experiment was conducted to establish a multiple regression equation. With the objective of maximizing the qualified crushing pass rate, the optimal combination of parameters was revealed: a primary crushing roller speed of 1500 r/min, a secondary crushing roller clearance of 2.5 mm, and a secondary crushing roller speed of 3280 r/min. The pass rate of corn cob crushing in the simulation test was 98.2%. The physical tests, using the optimized parameter combination, yielded a qualified crushing rate of 97.5%, which deviates by 0.7% from the simulation results, satisfying the requirement of a qualified crushing rate exceeding 95%. The experimental outcomes validate the rationality of the proposed crushing scheme and the accuracy of the model, providing a theoretical foundation for subsequent research endeavors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostomatean ciliates inhabit a wide range of aquatic environments and serve as a trophic link in food webs. However, the biodiversity and molecular phylogeny of the Prostomatea, especially the order Prostomatida, is poorly known owing to undersampling and the paucity of molecular data. Here, three prostomatid ciliates, Platina marina gen. nov. sp. nov. Parametacystis pulchra gen. nov. sp. nov. and Apsiktrata gracilis , were studied based on morphological data and small subunit ribosomal ribonucleic acid (SSU rRNA) gene sequences. The two new genera show a close relationship with the class Plagiopylea but a distant relationship with Metacystis , which bears a strong morphological similarity to the two new genera. The simplified oral ciliature can be regarded as a synapomorphy of the two new genera. The SSU rRNA gene of a representative of the family Apsiktratidae was sequenced for the first time. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Apsiktratidae might be more closely related to Prorodontida than to Prostomatida, and the oral basket might be more phylogenetically informative than the brosse in distinguishing Prorodontida and Prostomatida. Supplementation with rare taxa reveals a close association between the Prostomatida and Trimyemidae. The putative secondary structure of the SSU rRNA V9 region suggests a sister relationship between the order Prostomatida and the class Plagiopylea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal heating in northern areas generally suffers from heat sources, heat grid gaps, and high dependence on fossil fuels. It is difficult to guarantee the heating effect of incremental buildings at the end of the building, and relying on traditional capacity expansion methods has caused a waste of social resources to a certain extent. A “no capacity increase” municipal heating electric supplementary heating technology for urban heat exchange stations is proposed. First, the design concept of the electric supplementary heating system is explained. Then, the investment calculation model of the electric supplementary heating system is established. Finally, an office building in Shijingshan, Beijing is used as a research example to perform simulation calculations.

Significant advances have been achieved in understanding the critical role of enhancer RNAs (eRNAs) in the complex field of gene regulation. However, notable uncertainty remains concerning the biology of eRNAs, highlighting the need for continued research to uncover their exact functions in cellular processes and diseases. We present a comprehensive study to scrutinize mutation density patterns, mutation strand bias, and mutation burden in eRNAs across multiple cancer types. Our findings reveal that eRNAs exhibit mutation strand bias akin to that observed in protein-coding RNAs. We also identified a novel pattern, in which mutation density is notably diminished around the central region of the eRNA, but conspicuously elevated towards both the beginning and end. This pattern can be potentially explained by a mechanism involving heightened transcriptional activity and the activation of transcription-coupled repair. The central regions of the eRNAs appear to be more conserved, hinting at a potential mechanism preserving their structural and functional integrity, while the extremities may be more susceptible to mutations due to increased exposure. The evolutionary trajectory of this mutational pattern suggests a nuanced adaptation in eRNAs, where stability at their core coexists with flexibility at their extremities, potentially facilitating their diverse interactions with other genetic entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subclass Cyrtophoria is a group of morphologically specialized ciliates with diverse characteristics, which can be found in a variety of aquatic and terrestrial habitats. In the present study, two cyrtophorian ciliates, Aegyria oliva Claparède & Lachmann, 1859 and A. peculiaris sp. nov., isolated from coastal waters of China, were investigated based on microscopic observations of live and protargol-stained specimens, and SSU rRNA gene sequence analyses. For A. oliva, the type species of the genus, detailed morphometric data, and improved diagnosis are provided. The new species, Aegyria peculiaris sp. nov. is characterized by a body size of 70–115 × 30–65 μm in vivo, an inverted oval body shape with a protrusion at the anterior left and a posterior bulge on the dorsal side, 45–58 somatic kineties, 31–46 nematodesmal rods, 4–6 transpodial segments, and about six contractile vacuoles. Phylogenetic analyses unveiled a close relationship between the newly identified species and A. foissneri, thereby confirming the monophyly of the genus Aegyria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]