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Carnosine dipeptidase 1 (CNDP1), an enzyme integral to the hydrolysis of dipeptides containing histidine, plays an indispensable role in myriad physiological processes, including hydrolysis of proteins, maturation of specific biochemical functionalities within proteins, tissue regeneration, and regulation of cell cycle. However, the implications of CNDP1 in oncogenesis and its prognostic value are not yet fully elucidated. Initially, we procured the GSE40367 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus and established a protein–protein interaction network. Thereafter, we conducted functional and pathway enrichment analyses utilizing GO, KEGG, and GSEA. Moreover, we undertook an association analysis concerning the expression of CNDP1 with immune infiltration, along with survival analysis across various cancers and specifically in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Our study uncovered a total of 2,248 differentially expressed genes, with a down-regulation of CNDP1 in HCC and other cancers. Our explorations into the relationship between CNDP1 and immune infiltration disclosed a negative correlation between CNDP1 expression and the presence of immune cells in HCC. Survival analyses revealed that diminished expression of CNDP1 correlates with an adverse prognosis in HCC and several other types of cancer. These observations intimate that CNDP1 holds promise as a novel prognostic biomarker for both pan-cancer and HCC.

As a high-quality peptide source with rich sources, natural environmental protection and none side effects，high Fischer ratio oligopeptides widely exist in natural animals and plants.High Fischer ratio oligopeptides have a variety of biological activities, such as anti-fatigue, anti-oxidation, sobering up, adjuvant treatment of liver disease and phenylketonuria. Because of its high content of branched chain amino acids, high Fischer ratio oligopeptides can improve the imbalance between branched chain amino acids and aromatic amino acids in patients with liver disease, and play an important role in the adjuvant treatment of chronic liver disease and its complications. This paper mainly reviews the raw materials, preparation, separation and purification methods, liver protection efficacy and action mechanism of food-derived high Fischer ratio oligopeptides, focusing on the introduction of several raw material proteins including plant protein, aquatic product protein and milk derived protein in animal protein, two preparation methods including enzymatic hydrolysis and microbial fermentation, several separation and purification methods including membrane separation, activated carbon adsorption and chromatographic separation, and the liver protection effect of high Fischer ratio oligopeptides and three ways to play the role of liver protection. This review is trying to provide a theoretical reference for the future development and application of food-derived high Fischer ratio oligopeptides in the field of food and medicine.

Migration of keratinocytes plays a crucial role in the re‐epithelialization phase during wound healing. Circular RNA (circRNA) protein kinase, DNA‐activated, catalytic subunit (circ_PRKDC, hsa_circ_0084443) has been identified as a regulator of keratinocyte migration. However, the molecular basis governing it remains unclear. The levels of circ_PRKDC, microRNA (miR)‐20a‐3p, and RAS p21 protein activator 1 (RASA1) were assessed by quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) or western blot. Subcellular localization, Actinomycin D, and Ribonuclease (RNase) R assays were performed to characterise circ_PRKDC. Cell migration was gauged by transwell and wound‐healing assays. A direct relationship between miR‐20a‐3p and circ_PRKDC or RASA1 was verified by dual‐luciferase reporter and RNA pull‐down assays. Circ_PRKDC expression was reduced in wound skin during wound healing. Circ_PRKDC modulated migration of HaCaT keratinocytes. Mechanistically, circ_PRKDC directly targeted miR‐20a‐3p. The regulation of circ_PRKDC on HaCaT keratinocyte migration was mediated by miR‐20a‐3p. RASA1 was identified as a direct and functional target of miR‐20a‐3p, and miR‐20a‐3p‐mediated inhibition of RASA1 impacted HaCaT keratinocyte migration. Circ_PRKDC acted as a post‐transcriptional modulator of RASA1 expression through miR‐20a‐3p. Moreover, circ_PRKDC modulated migration of HaCaT keratinocytes by RASA1. Our findings demonstrated a novel molecular basis, the miR‐20a‐3p/RASA1 axis, for the regulation of circ_PRKDC on HaCaT keratinocyte migration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary biliary cholangitis (PBC) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic destruction of the bile ducts. A major unanswered question regarding the pathogenesis of PBC is the precise mechanisms of small bile duct injury. Emperipolesis is one of cell‐in‐cell structures that is a potential histological hallmark associated with chronic hepatitis B. This study aimed to clarify the pathogenesis and characteristics of emperipolesis in PBC liver injury. Sixty‐six PBC patients, diagnosed by liver biopsy combined with laboratory test, were divided into early‐stage PBC (stages I and II, n = 39) and late‐stage PBC (stages III and IV, n = 27). Emperipolesis was measured in liver sections stained with haematoxylin‐eosin. The expressions of CK19, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, Ki67 and apoptosis of BECs were evaluated by immunohistochemistry or immunofluorescence double labelling. Emperipolesis was observed in 62.1% of patients with PBC, and BECs were predominantly host cells. The number of infiltrating CD3+ and CD8+ T cells correlated with the advancement of emperipolesis (R2 = 0.318, P <.001; R2 = 0.060, P <.05). The cell numbers of TUNEL‐positive BECs and double staining for CK19 and Ki67 showed a significant positive correlation with emperipolesis degree (R2 = 0.236, P <.001; R2 = 0.267, P <.001). We conclude that emperipolesis mediated by CD8+ T cells appears to be relevant to apoptosis of BEC and thus may aggravate the further injury of interlobular bile ducts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]