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Bladder cancer (BC) ranks as the tenth most common cancer globally. Histopathologically, BC is broadly categorized into urothelial and non-urothelial BC. Urothelial carcinoma represents over 90% of BC in most regions worldwide. The standard treatment procedure for diagnosing and treating non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is transurethral resection of bladder tumors (TURBT). Currently, the standard of care for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy. Cryoablation therapy is a medical technique that uses extremely low temperatures to destroy diseased tissue. This treatment serves as a therapeutic tool for both benign and malignant diseases in organs such as the kidney, prostate gland, lung, liver, and breast, and is particularly effective for unresectable tumors, offering less trauma, quick recovery, good tolerability, and symptom control. However, cryoablation has its limitations. Over the past few years, cryoablation therapy has emerged as a new method for treating early BC. This treatment is minimally invasive, precise, and offers quick recovery, providing patients with a new treatment option. Although randomized studies are still limited, increasing evidence suggests its potential application in bladder cancer combined with transurethral resection (TURBT) or medication. Cryoablation is not standard therapy for bladder cancer. Treatment decisions should be discussed by a multidisciplinary team of urologists, oncologists, and interventional physicians and require more randomized controlled trials to define patient selection criteria and treatment approaches.

To improve the accuracy of news communication between readers and audiences, it is necessary to avoid the errors generated in the process of news translation so as to make the English translation of news content expression more in line with the actual situation, thus ensuring the authenticity of news dissemination. In this paper, the MapReduce multiple regression model is constructed by optimizing the classical multiple linear regression model in terms of maximum likelihood estimation and gradient descent algorithm with the aim of reducing the errors in the process of English translation of news. This model is used to analyze the errors generated by the English translation process and finally proposes a method for improving translation accuracy based on the factors causing the errors. After testing, the F-value, P-value, and R² of the degree of fit of the MapReduce model are 54.39, 0.005, and 0.893, respectively. Furthermore, the model passed the significance test. The Pearson coefficients of the 4 types of translation errors in the MapReduce multiple linear regression model were −0.673, −0.622, −0.584, and −0.736, respectively, all of which were significantly negatively correlated with the truthfulness of news dissemination at the 1% level. The model analyzes that the three kinds of translation errors are basically between 2%-4%, 7%-20%, and 2%-4%, and puts forward reasonable opinions on the avoidance of the four kinds of errors, namely, “pragmatic translation, cultural translation, linguistic translation and text-specific translation”, which generate errors in the process of the English translation of news.

The dynamic change of goaf determines the complexity between limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion and its influencing factors. In order to achieve accurate prediction of limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion, the grey correlation analysis was introduced to quantitatively analyze the correlation between the superior intensity limit of air leakage and its influencing factors. Further, the key parameters of support vector regression(SVR) were optimized by improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO), and the prediction model on limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion in goaf was established. Taking the superior intensity limit of air leakage as an example, the standard PSO-SVR and the multiple linear regression model (MLR) were respectively established. Moreover, the models mentioned above were used for predicting the superior intensity limit of air leakage and compared with the existing method of variable-step grid search for optimizing SVR parameters and the neural network. The results show that the grey synthetic degree between the inferior thickness limit of coal and the superior intensity limit of air leakage was the largest, the oxygen concentration and the coal temperature were the second, and the exothermic intensity and the distance of the goaf from the working face were the smallest. The nonlinear relationship between limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion and its influencing factors is more remarkable than the linear relationship. SVR has stronger nonlinear processing ability than neural network method. The relative error between predicted values and real values of IPSO-SVR model is within 2.6%, and its prediction accuracy is better than other four models. It is helpful for the key parameters optimization by IPSO to improve the prediction precision of SVR model. The IPSO-SVR method is effective for the prediction on limit parameters of coal spontaneous combustion.

The Symplocos paniculata , a woody oil plant, has garnered attention for its oil-rich fruit, which exhibits potential for both oil production and ecological restoration endeavors, thereby presenting substantial developmental value. However, the comprehension of the distinctive oil biosynthesis and deposition strategies within the fruit's various compartments, coupled with the tissue-specific biosynthetic pathways yielding optimal fatty acid profiles, remains in its infancy. This investigation was designed to delineate the tissue specificity of oil biosynthetic disparities and to elucidate the molecular underpinnings within the fruit mesocarp and seeds of S. paniculata , employing lipidomic and transcriptomic analyses. The results revealed that oil biosynthesis within the fruit mesocarp commences approximately 40 days prior to that within the seeds, with a concomitant higher lipid content observed in the mesocarp, reaching 43% as opposed to 30% in the seeds. The fruit mesocarp was found to be enriched with palmitic acid (C16:0) and exhibited a harmonious ratio of saturated, monounsaturated, to polyunsaturated fatty acids (SFA: MUFA: PUFA=1:1:1), in stark contrast to the seed oil, which is predominantly composed of unsaturated fatty acids, accounting for 90% of its total FA content. Microstructural assessments have unveiled divergent oil deposition modalities; the fruit mesocarp oils are predominantly sequestered within oil cells (OC) and a spectrum of lipid droplets (LD), whereas the seeds predominantly harbor uniformly-sized LD. The expression patterns of pivotal genes implicated in oil biosynthesis were observed to be markedly contingent upon the tissue type and developmental stage. Notably, the light-responsive fatty acid synthase (FAS) gene demonstrated preferential transcription within the fruit mesocarp. In contrast, genes pivotal for carbon chain elongation, such as 3-ketoacyl-ACP synthase II (KASII) and fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase A (FATA), and desaturation, typified by Stearoyl-ACP desaturase (SAD) and Fatty Acid Desaturase (FAD), were noted to be more robustly transcribed within the seeds. Furthermore, isoenzyme gene families integral to the assembly of triacylglycerol (TAG), including long-chain acyl-CoA synthetases (LACSs), glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPATs), and lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferases (LPATs), exhibited pronounced tissue specificity. This research endeavors to clarify the molecular regulatory mechanisms that oversee oil biosynthesis within both seed and non-seed tissues of oilseed-bearing plants with entire fruits. Collectively, these findings lay the groundwork and offer technical scaffolding for future targeted cultivation of woody oil plants, with the ultimate aim of augmenting fruit oil yield and refining FA compositions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The GaN photoconductive semiconductor switches (PCSSs) with low leakage current and large on-state current are suitable for several applications, including fast switching and high-power electromagnetic pulse equipment. This paper demonstrates a high-power GaN lateral PCSS device. An output peak current of 142.2 A is reached with an input voltage of 10.28 kV when the GaN lateral PCSS is intrinsically triggered. In addition, the method of retaining the AlGaN/GaN heterostructure between electrodes on PCSSs is proposed, which results in increasing the output peak current of the PCSS. The damage mechanism of the PCSS caused by a high electric field and high excitation laser energy is analyzed. The obtained results show that the high heat generated by the large current leads to the decomposition of GaN, and thus, the Ga forms a metal conductive path, resulting in the failure of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic and severe autoimmune disease characterised by persistent inflammation. Hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) and glucocorticoids (GCs) are the primary agents commonly used in combination as the first‐line treatment for SLE. Nevertheless, the specific mechanisms responsible for the effectiveness of this combined therapy with HCQ and GCs have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to reveal the mechanism behind combined HCQ and GC treatment in lupus. Methods: An SLE IgG‐induced inflammation model was used to investigate the anti‐inflammatory effects of HCQ and dexamethasone (DXM). A glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (GIOP) model was used to investigate the inhibitory effect of HCQ on osteoclastogenesis. Inflammation was assessed by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Bone metabolism was determined structurally via microcomputer tomography and in bone marrow‐derived osteoclast cultures. Results: An SLE IgG‐induced inflammation model demonstrated that HCQ could not ameliorate inflammation alone but could enhance the anti‐inflammatory effect of GCs by decreasing the expression of FcγRI on macrophages. HCQ inhibited osteoclastogenesis induced by GCs and RANKL by upregulating nuclear factor erythroid 2‐related factor 2 and limiting reactive oxygen species formation, which mitigated GC‐induced bone loss. Conclusion: The results indicate that HCQ improved the anti‐inflammatory effects of GCs and inhibits the osteoclastogenesis in experimental lupus. This study offers valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying the combined treatment of lupus with HCQ and GCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive study of proton irradiation reliability on a bilayer dielectrics SiNx/Al2O3 MIS-HEMT, the common Schottky gate HEMT, and a single dielectric layer MIS-HEMT with SiNx and with Al2O3 for comparison is conducted in this paper. Combining the higher displacement threshold energy of Al2O3 with the better surface passivation of the SiNx layer, the bilayer dielectrics MIS-HEMT presents much smaller degradation of structural materials and of device electrical performance after proton irradiation. Firstly, the least of the defects caused by irradiation suggesting the smallest structural material degradation is observed in the bilayer dielectrics MIS-HEMT through simulations. Then, DC and RF electrical performance of four kinds of devices before and after proton irradiation are studied through simulation and experiments. The smallest threshold voltage degradation rate, the smallest maximum on-current degradation and Gm degradation, the largest cut-off frequency, and the lowest cut-off frequency degradation are found in the bilayer dielectrics MIS-HEMT among four kinds of devices. The degradation results of both structural materials and electrical performance reveal that the bilayer dielectrics MIS-HEMT performs best after irradiation and had better radiation resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascorbate oxidase (AAO) plays an important role in maintaining cellular redox homeostasis, thereby influencing plant growth, development, and responses to both biotic and abiotic stresses. However, there has been no systematic characterization of AAO genes in Citrus, especially their roles in response to cold stress. In the present study, nine AAO genes were identified in C. sinensis through bioinformatics analyses, exhibiting uneven distribution across four chromosomes. All CsAAOs possessed three conserved domains and were predicted to localize in the apoplast. The CsAAO gene family displayed varied intron–exon patterns. Phylogenetic analysis categorized the CsAAO family into three main clades (Clade A–C), suggesting distinct biological functions. Collinearity and Ka/Ks analysis revealed three duplicate gene pairs within the CsAAO gene family, with all duplicated CsAAOs primarily evolving under purifying selection. Analysis of cis-acting elements showed the presence of multiple hormone response elements and stress response elements within the CsAAO promoters. The computational analysis of microRNA target transcripts suggested that CsAAO9 may be a target of csi-miR156. RNA-Seq data demonstrated high expression levels of CsAAOs in roots and young fruits, while qRT-PCR analysis showed significant upregulation of six CsAAOs in response to cold treatment. Furthermore, the activities of CsAAOs exhibited a pattern of initial decrease followed by an increase after exposure to low temperatures. These findings offer important insights into the role of CsAAOs in response to cold stress. Furthermore, AAOs could be target genes for breeding crops with better cold resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]