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Currently, the product quality of China’s manufacturing industry is uneven and has a notable gap with that of developed countries. Improving the quality of manufactured products is vital for upgrading China’s manufacturing industry and promoting the core competitiveness of the industry. In this study, we first analyze the development characteristics regarding the quality of the manufacturing industry, and then examine the development trend and prominent problems regarding the product quality of China’s manufacturing industry. While summarizing international experiences, we propose several suggestions for product quality improvement. Specifically, China should (1) clarify the strategic positioning of product quality development and strengthen the coherence of national quality policies; (2) focus on the needs of future industrial development by implementing three action plans; (3) accelerate the innovation of quality management theories, technologies, and tools under the guidance of digital transformation; (4) integrate the industrial quality infrastructure to support the product quality improvement; (5) reconstruct the quality development environment to promote enterprises’ willingness in improving product quality; and (6) maximize the institutional advantages of the country to implement foundation projects for improving product quality.

Transition metal phosphides (TMPs) and phosphates (TM‐Pis) nanostructures are promising functional materials for energy storage and conversion. Nonetheless, controllable synthesis of crystalline/amorphous heterogeneous TMPs/TM‐Pis nanohybrids or related nanoarchitectures remains challenging, and their electrocatalytic applications toward overall water splitting (OWS) are not fully explored. Herein, the Ni2P nanocrystals anchored on amorphous V‐Pi nanosheet based porous flower‐like nanohybrid architectures that are self‐supported on carbon cloth (CC) substrate (Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC) are fabricated by conformal oxidation and phosphorization of pre‐synthesized NiV‐LDH/CC. Due to the unique microstructures and strong synergistic effects of crystalline Ni2P and amorphous V‐Pi components, the obtained Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC owns abundant active sites, suitable surface/interface electronic structure and optimized adsorption‐desorption of reaction intermediates, resulting in outstanding electrocatalytic performances toward hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions in alkaline media. Correspondingly, the assembled Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC||Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC electrolyzer only needs an ultralow cell voltage (1.44 V) to deliver 10 mA cm−2 water‐splitting currents, exceeding its counterparts, recently reported bifunctional catalysts‐based devices, and Pt/C/CC||IrO2/CC pairs. Moreover, the Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC||Ni2P/V‐Pi/CC manifests remarkable stability. Also, such device shows a certain prospect for OWS in acidic media. This work may spur the development of TMPs/TMPis‐based nanohybrid architectures by combining structure and phase engineering, and push their applications in OWS or other clean energy options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalyst/support interaction plays a vital role in catalysis towards acidic oxygen evolution (OER), and the performance reinforcement is currently interpreted by either strain or electron donation effect. We herein report that these views are insufficient, where the dynamic evolution of the interface under potential bias must be considered. Taking Nb2O5−x supported iridium (Ir/Nb2O5−x) as a model catalyst, we uncovered the dynamic migration of oxygen species between IrOx and Nb2O5−x during OER. Direct spectroscopic evidence combined with theoretical computation suggests these migrations not only regulate the in situ Ir structure towards boosted activity, but also suppress its over‐oxidation via spontaneously delivering excessive oxygen from IrOx to Nb2O5−x. The optimized Ir/Nb2O5−x thus demonstrated exceptional performance in scalable water electrolyzers, i.e. only need 1.839 V to attain 3 A cm−2 (surpassing the DOE 2025 target), and no activity decay during a 2000 h test at 2 A cm−2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalyst/support interaction plays a vital role in catalysis towards acidic oxygen evolution (OER), and the performance reinforcement is currently interpreted by either strain or electron donation effect. We herein report that these views are insufficient, where the dynamic evolution of the interface under potential bias must be considered. Taking Nb 2 O 5-x supported iridium (Ir/Nb 2 O 5-x ) as a model catalyst, we uncovered the dynamic migration of oxygen species between IrO x and Nb 2 O 5-x during OER. Direct spectroscopic evidence combined with theoretical computation suggests these migrations not only regulate the in situ Ir structure towards boosted activity, but also suppress its over-oxidation via spontaneously delivering excessive oxygen from IrO x to Nb 2 O 5-x . The optimized Ir/Nb 2 O 5-x thus demonstrated exceptional performance in scalable water electrolyzers, i.e., only need 1.839 V to attain 3 A cm -2 (surpassing the DOE 2025 target), and no activity decay during a 2000 h test at 2 A cm -2 ., (© 2022 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Polymer electrolyte membrane water electrolysis (PEMWE) is regarded as one of the most important cornerstone technologies in the upcoming hydrogen society. However, one of the major problems it encounters is its slow oxygen evolution kinetics, which necessitates the use of large amounts of precious metal catalysts to ensure a satisfactory reaction rate. Herein, we have prepared a series of RuO x with porous structures and ultrahigh Ru utilization toward the oxygen evolution reaction. All porous samples exhibit an enhanced catalytic performance compared with commercial RuO x . Particularly, for the RuO x -350 sample, the overpotential to reach 10 mA cm -2 is as low as 225 mV. It has obvious advantages among all reported pure RuO 2 -based catalysts. Here, a new strategy was raised to construct efficient RuO 2 electrocatalysts with outstanding activity and stability for water electrolysis technology.