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The infrared conformal window is one of the most critical components in aircraft. Conformal windows with high performance bring low aberrations, high aerodynamic performance, reliability in extreme working environments, and added value for aircraft. Through the past decades, remarkable advances have been achieved in manufacturing technologies for conformal windows, where the machining accuracy approaches the nanometer level, and the surface form becomes more complex. These advances are critical to aircraft development, and these manufacturing technologies also have significant reference values for other directions of the ultra-precision machining field. In this review, the infrared materials suitable for manufacturing conformal windows are introduced and compared with insights into their performances. The remarkable advances and concrete work accomplished by researchers are reviewed. The challenges in manufacturing conformal windows that should be faced in the future are discussed.

Silver nanoparticles protected by modified hyperbranched polymer (amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerol, mHPG) were prepared and dispersed in base fluids with different polarities to form nanofluids. The effect of temperature on the preparation of silver nanoparticles was also studied. The stability of the water/toluene-based silver nanofluids and the improvement of the thermal conductivity of the silver nanofluids with different concentrations (0.05–0.5 wt%) and temperatures (25–50 °C) are discussed. The silver nanoparticles were used as quasi-homogeneous catalysts for the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) and rhodamine B (RhB). The experimental results showed that the silver nanoparticles prepared at 25 °C can be stably dispersed in the base-fluid with different polarity for more than 3 months. The thermal conductivity enhancement of silver nanofluids improved significantly with the rise of mass fraction of silver nanoparticles and temperature. The thermal conductivity of the silver nanofluid with 0.5 wt% Ag@mHPG was improved by up to 80 % at 50 °C. The silver nanoparticles show good catalytic activity and reusability. The maximum reaction rate constants (k) were estimated to be 0.347 min−1 for RhB reduction and 0.114 min−1 for 4-NP reduction. The catalyst was separated readily and the conversion efficiency for 4-NP reduction was over 89 % after five cycles. The silver nanoparticles and nanofluids stabilized by modified hyperbranched polyglycerol could be promising for a wide range of applications in the thermal management systems used as working fluids to improve heat transfer and in quasi-homogeneous catalysis.

Abstract The surrounding rock of tunnels in cold regions are susceptible to the freeze–thaw cycle resulting from the combination of low temperatures and moisture during tunnel service. The phenomenon will not only lead to the expansion of pores and fissures in the surrounding rock of the initial tunnel, but also destroy the integrity of the rock. This destruction will have a serious impact on tunnel structure and rail transit operation safety. At present, the commonly used thermal insulation measures have some problems such as maintenance difficulties, low economic efficiency, and safety hazards. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a kind of tunnel maintenance grouting material with insulation and anti-permeability, which has the characteristics of simple operation, easy preparation and application. We independently developed a composite grouting material composed of polyurethane (PU), epoxy resin (E-51) and acrylic powder (PMMA). Through the material combustion test, magnesium hydroxide was selected as the flame retardant additive. Moreover, we measured the thermal conductivity, water absorption, apparent density, porosity and strength characteristic parameters. The thermal insulation and anti-permeability characteristics of the composites were also analyzed. The results indicated that the thermal conductivity of the new composite grouting material is 6.3% lower than the PU before adding flame retardant. Compared with the PU with flame retardant, the water absorption decreased by 74.4% and the ultimate strength increased by 33.3%. For the area with an average temperature lower than − 10 °C, we recommend the ratio scheme of E-51: 3%; PMMA: 15%. For the area with high water content in the surrounding rock of the tunnel, we recommend the ratio scheme of E-51: 15%; PMMA: 3%. This study provides new ideas for material preparation and tunnel insulation methods for anti-freezing measures in tunnels during their operational period in cold regions.

Abstract Atomic clocks with higher frequency stability and accuracy than traditional space-borne atomic clocks are the cornerstone of long-term autonomous operation of space-time-frequency systems. We proposed a space cold atoms clock based on an intracavity cooling scheme, which captures cold atoms at the center of a microwave cavity and then executes in situ interactions between the cold atoms and microwaves. As a result of the microgravity environment in space, the cold atoms can interact with the microwaves for a longer time, which aids in realizing a high-precision atomic clock in space. This paper presents the overall design, operational characteristics, and reliability test results of the space atomic clock based on the intracavity cooling scheme designed for the operation onboard the China space station. In addition, the engineering prototype performance of the space cold atoms microwave clock is also presented. The ground test results for the clock show a fractional frequency stability of 1.1 × 10−12 τ−1/2 reaching 2.5 × 10−15 at 200,000 s, providing solid technical and data support for its future operation in orbit.

Abstract Aims Surveys and research on the applications of the hepatic venous pressure gradient (HVPG) are important for understanding the current status and future development of this technology in China. This article aimed to investigate the status of hepatic venous pressure gradient measurement in China in 2022. Methods We investigated the overall status of HVPG technology in China—including hospital distribution, hospital level, annual number of cases, catheters used, average cost, indications, and current challenges by using online questionnaire. By counting the number and percentages of cases of these results, we hope to clarify the current status of HVPG measurements in China. Results According to the survey, 85 hospitals in China used HVPG technology in 2022 distributed across 29 provinces. A total of 4989 HVPG measurements were performed in all of the surveyed hospitals in 2022, of which 2813 cases (56.4%) were measured alone. The average cost of HVPG measurement was 5646.8 ± 2327.9 CNY. Of the clinical teams who performed the measurements (sometimes multiple per hospital), 94.3% (82/87) used the balloon method, and the majority of the teams (72.4%, 63/87) used embolectomy catheters. Conclusions This survey clarified the clinical application status of HVPG in China and confirmed that some medical institutions in China have established a foundation for this technology. It is still necessary to continue promoting and popularizing this technology in the future.

Abstract Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a major cause of cardiovascular disease‐related death. It is essential for patients with cardiovascular disease to receive an early diagnosis of AMI. The most popular technique for the early detection of AMI is the use of biosensors to monitor the concentration of pertinent biomarkers, such as cardiac troponin I (cTnI), in the blood. The electrochemical detection methods hold great promise because of their simplicity, miniaturization, ease of integration, high sensitivity, and rapid response. The prime motive of this review is to present a comprehensive understanding of the pros and cons of methodologies employed for the electrochemical approaches toward the detection of cTnI. A detailed summary is provided for the immunosensors, aptamer sensors, molecular imprinting sensors, and peptide sensors based on various affinity elements. We enumerate the modified electrode materials for electrochemical sensors as well as popular detection techniques. Furthermore, this paper reviews some recent significant advances in point‐of‐care assays for rapid, accurate detection of cTnI as a smart integrated device for home monitoring. The accumulation of knowledge about these functions will lead to new insights into and concepts for the design of portable miniature sensors for cardiovascular patients at risk of AMI. It is anticipated that the interdisciplinary collaboration can bring more enlightenment to the progress of cardiac biomarkers sensor in the future.

The lignocellulose reinforced composites are commonly used sustainable materials with good mechanical and physical properties. Aiming to properly dispose and recover the potential value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composites, the pyrolysis behaviour and kinetics of reed straw processing residual/polylactic acid (RSPR/PLA) composites, a typical 3D printing material, was investigated. Based on the TG-FTIR results, the synergistic effects between RSPR and PLA during the pyrolysis process were clarified. Compared with the FTIR spectra of PLA, the absorption peaks of CO and CO2 disappear in the FTIR spectra of RSPR/PLA composite, which indicates RSPR provides additional free radicals for the free radical reaction of PLA, and further promoting the decomposition. The apparent activation energy of the RSPR/PLA composite pyrolysis was calculated by two iso-conversional methods including Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO) and Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS). The average Ea of the RSPR/PLA composite (122.6 kJ mol−1 (FWO) and 117.9 kJ mol−1 (KAS)) was lower than that of solo pyrolysis of RSPR (138.5 kJ mol−1 (FWO) and 135.4 kJ mol−1 (KAS)) and the pure PLA (197.0 kJ mol−1 (FWO) and 196.6 kJ mol−1 (KAS)). The master plot method results suggested the pyrolysis of RSPR/PLA composite followed the one-dimensional (D1) diffusion model. This work provides an environmentally friendly strategy to effective thermo-chemical upgrading of the value of discarded lignocellulose reinforced composite material.

Abstract Online rumors are widespread and difficult to identify, which bring serious harm to society and individuals. To effectively detect and govern online rumors, it is necessary to conduct in-depth semantic analysis and understand the content features of rumors. This paper proposes a TFI domain ontology construction method, which aims to achieve semantic parsing and reasoning of the rumor text content. This paper starts from the term layer, the frame layer, and the instance layer, and based on the reuse of the top-level ontology, the extraction of core literature content features, and the discovery of new concepts in the real corpus, obtains the core classes (five parent classes and 88 subclasses) of the rumor domain ontology and defines their concept hierarchy. Object properties and data properties are designed to describe relationships between entities or their features, and the instance layer is created according to the real rumor datasets. OWL language is used to encode the ontology, Protégé is used to visualize it, and SWRL rules and pellet reasoner are used to mine and verify implicit knowledge of the ontology, and judge the category of rumor text. This paper constructs a rumor domain ontology with high consistency and reliability.

Abstract Danmakus are user-generated comments that overlay on videos, enabling real-time interactions between viewers and video content. The emotional orientation of danmakus can reflect the attitudes and opinions of viewers on video segments, which can help video platforms optimize video content recommendation and evaluate users’ abnormal emotion levels. Aiming at the problems of low transferability of traditional sentiment analysis methods in the danmaku domain, low accuracy of danmaku text segmentation, poor consistency of sentiment annotation, and insufficient semantic feature extraction, this paper proposes a video danmaku sentiment analysis method based on MIBE-RoBERTa-FF-BiLSTM. This paper constructs a “Bilibili Must-Watch List and Top Video Danmaku Sentiment Dataset” by ourselves, covering 10,000 positive and negative sentiment danmaku texts of 18 themes. A new word recognition algorithm based on mutual information (MI) and branch entropy (BE) is used to discover 2610 irregular network popular new words from trigrams to heptagrams in the dataset, forming a domain lexicon. The Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory is applied to guide the consistent sentiment annotation. The domain lexicon is integrated into the feature fusion layer of the RoBERTa-FF-BiLSTM model to fully learn the semantic features of word information, character information, and context information of danmaku texts and perform sentiment classification. Comparative experiments on the dataset show that the model proposed in this paper has the best comprehensive performance among the mainstream models for video danmaku text sentiment classification, with an F1 value of 94.06%, and its accuracy and robustness are also better than other models. The limitations of this paper are that the construction of the domain lexicon still requires manual participation and review, the semantic information of danmaku video content and the positive case preference are ignored.

Trivalent ruthenium (Ru) can catalyse the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA). However, the structure of Ru itself is unstable and is prone to aggregation and oxidation, leading to a decrease in catalytic activity. Therefore, it is necessary to prepare a stable, reliable, Ru-based catalyst. Based on the catalytic properties of trivalent Ru, a stable spinel structure with zinc ferrite was designed and loaded onto different carbon supports to prepare a homogeneous and stable Ru-based catalyst. The structure and physico-chemical properties were characterized through scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and other techniques, and the catalyst was applied to the oxidation of HMF for the preparation of FDCA. The results show that the prepared magnetic activated carbon-supported Ru-based catalyst has a concentrated particle size distribution in the range of 5–8 nm, with a loading amount of 3.61 at%. It exhibits strong soft magnetism, which is beneficial for Ru loading. Additionally, it can be reused in the oxidation of HMF to prepare FDCA over 10 cycles, with the product yield remaining essentially unchanged. The catalyst prepared in this study is characterized by recyclability and structural stability, making it promising for practical applications.

Background/Aims To evaluate the causal correlation between complement components and non-viral liver diseases and their potential use as druggable targets. Methods We conducted Mendelian randomization (MR) to assess the causal role of circulating complements in the risk of non-viral liver diseases. A complement-centric protein interaction network was constructed to explore biological functions and identify potential therapeutic options. Results In the MR analysis, genetically predicted levels of complement C1q C chain (C1QC) were positively associated with the risk of autoimmune hepatitis (odds ratio 1.125, 95% confidence interval 1.018–1.244), while complement factor H-related protein 5 (CFHR5) was positively associated with the risk of primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC;1.193, 1.048– 1.357). On the other hand, CFHR1 (0.621, 0.497–0.776) and CFHR2 (0.824, 0.703–0.965) were inversely associated with the risk of alcohol-related cirrhosis. There were also significant inverse associations between C8 gamma chain (C8G) and PSC (0.832, 0.707–0.979), as well as the risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (1.167, 1.036–1.314). Additionally, C1S (0.111, 0.018–0.672), C7 (1.631, 1.190–2.236), and CFHR2 (1.279, 1.059–1.546) were significantly associated with the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. Proteins from the complement regulatory networks and various liver diseaserelated proteins share common biological processes. Furthermore, potential therapeutic drugs for various liver diseases were identified through drug repurposing based on the complement regulatory network. Conclusions Our study suggests that certain complement components, including C1S, C1QC, CFHR1, CFHR2, CFHR5, C7, and C8G, might play a role in non-viral liver diseases and could be potential targets for drug development.

Good-quality urban street space is crucial for improving walkability. Frequency and amplitude are the main spatial characteristics of the street interface rhythm, known as a “virtual–real” relation. Exploring the mechanism influencing the urban street interface rhythm can help grasp the movement trend. In this study, the correlation between frequency and urban form is explored through a Pearson correlation analysis with multisource data, and the factors influencing the urban street interface rhythm are presented. The results indicate that frequency has a moderate negative correlation with the block scale and a moderate positive correlation with the number of pedestrian access entrances (PAE-n); the PAE-n also has a strong negative correlation with the block scale. Some spatial characteristics of outstanding streets from different countries are analyzed and discussed based on waveform classification. The regularities of interface rhythm that exist within multiple streets are found: multiple gaps on the street interface exist, acting as a “beat”, which regularly integrates or separates the street interface rhythm. The frequency and amplitude of the “beat” significantly affect streets’ walkability, and the amplitude is generally low and uniform, with good visual accessibility in all directions. A “Small Block and Dense Grid” becomes a key factor in improving walkability. Basic knowledge of the street interface rhythm in urban walking space research is supplemented by this study. Furthermore, theoretical guidance and parametric evidence are provided to improve walkability and promote the continuation of the traditional context.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) monitoring is of great value in the clinical diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In this paper, a highly sensitive electrochemical aptamer sensor using polystyrene (PS) microspheres as the electrode substrate material in combination with Prussian blue (PB) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) was demonstrated for the sensitive and label-free determination of cTnI. PS microspheres were synthesized by emulsion polymerization and then dropped onto the glassy carbon electrode (GCE); PB and AuNPs were electrodeposited on the electrode in corresponding electrolyte solutions step by step. The PS microsphere substrate provided a large surface area for the loading mass of the biological affinity aptamers, while the PB layer improved the electrical conductivity of the modified electrode, and the electroactive AuNPs exhibited excellent catalytic performance for the subsequent electrochemical measurements. In view of the above mentioned AuNPs/PB/PS/GCE sensing platform, the fabricated label-free electrochemical aptamer sensor exhibited a wide detection range of 10 fg/mL~1.0 μg/mL and a low detection limit of 2.03 fg/mL under the optimal conditions. Furthermore, this biosensor provided an effective detection platform for the analysis of cTnI in serum samples. The introduction of this sensitive electrochemical aptamer sensor provides a reference for clinically sensitive detection of cTnI.

Rumor governance is an important guarantee for social stability and public safety. Based on the life cycle and crisis cycle model, this paper conducts a synergistic analysis of China's rumor governance policies and regulations and the core scientific research literature on rumor governance in WOS and CNKI. In this paper, we use the TF-IDF algorithm to count the word frequencies of 326 policy and regulation texts, the Jieba-RoBERTa-Kmeans model to cluster high-frequency keywords, and CiteSpace software and the LLR clustering algorithm are utilized to extract and cluster keywords from 391 documents in the WOS database and from 703 documents in the CNKI database. Based on the synergistic analysis of the life cycle model, it is found that the research on policies and regulations precedes the research on literature, and both are in the period of refinement.Based on the synergistic analysis using the co-occurrence comparison of subject terms in the crisis cycle model, it is found that there is a lack of research in the stages of prevention, monitoring, and governance, and this paper proposes the systematic governance mechanism and strategy for crisis resolution that conforms to the trend of life cycle evolution and is synergistic with policy and literature. This study has only selected Chinese policies and regulations, and the proposed governance strategies have not yet been verified in practice; future research can expand the scope and depth of the study and conduct empirical research and pilot projects.

Abstract Scientific analysis of regional agricultural carbon emission prediction models and empirical studies are of great practical significance to the realization of low-carbon agriculture, which can help revitalize and build up ecological and beautiful countryside in China. This paper takes agriculture in Guangdong Province, China, as the research object, and uses the extended STIPAT model to construct an indicator system for the factors influencing agricultural carbon emissions in Guangdong. Based on this system, a combined Isomap–ACO–ET prediction model combing the isometric mapping algorithm (Isomap), ant colony algorithm (ACO) and extreme random tree algorithm (ET) was used to predict agriculture carbon emissions in Guangdong Province under five scenarios. Effective predictions can be made for agricultural carbon emissions in Guangdong Province, which are expected to fluctuate between 11,142,200 tons and 11,386,000 tons in 2030. And compared with other machine learning and neural network models, the Isomap–ACO–ET model has a better prediction performance with an MSE of 0.00018 and an accuracy of 98.7%. To develop low-carbon agriculture in Guangdong Province, we should improve farming methods, reduce the intensity of agrochemical application, strengthen the development and promotion of agricultural energy-saving and emission reduction technologies and low-carbon energy sources, reduce the intensity of carbon emissions from agricultural energy consumption, optimize the agricultural planting structure, and develop green agricultural products and agro-ecological tourism according to local conditions. This will promote the development of agriculture in Guangdong Province in a green and sustainable direction.

Purpose: To assess the impact of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) on clinical outcomes and liver histology in patients with hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (HSOS) caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA), and compare these results with those of patients who received supportive treatment alone. Materials and methods: From June 2015 to August 2022, 164 patients diagnosed with PA-HSOS in six tertiary care centers were retrospectively included in this study and divided into TIPS group (n = 69) and supportive treatment (ST) group (n = 95). The main endpoint was to determine whether TIPS placement could improve survival in PA-HSOS patients. The clinical symptoms associated with portal hypertension were also evaluated in this study. Additionally, a small TIPS-subgroup of 7 patients received liver biopsies before and after TIPS for histological analysis. Results: The incidence of death was markedly lower in the TIPS group than in the ST group (log-rank p = 0.026). Multivariate Cox model revealed that group assignment (hazard ratio (HR) 5.146; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.587–16.687; p = 0.006), total bilirubin (HR 1.029; 95 % CI 1.020–1.038; p

With the rapid development of social media, new opportunities have been provided for the generation and dissemination of online rumors, making systematic study of rumor detection of great significance for the control and governance of internet rumors. Addressing the limitations of past review studies on rumor detection which were characterized by a single perspective, reliance on subjective judgment, and lack of technological evolution theory, this paper reviews 983 rumor detection articles in the SCI-EXPANDED, SSCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, CCR-EXPANDED, and IC databases of the Web of Science. Utilizing Citespace and VOSviewer for visual analysis of the articles, and adopting bibliometric theories like network analysis and topic evolution analysis, this study identifies core research groups in the field of rumor detection based on author collaboration network and institution collaboration network. Through high-frequency keyword clustering graph and keyword co-occurrence graph, the study unveils topic associations and cluster structures among keywords, explicates research hotspots in the field of rumor detection, and conducts a fine-grained critical comparative analysis. According to keyword time graph, keyword bursts table, and trends in the number of publications in hot technology fields, combined with the S-curve technology evolution theory, the study discerns the life cycle and research trends of technologies in the rumor detection field. Compared to existing literature reviews, this paper is the first to propose integrating bibliometrics and S-curve technology evolution theory to reveal the state of relevant technologies and research frontiers.

Abstract Aim The transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) procedure has been performed in China for 30 years, but our understanding of the status and difficulties associated with the use of TIPS for portal hypertension is incomplete. This study aims to investigate the current situation of the use of TIPS for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China. Methods This study involved a questionnaire survey, initiated by the China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) to investigate the use of TIPS for portal hypertension in China. Questionnaires were released on the Internet between August 16, 2022 and September 16, 2022. Detailed information was collected from 545 hospitals contracted by the CHESS in China, which performed TIPS surgery in 2021. Results The 545 hospitals covers the majority of hospitals in China that conduct TIPS intervention. In the survey, a total of 13,527 TIPS interventions were carried out with 94.1% (498/545) of them had a system of routine follow‐up after TIPS. The majority (42.6% [232/545]) believed that the main indication of TIPS was the control of acute bleeding. Overall, 48.1% (262/545) carried out early or pre‐emptive TIPS, 53.0% (289/545) carried out TIPS for cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% (441/545) chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most used coils (97.0% [475/490]) and biological glue (72.0% [353/490]) as embolic materials, and 78.5% (428/545) routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. When selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% (311/545) chose viator‐specific stents, and 57.2% (312/545) chose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS. Conventional anticoagulation after TIPS is over a time interval of 3–6 months (55.4% [173/312]). The limitation of TIPS surgery is mainly its cost (72.3% [394/545]) and insufficient understanding of the procedure by doctors in other related departments (77.4% [422/545]). Most of the hospital teams accept the use of domestic instruments in TIPS surgery (92.7% [505/545]). Conclusions This survey shows that TIPS is an essential part of the treatment of portal hypertension in China. TIPS is widely used in Chinese patients with portal hypertension, and this survey presents a more comprehensive picture of the options and difficulties encountered in the implementation of TIPS. In the future, it is necessary to promote TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.

The development of functional materials for catalysis applications is a continuing issue, particularly in aqueous-phase catalysis. The creation of inexpensive catalysts with improved catalytic activity is still difficult. In this study, the hollow structured Cu nanospheres decorated on the reduced graphene oxide sheets (h-CuNS/rGO) nanocomposites were successfully prepared and applied in the catalytic reduction of p-nitrophenol (p-NP) in water using sodium borohydride as the reducing agent to obtain industrially useful p-aminophenol (p-AP) within a short time. The structure and morphology of h-CuNS/rGO were studied in order to get a full knowledge of the mechanism underlying the creation of its distinctive hollow structure. In the reduction of p-NP, the h-CuNS/rGO demonstrated significant catalytic activity and reusability. The catalytic hydrogenation mechanism on the surface of h-CuNS/rGO was shown to exhibit a synergistic effect between the catalytic h-CuNS and the supporting rGO. The hollow structure, abundant oxygen vacancies as well as the supported rGO worked together to enhance the catalytic activity during p-NP reduction. Therefore, this work proposes a strategy for the simple synthesis of nanocatalyst with high catalytic performance, which endows the potential applications including catalysis.

Introduction: The lower limb exoskeleton rehabilitation robot should perform gait planning based on the patient’s motor intention and training status and provide multimodal and robust control schemes in the control strategy to enhance patient participation.Methods: This paper proposes an adaptive particle swarm optimization admittance control algorithm (APSOAC), which adaptively optimizes the weights and learning factors of the PSO algorithm to avoid the problem of particle swarm falling into local optimal points. The proposed improved adaptive particle swarm algorithm adjusts the stiffness and damping parameters of the admittance control online to reduce the interaction force between the patient and the robot and adaptively plans the patient’s desired gait profile. In addition, this study proposes a dual RBF neural network adaptive sliding mode controller (DRNNASMC) to track the gait profile, compensate for frictional forces and external perturbations generated in the human-robot interaction using the RBF network, calculate the required moments for each joint motor based on the lower limb exoskeleton dynamics model, and perform stability analysis based on the Lyapunov theory.Results and discussion: Finally, the efficiency of the APSOAC and DRNNASMC algorithms is demonstrated by active and passive walking experiments with three healthy subjects, respectively.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a type of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia with a poor clinical prognosis. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) contributes to the production of pathogenic myofibroblasts and plays a pivotal role in the development of pulmonary fibrosis. Mannan-binding lectin (MBL) is a soluble calcium-dependent complement molecule. Several studies have reported associations between serum MBL levels and lung diseases; however, the effect of MBL on IPF remains unknown. The present study observed aggravated pulmonary fibrosis in bleomycin-treated MBL−/− mice compared with their wild-type counterparts. Lung tissues from bleomycin-treated MBL−/− mice displayed a more severe EMT phenotype. In vitro studies determined that MBL inhibited the EMT process through attenuating store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) signaling. It was further demonstrated that MBL promoted the ubiquitination of Orai1, an essential component of SOCE, via pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1)-serum glucocorticoid-regulated kinase 1 signaling. PDK1 inhibition abolished the MBL-mediated regulation of SOCE activity and the EMT process. Notably, biochemical analysis showed that MBL interacted with PDK1 and contributed to PDK1 ubiquitination. In summary, the present findings suggested that MBL limited the EMT phenotype in human alveolar epithelial cells through regulation of SOCE, and MBL could be recognized as a potential therapeutic target for IPF.

Due to the randomness and high spatial variability of rock and soil, it is difficult to obtain parameters quickly and accurately. Therefore, an intelligent inversion method of geotechnical parameters of foundation pit based on response surface is proposed. The least squares support vector machine (LSSVM) model is trained to form a mapping response surface model from geological parameters to deformation of foundation pit engineering by using numerical simulation to form learning samples. The LSSVM response surface is used as a performance function, and the global optimization ability of bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) is used to realize the rapid and accurate identification of rock and soil parameters in foundation pit engineering. Based on a foundation pit project in China, the inversion method is applied and analyzed. The results show that the LSSVM response surface model mapping results are in good agreement with the measured displacement of the foundation pit, the maximum absolute error is 2.6 mm, and the maximum relative error is 9.3%. In the inversion of rock and soil mass, the maximum relative error between the inversion results of each parameter and the measured results is only 9.97%. Compared with the traditional evaluation method of rock and soil parameters, this method takes into account the convergence speed and accuracy of parameter inversion, and realizes the purpose of accurate and rapid identification of rock and soil parameters in the process of engineering construction, which provides a new idea for parameter inversion of similar deep foundation pit engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Murine models show that plastics, via their chemical constituents (e.g., phthalates), influence microbiota, metabolism, and growth. However, research on plastics in humans is lacking. Here, we examine how the frequency of plastic bottle exposure is associated with fecal microbiota, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and anthropometry in the first year of life. Subjects/Methods: In 442 infants from the prospective Nurture birth cohort, we examined the association of frequency of plastic bottle feeding at 3 months with anthropometric outcomes (skinfolds, length-for-age, and weight-for-length) at 12 months of age and growth trajectories between 3 and 12 months. Furthermore, in a subset of infants (n = 70) that contributed fecal samples at 3 months and 12 months of age, we examined plastic bottle frequency in relation to fecal microbiota composition and diversity (measured by 16S rRNA gene sequencing of V4 region), and fecal SCFA concentrations (quantified using gas chromatography mass spectrometry). Results: At 3 months, 67.6% of infants were plastic bottle fed at every feeding, 15.4% were exclusively breast milk fed, and 48.9% were exclusively formula fed. After adjustment for potential confounders, infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding compared to those who were plastic bottle fed at every feeding at 3 months did not show differences in anthropometry over the first 12 months of life, save for lower length-for-age z-score at 12 months (adjusted β = −0.45, 95% CI: −0.76, −0.13). Infants who were plastic bottle fed less than every feeding versus every feeding had lower fecal microbiota alpha diversity at 3 months (mean difference for Shannon index: −0.59, 95% CI: −0.99, −0.20) and lower isovaleric acid concentration at 3 months (mean difference: −2.12 μmol/g, 95% CI: −3.64, −0.60), but these results were attenuated following adjustment for infant diet. Plastic bottle frequency was not strongly associated with microbiota diversity or SCFAs at 12 months after multivariable adjustment. Frequency of plastic bottle use was associated with differential abundance of some bacterial taxa, however, significance was not consistent between statistical approaches. Conclusions: Plastic bottle frequency at 3 months was not strongly associated with measures of adiposity or growth (save for length-for-age) over the first year of life, and while plastic bottle use was associated with some features of fecal microbiota and SCFAs in the first year, these findings were attenuated in multivariable models with infant diet. Future research is needed to assess health effects of exposure to other plastic-based products and objective measures of microplastics and plastic constituents like phthalates.

BackgroundIt is generally believed that complement system is strongly associated with the risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, complement system contains a variety of complement components, and the relationship between complement components and the risk and severity of NAFLD is inconsistent. The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the association of complement components with the risk and severity of NAFLD.MethodsWe searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, Scopus, and ZhiWang Chinese databases from inception to May 2022 for observational studies reporting the risk of NAFLD with complement components. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to obtain pooled estimates of the effect due to heterogeneity.ResultsWe identified 18 studies with a total of 18560 included subjects. According to recent studies, levels of complement component 3 (C3) (mean difference (MD): 0.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.26-0.60), complement component 4 (C4) (MD: 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-0.07), complement component 5(C5) (MD: 34.03, 95% CI 30.80-37.27), complement factor B (CFB) (MD: 0.22, 95% CI 0.13-0.31) and acylation stimulating protein (ASP) (standard mean difference (SMD): 5.17, 95% CI 2.57-7.77) in patients with NAFLD were significantly higher than those in the control group. However, no statistical significance was obtained in complement factor D (CFD) levels between NAFLD and non-NAFLD (MD=156.51, 95% CI -59.38-372.40). Moreover, the levels of C3, C5, CFB, and ASP in patients with moderate and severe NAFLD were significantly higher than those in patients with mild NAFLD. Except for C4 and CFD, the included studies did not explore the changes in the severity of NAFLD according to the concentration of C4 and CFD.ConclusionsThis meta-analysis demonstrates that an increase in complement components including C3, C5, CFB, and ASP is associated with an increased risk and severity of NAFLD, indicating that they may be good biomarkers and targets for the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/], identifier CRD42022348650.

Background & Aims: Among individuals with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis and acute variceal bleeding (AVB), the Baveno VII workshop recommended pre-emptive TIPS in those with a Child-Pugh score of 8-9 and active bleeding at initial endoscopy (Child B8-9 + AB criteria). Nevertheless, whether this criterion is superior to the CLIF-Consortium acute decompensation score (CLIF-C ADs) remains unclear. Methods: Data on 1,021 consecutive individuals with Child-Pugh B cirrhosis and AVB from 13 university hospitals in China who were treated with pre-emptive TIPS (n = 297) or drug plus endoscopic treatment (n = 724) between 2010 to 2019 were retrospectively analysed. A competing risk regression model was used to compare the outcomes between the two groups after adjusting for confounders. The concordance-statistic for benefit (c-for-benefit) was used to evaluate a models’ ability to predict treatment benefit (risk difference between treatment groups). Results: Pre-emptive TIPS was associated with reduced mortality compared to drug plus endoscopic treatment (adjusted hazard ratio 0.62, 95% CI 0.44 to 0.88). A higher baseline CLIF-C AD score was associated with greater survival benefit (i.e., larger absolute mortality risk reduction). After adjusting for confounders, a survival benefit was observed in individuals with CLIF-C ADs ≥48 or Child-Pugh B8-9 with active bleeding, but not in those with CILF-C ADs

Longhua Shui Mi (LHSM) is a representative of the Chinese Cling peaches that have been central in global peach genetic improvement. Here, the authors assemble the genome of LHSM and show convergent selection for sweetness yet divergent selection for acidity in eastern vs. western cultivars through population genomics analyses.

Laparoscopy is employed in conventional minimally invasive surgery to inspect internal cavities by viewing two-dimensional images on a monitor. This method has a limited field of view and provides insufficient information for surgeons, increasing surgical complexity. Utilizing simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) technology to reconstruct laparoscopic scenes can offer more comprehensive and intuitive visual feedback. Moreover, the precision of the reconstructed models is a crucial factor for further applications of surgical assistance systems. However, challenges such as data scarcity and scale uncertainty hinder effective assessment of the accuracy of endoscopic monocular SLAM reconstructions. Therefore, this paper proposes a technique that incorporates existing knowledge from calibration objects to supplement metric information and resolve scale ambiguity issues, and it quantifies the endoscopic reconstruction accuracy based on local alignment metrics. The experimental results demonstrate that the reconstructed models restore realistic scales and enable error analysis for laparoscopic SLAM reconstruction systems. This suggests that for the evaluation of monocular SLAM three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction accuracy in minimally invasive surgery scenarios, our proposed scheme for recovering scale factors is viable, and our evaluation outcomes can serve as criteria for measuring reconstruction precision.

The drive system of shearer traction unit is affected by complex load interference and system structure, which results in the problem of unbalanced power of dual-motor of shearer traction unit. A new type of dual-motor frequency conversion control system for shearer traction unit with “common rectification and dual inverters” is designed. And a dual-motor power balance control method based on particle swarm optimization torque cross-coupled control is proposed. The new frequency conversion control system adopts a parallel structure of two inverter circuits with a common DC bus. Particle swarm optimization is used to optimize the PID control parameters of torque cross-coupling control, which solves the problem that it is difficult to gain optimal PID parameters. The control model is established using Matlab/Simulink simulation software. The proposed control method and the master-slave control method are compared by simulation. The results show that the control effect of proposed control method is better synchromization and power balance effect than the master-slave control method. The proposed control method is applied to dual-motor control of shearer traction unit for experimental verification. The results indicate that the proposed power balance control method realizes that the output torque ratio of dual-motor is between 0.9 and 1.1.

Abstract Background Structural variations (SVs), a major resource of genomic variation, can have profound consequences on phenotypic variation, yet the impacts of SVs remain largely unexplored in crops. Results Here, we generate a high-quality de novo genome assembly for a flat-fruit peach cultivar and produce a comprehensive SV map for peach, as a high proportion of genomic sequence is occupied by heterozygous SVs in the peach genome. We conduct population-level analyses that indicate SVs have undergone strong purifying selection during peach domestication, and find evidence of positive selection, with a significant preference for upstream and intronic regions during later peach improvement. We perform a SV-based GWAS that identifies a large 1.67-Mb heterozygous inversion that segregates perfectly with flat-fruit shape. Mechanistically, this derived allele alters the expression of the PpOFP2 gene positioned near the proximal breakpoint of the inversion, and we confirm in transgenic tomatoes that PpOFP2 is causal for flat-fruit shape. Conclusions Thus, beyond introducing new genomics resources for peach research, our study illustrates how focusing on SV data can drive basic functional discoveries in plant science.