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TiO2 is one of the most studied semiconductor materials for the photoelectrochemical water splitting to hydrogen production, but it only responds to ultraviolet light. The introduction of organic compound is one of the common means to expand the visible light response of TiO2. In this work, rutile TiO2 nanowire arrays (NWs) were grown on conductive glass by a modified solvothermal method using oleic acid as the key additive. The obtained TiO2 NWs are characterized using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization. The results show that the carboxyl groups arising from oleic acid are chemically bonded with the TiO2 NWs in the form of chelating bidentate, which increases the visible light absorption range and active sites of TiO2, and reduces the transfer resistance between the photoelectrode and the electrolyte. The photocurrent density is doubled to 0.17 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. This work provides a novel idea for the design of metal oxide semiconductor photoanodes by adsorbing organic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The self-doping of oxygen vacancy and Ti3+ by electrochemical reduction (ER) method has been proved to be an effective means to improve the PEC performance of TiO2. However, the effect of the surface structure on ER treatment remains ambiguous. In this work, three kinds of nanostructured rutile TiO2 (nanowire arrays (TNWs), etched nanowire arrays (E-TNWs) and nanorod arrays (TNRs)) were reduced electrochemically to explore the factors influencing the ER process of rutile TiO2. The experimental results show that alkaline environment (1 M NaOH) is more conducive to the occurrence of ER reaction. And the reduced three kinds of nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes show a significantly higher photocurrent density of about 1.46, 1.65 and 1.45 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. relative hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively, which are 15, 16 and 1.1 times that of pristine TiO2. The different degrees of photocurrent density enhancement can be ascribed to the different degrees of electrochemical reduction of TiO2 with different crystallinity and exposed crystal facets as well as specific surface area. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of electrochemical reduction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the H9N2 subtype avian influenza virus (H9N2 AIV) evolves naturally, mutations in the hemagglutinin (HA) protein still occur, which involves some sites with glycosylations. It is widely established that glycosylation of the H9N2 AIV HA protein has a major impact on the antigenicity and pathogenicity of the virus. However, the biological implications of a particular glycosylation modification site (GMS) have not been well investigated. In this study, we generated viruses with different GMSs based on wild-type (WT) viruses. Antigenicity studies revealed that the presence of viruses with a 200G+/295G− mutation (with glycosylation at position 200 and deletion of glycosylation at position 295 in the HA protein) combined with a single GMS, such as 87G+, 127G+, 148G+, 178G+, or 265G+, could significantly affect the antigenicity of the virus. Pathogenicity assays revealed that the addition of GMS, such as 127G+, 188G+, 148G+, 178G+, or 54G+, decreased the virulence of the virus in mice, except for 87G+. The removal of GMS, such as 280G− or 295G−, increased the pathogenicity of the virus in mice. Further studies on pathogenicity revealed that 87G+/295G− could also enhance the pathogenicity of the virus. Finally, we selected the WT, WT-87G+, WT-295G−, and WT-87G+/295G− strains as our further research targets to investigate the detailed biological properties of the viruses. GMS, which can enhance viral pathogenicity, did not significantly affect replication or viral stability in vitro but significantly promoted the expression of proinflammatory factors to enhance inflammatory responses in mouse lungs. These findings further deepen our understanding of the influence of the glycosylation of the HA protein of H9N2 AIV on the pathogenicity and antigenicity of the virus in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, most of the preservation records of Peking Opera remain in the ways of video and text, and the digitalization degree is far lower than the development level of science and technology. The immaterial cultural heritage cannot be fully displayed and Peking Opera’s value is weakened. Therefore, adopting advanced motion capture technology is of great significance to the protection and inheritance of Peking Opera. We use optical motion capture equipment to record the movement information of Peking Opera actors, then keep the human skeleton information in a specific file format. After that, the hierarchical human action skeleton model was analysed, and the final score was obtained by comparing the change sequence of information of reference action and training action skeleton with the improved DTW algorithm. We have realized the graphical interface of the system, and the trainer can easily select the action segments to train or select a specific body part for specific action training. This paper introduces the overall design framework of our Peking Opera action scoring system, including the collection of action information, the implementation of scoring algorithm and the design of software interface.

The self-doping of oxygen vacancy and Ti3+ by electrochemical reduction (ER) method has been proved to be an effective means to improve the PEC performance of TiO2. However, the effect of the surface structure on ER treatment remains ambiguous. In this work, three kinds of nanostructured rutile TiO2 (nanowire arrays (TNWs), etched nanowire arrays (E-TNWs) and nanorod arrays (TNRs)) were reduced electrochemically to explore the factors influencing the ER process of rutile TiO2. The experimental results show that alkaline environment (1 M NaOH) is more conducive to the occurrence of ER reaction. And the reduced three kinds of nanostructured TiO2 photoanodes show a significantly higher photocurrent density of about 1.46, 1.65 and 1.45 mA cm−2 at 1.23 V vs. relative hydrogen electrode (RHE), respectively, which are 15, 16 and 1.1 times that of pristine TiO2. The different degrees of photocurrent density enhancement can be ascribed to the different degrees of electrochemical reduction of TiO2 with different crystallinity and exposed crystal facets as well as specific surface area. This study provides new insights into the mechanism of electrochemical reduction method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

TiO 2 is one of the most studied semiconductor materials for the photoelectrochemical water splitting to hydrogen production, but it only responds to ultraviolet light. The introduction of organic compound is one of the common means to expand the visible light response of TiO 2 . In this work, rutile TiO 2 nanowire arrays (NWs) were grown on conductive glass by a modified solvothermal method using oleic acid as the key additive. The obtained TiO 2 NWs are characterized using x-ray diffraction, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and electrochemical characterization. The results show that the carboxyl groups arising from oleic acid are chemically bonded with the TiO 2 NWs in the form of chelating bidentate, which increases the visible light absorption range and active sites of TiO 2 , and reduces the transfer resistance between the photoelectrode and the electrolyte. The photocurrent density is doubled to 0.17 mA cm -2 at 1.23 V vs. RHE. This work provides a novel idea for the design of metal oxide semiconductor photoanodes by adsorbing organic compounds., (© 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.)