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Abstract Background Cancer burden from the elderly has been rising largely due to the aging population. However, research on the long‐term epidemiological trends in cancer of the elderly is lacking. Methods Registry data of this population‐based cross‐sectional study were from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database. The study population aged 65 years or more, from geographically distinct regions. Joinpoint regression and JP Surv method were used to analyze cancer trends and survival. Results Mortality rate during 1975–2020 decreased from 995.20 to 824.99 per 100,000 elderly persons, with an average annual decrease of 0.421% (95% CI, 0.378–0.464). While overall incidence increased with no significance. Prostate (29%) and breast (26%) cancer were the most common malignancies, respectively, in elderly males and females, and the mortality for both of the two (prostate 15%, breast 14%) ranked just behind lung and bronchus cancer, which had the highest mortality rates in males (29%) and females (23%). Many cancers showed adverse trends in the latest follow‐up periods (the last period calculated by the Joinpoint method). For intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, incidence (male Annual Percentage Change [APC] = 7.4*; female APC = 6.7*) and mortality (male APC = 3.0*; female APC = 3.3*) increased relatively fast, and its survival was also terrible (3‐year survival only 10%). Other cancers with recent increasing mortality included cancer of anus, anal canal and anorectum, retroperitoneum, pleura, peritoneum, etc. Most cancers had favorable trends of survival during the nearest follow‐up period. Conclusion Against the background of overall improvement, many cancers showed adverse trends. Further research for the underlying mechanisms and targeted implements towards adverse trends is also urgent.

Biogenic amines (BA) are the general term for a class of bioactive low-molecular mass organic compounds containing amino groups. Excessive intake of BA will cause adverse physiological reactions and even endanger life. This article presents a systematic review of the sources, biosynthetic mechanism, microbial traceability, detection technologies, and influential factors of BA in wine, as well as the strategies used to control BA during winemaking. This article will provide theoretical guidance for efficient analysis and control of BA in wine, which will in turn promote the healthy and green development of the Chinese wine industry.

WO3-ZrO2 solid acid catalysts were prepared by the impregnation method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), and pyridine adsorbed IR spectroscopy (Py-IR). The catalysts were used for catalytic deoxygenation of Jatropha curcas oil. The optimal conditions for the deoxygenation of the generated oil were obtained by response surface methodology based on Box-Behnken four-factor experiments. Response surface methodology (RSM) was applied while determining the optimal conditions for the Jatropha oil deoxygenation percentage. The rate was calculated based on Box-Behnken four-factor experiments, with reaction temperature, catalyst amount, reaction time, and reaction pressure as independent variables and the deoxygenation of Jatropha curcas oil as response values. The optimal reaction conditions obtained were a temperature of 370 °C, pressure of 2 MPa, time of 7 h, and catalyst amount of 0.22 g. The deoxygenation percentage of the generated oil under the optimal conditions was 95.1%, which was close to the theoretical value, indicating that the model was reliable. The generated oil contained more jet fuel components, with 68.1% C8-C16, 12.0% isoalkanes, 14.2% cycloalkanes, and 8.9% aromatic compounds under the optimum conditions. This study provides an effective and simple method for preparation of bio-aviation fuel.

Exploring the different spin states of central metals in the complex to regulate the anti-tumor activity of cancer cells is of great significance in drug design and clinical use. However, it is a challenge to build a strong coupling between spin states and anti-tumor activities in one system. Herein, we present two complexes {FeII2L2[PdII(CN)4]2}·2H2O (L = Bztpen (1), Bztppn (2); Bztpen = N-benzyl-N,N′,N′-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine, Bztppn = N-benzyl-N,N′,N′-tris(2-pyridylmethyl)propylenediamine) showing different cytotoxic activities actuated by fine-tuning the structure with different spin states of Fe(II). Magnetic susceptibility measurements and X-ray diffraction revealed that the Fe(II) ion in complexes 1 and 2 remains in the LS and HS state, respectively, at room temperature. Cytotoxicity tests indicate that complex 1 is more biologically effective than complex 2. In complex 2, however, the high-spin Fe(II) played a key role in regulating its in vitro antitumor effects and seems to be associated with ROS-mediated apoptosis. These findings offer a new avenue for developing anti-cancer drugs by designing complexes with different spin states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exosomes, a specific subset of extracellular vesicles, have diverse functions in various biological processes. In the field of cancer research, there has been a growing interest in the potential of exosomes to act as versatile vehicles for targeted tumor imaging and therapy. In this study, we constructed a targeted delivery platform using hypoimmunogenic exosomes by genetically modifying β2‐microglobulin knocking‐out HEK‐293F cells to express a fusion protein, referred to as αMUC1‐Exo, which comprises the exosomal membrane‐enriched platelet‐derived growth factor receptor, intracellular nanoluciferase, and extracellular anti‐MUC1 single‐chain variable fragment. The findings of this study indicate that αMUC1‐Exos exhibited notable drug delivery properties toward MUC1‐positive pancreatic cancer cells, resulting in a substantial inhibition of tumor growth. Moreover, these exosomes demonstrated a high level of biosafety and the absence of any adverse effects. The application of engineered exosomes as a vehicle for drug delivery holds promise for enhancing the immunogenicity of neoplastic cells following treatment, thereby inducing antitumor immune memory in mice with intact immune systems, and also improving the response to anti‐PD1 therapy. This approach utilizing engineered exosomes for Gemcitabine administration holds promise as a potential strategy for overcoming drug resistance in pancreatic carcinoma thereby improving the overall treatment efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, novel Ni2P/WO3-ZrO2 bifunctional catalysts are prepared by an isovolume impregnation method. A series of characterizations (e.g., Py-IR, TEM, and XPS) demonstrated that the introduction of WO3 resulted in the acidity of the carrier and the formation of a well-dispersed Ni2P crystalline phase. The hydrodeoxygenation and hydroisomerization properties were evaluated by single-factor experiments using stearic acid as a model compound. Under the same conditions (solvent-free and relatively mild), the product obtained with a low amount of catalyst (stearic acid:catalyst = 40:1 wt.%) has a high deoxygenation rate (> 96%). The addition of an acidic carrier also gave the catalyst excellent hydroisomerization properties, which were excellent for increasing the low-temperature fluidity of the biodiesel. In addition, the effects of catalyst dosage, H2 pressure, reaction temperature, and reaction time on the hydroisomerization of stearic acid were investigated using the response surface method. In the response surface experiments, the deoxygenation rate of all experimental products is above 98%. The increase in catalyst dosage, reaction temperature, and decrease in H2 pressure favored the increase in isoparaffin content, and the reaction time had the least effect. The isoparaffin content varied significantly in response surface experiments, with molar ratios in the product ranging from 3 to 30%. There are interactions between the independent variables and a high coefficient of determination of the regression model (R2 = 0.9729), indicating that the experimental results were in good agreement with the model predictions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the development of a new method for producing seedless watermelons through gene editing. The researchers targeted a specific gene, ClSPL, which resulted in the production of fully diploid seedless fruits. The method was found to be more efficient and cost-effective than traditional breeding methods. The researchers suggest that this approach could be applied to other fruit crops to produce nontransgenic seedless varieties. The article provides detailed information on the methods used and presents the results of various analyses on pollen viability, chromosomal behavior, fruit firmness, and nutrient content. The document also includes acknowledgements, information about the authors' contributions, and references to other relevant studies. [Extracted from the article]

A molecular phylogenetic study was conducted on genus Grandinenia, based on COI and 16S sequences. A total of eight out of 26 species in the genus, as well as three unidentified species were sequenced. Phylogenetic results supported the monophyly of Grandinenia and the validity of all sampled species and subspecies. A new species, Grandinenia jiangjilini Chen, Lin, Wu & Ouyang, sp. nov., from Guangxi, southern China is identified and described, based on morphological comparison and molecular phylogeny. The discovery indicates that the inflated-fusiform shell is not isolated in genus Grandinenia and the species diversity of the genus still remains to be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]