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Abstract Intermetallic phases with atomic ordering are highly active and stable in catalysts. However, understanding the atomistic mechanisms of disorder-to-order phase transition, particularly in multi-component systems, remains challenging. Here, we investigate the atom diffusion and phase transition within Pd@Pt-Co cubic nanoparticles during annealing, using in-situ electron microscopy and ex-situ atomic resolution element analysis. We reveal that initial outward diffusing Pd partially substitutes Pt, forming a (Pt, Pd)-Co ternary system in the surface region, enabling the phase transition at a low temperature of 400 °C, followed by shape-preserved inward propagation of the ordered phase. At higher temperatures, excessive interdiffusion across the interface changes the stoichiometric ratio, diminishing the atomic ordering, leading to obvious change in morphology. Calculations indicate that the Pd-substitute in (Pt, Pd)-Co system leads to a significantly lower phase transition temperature compared to that of Pt-Co alloy and thus a lower activation energy for atomic diffusion. These insights into atomistic behavior are crucial for future design of multi-component systems.

Abstract Studies on the correlation of exposure to metals with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is scarce, especially concerning the impact of mixed metals on DKD. This study aimed to explore the association of blood heavy metals with DKD risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. This cross-sectional study enrolled patients with T2DM in NHANES 2011–2020. ICP‒MS was applied to detect five metals, namely, Pb, Cd, Hg, Se and Mn, in blood. At the same time, the impacts of exposure to single and mixed metals on DKD were assessed using multivariable logistic regression, WQS, and BKMR models. The relationship was examined based on age, sex, BMI, hypertension, smoking status and PIR. Totally 2362 participants were enrolled for final analysis. Among them, 634 (26.84%) patients undergoing T2DM had DKD. Logistic regression indicated that, Pb (Q4: OR [95% CI]: 1.557 [1.175, 2.064]) was related to DKD when all covariates were adjusted. The WQS analysis, which was set in a positive directional mode, suggested that Pb was correlated positively with a higher incidence of DKD. In BKMR analysis, linear dose‒response curves were generated for Pb when fixing the other metals in the 50th percentile. In addition, exposure to mixed metals was significantly positively related to DKD. Subgroup analysis during logistic regression demonstrated that Pb was significantly and positively related to DKD in females, over 50 years, those with over 25 kg/m2, no hypertension, no smoking status and under PIR. Serum albumin (ALB) did not regulate the indirect impact of blood Pb on DKD risk. The results showed that the increased mixed metal concentration may lead to an increased DKD risk among patients with T2DM. Blood Pb is positively related to the DKD risk in diabetic patients, especially, in females, over 50 years, those with over 25 kg/m2, no hypertension, no smoking status and under PIR in T2DM patients. According to our observations, Pb absorption at least slightly influences DKD occurrence and progression. More studies are needed to validate the results in this work and illustrate the relevant biological mechanism.

In this study, a dense WS2 coating was deposited via high-power impulse magnetron sputtering (HiPIMS) after solving the glow discharge problem, and it was compared with WS2 coating deposited via radio frequency (RF) sputtering. The latter showed a columnar growth, with a loose and porous microstructure. The columnar crystal growth of the former was inhibited, resulting in a more compact coating structure and a more uniform, flatter and smoother surface. Therefore, the structure and tribological properties of WS2 coating prepared via HiPIMS were investigated under different loads and frictional frequencies. Under low loads (up to 15 N), the coefficient of friction (COF) decreased with polishing wear mechanism. Under a high load of 20 N, the COF rapidly increased, the wear rate was the highest, and the wear mechanism changed from polishing to abrasive wear. At low frequencies (5 and 10 Hz), the coating had a low and stable COF, good wear resistance and the wear mechanism was abrasive wear. At high frequencies (≥15 Hz), the COF and wear rates rapidly increased and the wear mechanism changed from abrasive to adhesive wear and plastic fracture. However, the friction and wear rates were similar across different wear mechanisms.

In the southeast coast of China, typhoon rainstorms resulted in lots of landslides. Investigating rainfall thresholds and patterns of typhoons is of great importance for the early warning of landslides. In this study, the landslide information obtained from multiple sources and typhoon rainstorm data were used to analyze landslide and rainfall characteristics in Taishun 2007 to 2022; the rainfall threshold of typhoon rainstorm-induce landslides was defined for Taishun area based on the rainfall intensity–duration (I-D) model. It finds that a large number of typhoon rainstorm landslides occur at the windward slope close to the landing direction of the typhoon, where the main vegetation types of the landslide are arbors and herbs with tall trunks and shallow roots. The duration of rainfall events inducing landslides is usually 2～3 days, with concentrated rainfall and total rainfall more than 200 mm. The threshold of typhoon rainstorm-induced landslides is significantly higher than that of rainfall-induced landslides in other regions. With the backward position of rainfall peak in rainfall process, the thresholds become lower and steeper, indicating that more rainfall is needed to trigger landslides when the rainfall peak appears earlier than when it is late. Typhoon rainstorm-induced landslides are more sensitive to the heavy rainfall event after a long rainfall. The threshold model established in this study is consistent with the observation, indicating that it is effective for landslide monitoring during the typhoon season.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a prevalent and critical complication of sepsis, marked by high incidence and mortality rates, with its pathogenesis still not being fully elucidated. Recent research has revealed a significant correlation between the metabolic reprogramming of glucose and sepsis-associated ALI (S-ALI). Throughout the course of S-ALI, immune cells, including macrophages and dendritic cells, undergo metabolic shifts to accommodate the intricate demands of immune function that emerge as sepsis advances. Indeed, glucose metabolic reprogramming in S-ALI serves as a double-edged sword, fueling inflammatory immune responses in the initial stages and subsequently initiating anti-inflammatory responses as the disease evolves. In this review, we delineate the current research progress concerning the pathogenic mechanisms linked to glucose metabolic reprogramming in S-ALI, with a focus on the pertinent immune cells implicated. We encapsulate the impact of glucose metabolic reprogramming on the onset, progression, and prognosis of S-ALI. Ultimately, by examining key regulatory factors within metabolic intermediates and enzymes, We have identified potential therapeutic targets linked to metabolic reprogramming, striving to tackle the inherent challenges in diagnosing and treating Severe Acute Lung Injury (S-ALI) with greater efficacy.

The guar gum/borax-based hydrogel system was employed to rapidly consolidate waste construction slurry to form porous soft solid, which could effectively mitigate the impact of waste construction slurry on the environment. The adsorbability of porous soft solid on methylene blue from cationic dye wastewater was studied to explore new utilization way in the paper. For the methylene blue solution with the pH of 8 and concentration of 30 mg·L−1, when the dosage of porous soft solid was 0.15 g·mL−1, the adsorption equilibrium was reached at 32 h, and the removal rate of methylene blue by the porous soft solid was up to 82.96 %. The X-ray diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis indicated that both the hydrogel and clay particles in the porous soft solid were involved in the adsorption of methylene blue. The pseudo first-order kinetic equation and the Weber-Morris intraparticle diffusion equation can be used to describe the adsorption process on methylene blue by the porous soft solid.

Abstract This report presents liquid metal-based infrared-modulating materials and systems with multiple modes to regulate the infrared reflection. Inspired by the brightness adjustment in chameleon skin, shape-morphing liquid metal droplets in silicone elastomer (Ecoflex) matrix are used to resemble the dispersed “melanophores”. In the system, Ecoflex acts as hormone to drive the deformation of liquid metal droplets. Both total and specular reflectance-based infrared camouflage are achieved. Typically, the total and specular reflectances show change of ~44.8% and 61.2%, respectively, which are among the highest values reported for infrared camouflage. Programmable infrared encoding/decoding is explored by adjusting the concentration of liquid metal and applying areal strains. By introducing alloys with different melting points, temperature-dependent infrared painting/writing can be achieved. Furthermore, the multi-layered structure of infrared-modulating system is designed, where the liquid metal-based infrared modulating materials are integrated with an evaporated metallic film for enhanced performance of such system.

Abstract Corrosion of electrocatalysts during electrochemical operations, such as low potential - high potential cyclic swapping, can cause significant performance degradation. However, the electrochemical corrosion dynamics, including structural changes, especially site and composition specific ones, and their correlation with electrochemical processes are hidden due to the insufficient spatial-temporal resolution characterization methods. Using electrochemical liquid cell transmission electron microscopy, we visualize the electrochemical corrosion of Pd@Pt core-shell octahedral nanoparticles towards a Pt nanoframe. The potential-dependent surface reconstruction during multiple continuous in-situ cyclic voltammetry with clear redox peaks is captured, revealing an etching and deposition process of Pd that results in internal Pd atoms being relocated to external surface, followed by subsequent preferential corrosion of Pt (111) terraces rather than the edges or corners, simultaneously capturing the structure evolution also allows to attribute the site-specific Pt and Pd atomic dynamics to individual oxidation and reduction events. This work provides profound insights into the surface reconstruction of nanoparticles during complex electrochemical processes.

Abstract Importance Diabetes mellitus (DM) is thought to be closely related to arterial stenotic or occlusive disease caused by atherosclerosis. However, there is still no definitive clinical evidence to confirm that patients with diabetes have a higher risk of restenosis. Objective This meta-analysis was conducted to determine the effect of DM on restenosis among patients undergoing endovascular treatment, such as percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) or stenting. Data sources and study selection The PubMed/Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Library electronic databases were searched from 01/1990 to 12/2022, without language restrictions. Trials were included if they satisfied the following eligibility criteria: (1) RCTs of patients with or without DM; (2) lesions confined to the coronary arteries or femoral popliteal artery; (3) endovascular treatment via PTA or stenting; and (4) an outcome of restenosis at the target lesion site. The exclusion criteria included the following: (1) greater than 20% of patients lost to follow-up and (2) a secondary restenosis operation. Data extraction and synthesis Two researchers independently screened the titles and abstracts for relevance, obtained full texts of potentially eligible studies, and assessed suitability based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.. Disagreements were resolved through consultation with a third researcher. Treatment effects were measured by relative ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using random effects models. The quality of the evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) criteria. Main outcomes and measures The main observation endpoint was restenosis, including > 50% stenosis at angiography, or TLR of the primary operation lesion during the follow-up period. Results A total of 31,066 patients from 20 RCTs were included. Patients with DM had a higher risk of primary restenosis after endovascular treatment (RR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.25–1.62; p = 0.001). Conclusions and relevance This meta-analysis of all currently available RCTs showed that patients with DM are more prone to primary restenosis after endovascular treatment.

Ferroptosis has been observed to play an important role during erythrocyte differentiation (ED). However, the biological gene markers and ferroptosis mechanisms in ED remain unknown. We downloaded the datasets of ED in human umbilical cord blood-derived CD34+ cells from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. Using median differentiation time, the sample was categorized into long and short groups. The differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes (DE-FRGs) were screened using differential expression analysis. The enrichment analyses and a protein–protein interaction (PPI) network were conducted. To predict the ED stage, a logistic regression model was constructed using the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO). Overall, 22 DE-FRGs were identified. Ferroptosis-related pathways were enriched using Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis and Gene Set Variation Analysis revealed the primary involvement of DE-FRGs in JAK-STAT, MAPK, PI3K-AKT-mTORC1, WNT, and NOTCH signaling pathways. Ten-hub DE-FRGs were obtained using PPI analysis. Furthermore, we constructed mRNA-microRNA (miRNA) and mRNA-transcription factor networks. Immune cell infiltration levels differed significantly during ED. LASSO regression analysis established a signature using six DE-FRGs (ATF3, CDH2, CHAC1, DDR2, DPP4, and GDF15) related to the ED stage. Bioinformatic analyses identified ferroptosis-associated genes during ED, which were further validated. Overall, we identified ferroptosis-related genes to predict their correlations in ED. Exploring the underlying mechanisms of ferroptosis may help us better understand pathophysiological changes in ED and provide new evidence for clinical transformation.

Abstract Background A significant reduction in regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) is commonly observed during one-lung ventilation (OLV), while positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) can improve oxygenation. We compared the effects of three different PEEP levels on rSO2, pulmonary oxygenation, and hemodynamics during OLV. Methods Forty-three elderly patients who underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy were randomly assigned to one of six PEEP combinations which used a crossover design of 3 levels of PEEP—0 cmH2O, 5 cmH2O, and 10 cmH2O. The primary endpoint was rSO2 in patients receiving OLV 20 min after adjusting the PEEP. The secondary outcomes included hemodynamic and respiratory variables. Results After exclusion, thirty-six patients (36.11% female; age range: 60–76 year) were assigned to six groups (n = 6 in each group). The rSO2 was highest at OLV(0) than at OLV(10) (difference, 2.889%; [95% CI, 0.573 to 5.204%]; p = 0.008). Arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2) was lowest at OLV(0) compared with OLV(5) (difference, -62.639 mmHg; [95% CI, -106.170 to -19.108 mmHg]; p = 0.005) or OLV(10) (difference, -73.389 mmHg; [95% CI, -117.852 to -28.925 mmHg]; p = 0.001), while peak airway pressure (Ppeak) was lower at OLV(0) (difference, -4.222 mmHg; [95% CI, -5.140 to -3.304 mmHg]; p

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, three different types of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines, namely BBIBP-CorV, WIBP-CorV and CoronaVac, were manufactured and used for vaccination in China. However, as far as we know, no comparison of their induced serum neutralization has been carried out so far, possibly due to the regional difference in vaccine distribution, the difficulty in undertaking a comprehensive evaluation, and the intention to avoid unnecessary bias in populations for a certain type of inactivated vaccine.Methods: Since all three of these inactivated vaccines are no longer produced and used for vaccination, here, we retrospectively compared the serum neutralizing activities induced by these three different types of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Results: Compared with unvaccinated uninfected control donors, primary inactivated vaccination (232 donors) induced increased serum neutralizing titers against wildtype SARS-CoV-2 in around 70% of donors during the first 100 days. However, the neutralization effect waned quickly after 100 days, and significantly diminished against Delta and Omicron (B.1.1.529) variants. Moreover, the newly emerged Omicron variants, such as BA.2.75, BA.4/5, BF.7, BQ.1.1, and XBB, almost fully evaded the induced serum neutralization activity. Conclusions: These three distinct types of inactivated vaccines, namely BBIBP-CorV, WIBP-CorV, and CoronaVac, induced serum neutralization in most vaccinated populations but in a short-term and variant-evaded manner with no significant difference among these inactivated vaccines.

Abstract Supported metal catalysts often suffer from rapid degradation under harsh conditions due to material failure and weak metal-support interaction. Here we propose using reductive hydrogenated borophene to in-situ synthesize Pt/B/C catalysts with small sizes (~2.5 nm), high-density dispersion (up to 80 wt%Pt), and promising stability, originating from forming Pt-B bond which are theoretically ~5× stronger than Pt-C. Based on the Pt/B/C module, a series (~18 kinds) of carbon supported binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary Pt intermetallic compound nanocatalysts with sub-4 nm size are synthesized. Thanks to the stable intermetallics and strong metal-support interaction, annealing at 1000 °C does not cause those nanoparticles sintering. They also show much improved activity and stability in electrocatalytic oxygen reduction reaction. Therefore, by introducing the boron chemistry, the hydrogenated borophene derived multielement catalysts enable the synergy of small size, high loading, stable anchoring, and flexible compositions, thus demonstrating high versatility toward efficient and durable catalysis.

The exploration of unleaded free-cutting Cu40Zn brass with excellent mechanical and tribological properties has always drawn the attention of researchers. Due to its attractive properties combining metals and ceramics, Ti3AlC2 was added to Cu40Zn brass using high-energy milling and hot-pressing sintering. The effects of Ti3AlC2 on the microstructure, mechanical and tribological properties of Cu40Zn-Ti3AlC2 composites were studied. The results showed that Ti3AlC2 could suppress the formation of ZnO by adsorbing oxygen impurity and promote the formation of the β phase by releasing the β-forming element Al to the substrate. The hardness and wear resistance of Cu40Zn-Ti3AlC2 composites increased with increasing Ti3AlC2 content from 0 to 5 wt.%. The proper Ti3AlC2 additive was beneficial to both the strength and plasticity of the composites. The underlying mechanisms were discussed.

The continuous worsening of the natural surroundings requires accelerating the exploration of green energy technology. Utilising ambient vibration to power electronic equipment constitutes an important measure to address the power crisis. Vibration power is widely dispersed in the surroundings, such as mechanical vibration, acoustic vibration, wind vibration, and water wave vibration. Collecting vibration energy is one of the research hotspots in the field of energy. Meanwhile, it is also an important way to solve the energy crisis. This paper illustrates the working principles and recent research progress of five known methods of vibrational energy harvesting, namely, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, friction electric, electrostatic, and magnetostrictive vibrational energy harvesters. The strengths and weaknesses of each method are summarised. At the end of the article, the future trends of micro-nano vibrational energy collectors are envisioned.

Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 21 (LGMDR21) is caused by pathogenic variants in protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1), which is responsible for O-glucosylation of specific epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats found in ∼50 mammalian proteins, including Notch receptors. Previous data from patient biopsies indicated that impaired Notch signaling, reduction of muscle stem cells, and accelerated differentiation are probably involved in disease etiopathology. Using patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their corrected isotypes, and control iPSCs, gene expression profiling indicated dysregulation of POGLUT1, NOTCH, muscle development, extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, and migration as involved pathways. They also exhibited reduced in vitro POGLUT1 enzymatic activity and NOTCH signaling as well as defective myogenesis, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated significant reductions in engraftment, muscle stem cell formation, PAX7 expression, and maintenance, along with an increased percentage of mislocalized PAX7+ cells in the interstitial space. Gene correction in patient iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9 nickase led to the rescue of the main in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. These results demonstrate the efficacy of iPSCs and gene correction in disease modeling and rescue of the phenotypes and provide evidence of the involvement of muscle stem cell niche localization, PAX7 expression, and cell migration as possible mechanisms in LGMDR21.

Abstract Background Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication that can adversely affect the mother and fetus. Necroptosis is a recently discovered new form of programmed cell death involved in the pathological process of various pregnancy complications. Our study aimed to identify the necroptosis-related differentially expressed genes (NRDEGs), create a diagnosis model and related disease subtypes model based on these genes, and further investigate their relationship with immune infiltration. Methods In this study, we identified NRDEGs by analyzing data from various databases, including Molecular Signatures, GeneCards, and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Using minor absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and logistic Cox regression analysis, we developed a novel PE diagnosis model based on NRDEGs. Furthermore, we developed PE subtype models using consensus clustering analysis based on key gene modules screened out by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA). Finally, we identified the difference in immune infiltration between the PE and control groups as well as between both PE subtypes by analyzing the immune cell infiltration across combined datasets and PE datasets. Results Our study discovered that the necroptosis pathway was significantly enriched and active in PE samples. We identified nine NRDEGs that involved in this pathway, including BRAF, PAWR, USP22, SYNCRIP, KRT86, MERTK, BAP1, CXCL5, and STK38. Additionally, we developed a diagnostic model based on a regression model including six NRDEGs and identified two PE subtypes: Cluster1 and Cluster2, based on key module genes. Furthermore, correlation analysis showed that the abundance of immune cell infiltration was related to necroptosis genes and PE disease subtypes. Conclusion According to the present study, necroptosis is a phenomenon that occurs in PE and is connected to immune cell infiltration. This result suggests that necroptosis and immune-related factors may be the underlying mechanisms of PE pathophysiology. This study opens new avenues for future research into PE's pathogenesis and treatment options.

The gut microbiota plays an important role in the disease progression of inflammatory bowel disease. Although probiotics are effective against IBD, not many studies have investigated their effects on gut microbiota composition and immunomodulation in mouse colitis models. Our study aimed at the therapeutic effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei BNCC345679 for the first time and explored its impact on gut microbiome dysbiosis, inflammatory cytokines, related miRNAs, VCAM-1, oxidative stress, intestinal integrity, and mucus barrier. We found that oral intervention of L. paracasei BNCC345679 affects recovering beneficial microbial taxa, including lactobacillus spp. and akkermansia spp., followed by improved body weight, DAI score, and inflammatory cytokines. L. paracasei BNCC345679 mitigated oxidative stress and increased the expression of intestinal integrity proteins MUC2 and ZO-1. These results suggested that L. paracasei BNCC345679 has the capacity to reduce DSS-induced colitis and has the potential as a supplement for the mitigation of IBD.

Abstract Circularly polarized light (CPL) detection has wide applications in many fields, where the anisotropy factor (gIph) is an important indicator to characterize the CPL detection performance. So far, many materials with high gIph have been reported, however, the exploration of the regulation of gIph is still in its infancy. Herein, two novel alternating chiral‐achiral cations intercalation‐type chiral hybrid perovskites (CHPs), named (R/S‐1‐phenylpropylamine)(propylamine)PbBr4 (1‐R/S), exhibit above room‐temperature (RT) polar‐phase transition, which greatly regulates the gIph value. The gIph of 1‐R is 0.04 in high‐temperature phase chiral non‐polar (P212121) by applying 5 V bias, interestingly, with the temperature decrease, the gIph value in low‐temperature phase chiral polar (P21) gradually increases (0.22@360K, 0.40@340K, 0.47@320K), and finally reaches a maximum of 0.5 at RT. Such value is not only the highest among 2D CHPs to date, but presents a 12.5‐fold amplification compared with 0.04. Further, this rare phenomenon should be attributed to the built‐in electric field induced by the polar photovoltaic effect, which sheds light on further obtaining CHPs with large gIph.

Conclusion: AZD8055 is more effective than rapamycin in inhibiting proliferation and promoting mitochondrial clearance in erythroid differentiation, which might provide us one more therapeutic option other than rapamycin for ineffective erythropoiesis treatment in the future. These findings also provide some preliminary information indicating the roles of mTORC1 and mTORC2 in erythropoiesis, and further studies are necessary to dissect the underlying mechanisms.

Abstract Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) therapies are emerging as a promising approach to therapeutic regeneration. Therapeutic persistence and reduced functional stem cells following cell delivery remain critical hurdles for clinical investigation due to the senescence of freshly isolated cells and extensive in-vitro passage. Methods Cultured adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) were derived from subcutaneous white adipose tissue isolated from mice fed a normal diet. We performed senescence-associated-β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) staining, real-time PCR, and Westernblot to evaluate the levels related to cellular senescence markers. Results The mRNA expression levels of senescence markers were significantly increased in the later passage of ASCs. We show that light activation reduced the expression of senescent genes, and SA-β-Gal in all cells at passages. Moreover, the light-activated ASCs-derived exosomes decrease the expression of senescence, and SA-β-Gal in the later passage cells. We further investigated the photoreceptive effect of Opsin3 (Opn3) in light-activated ASCs. Deletion of Opn3 abolished the differences of light activation in reduced expression of senescent genes, increased Ca 2+ influx, and cAMP levels. Conclusions ASCs can undergo cellular senescence in-vitro passage. Photomodulation might be better preserved over senescence and Opn3-dependent activation in aged ASCs. Light-activated ASCs-derived exosomes could be served as e a new protective paradigm for cellular senescence in-vitro passage. Video Abstract

Abstract Chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy has demonstrated potent clinical efficacy in the treatment of hematopoietic malignancies. However, the application of CAR-T in solid tumors has been limited due in part to the expression of inhibitory molecules in the tumor microenvironment, leading to T-cell exhaustion. To overcome this limitation, we have developed a synthetic T-cell receptor (TCR) that targets programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), a molecule that is widely expressed in various solid tumors and plays a pivotal role in T-cell exhaustion. Our novel TCR platform is based on antibody-based binding domain, which is typically a single-chain variable fragment (scFv), fused to the γδ TCRs (TCRγδ). We have utilized the T-cell receptor alpha constant (TRAC) locus editing approach to express cell surface scFv of anti-PD-L1, which is fused to the constant region of the TCRγ or TCRδ chain in activated T cells derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our results indicate that these reconfigured receptors, both γ-TCRγδ and δ-TCRγδ, have the capability to transduce signals, produce inflammatory cytokines, degranulate and exert tumor killing activity upon engagement with PD-L1 antigen in vitro. Additionally, we have also shown that γ-TCRγδ exerted superior efficacy than δ-TCRγδ in in vivo xenograft model.

Abstract Background By continually monitoring end-tidal carbon dioxide concentrations, capnography can detect abnormal ventilation or apnoea early. This randomized, controlled study explored the effect of early intervention with capnography on the incidence of hypoxia in mildly obese patients undergoing sedation for esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) and colonoscopy. Methods This is a single-center, randomized, single-blind, parallel-assignment, controlled trial. Mildly obese patients (28 kg/m2 ≤ BMI

Based on the decorrelation calculation of diffusion ultrasound in time-frequency domain, this paper discusses the repeatability and potential significance of Disturbance Sensitive Zone (DSZ) in time-frequency domain. The experimental study of Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) on Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) is carried out. The decorrelation coefficients of time, frequency, and time-frequency domains and DSZ are calculated and compared. It has been observed that the sensitivity of the scattered wave disturbance caused by impact damage is non-uniformly distributed in both the time and frequency domains. This is evident from the non-uniform distribution of the decorrelation coefficient in time-domain and frequency-domain decorrelation calculations. Further, the decorrelation calculation in the time-frequency domain can show the distribution of the sensitivity of the scattered wave disturbance in the time domain and frequency domain. The decorrelation coefficients in time, frequency, and time-frequency domains increase monotonically with the number of impacts. In addition, in the time-frequency domain decorrelation calculation results, stable and repetitive DSZ are observed, which means that the specific frequency component of the scattered wave is extremely sensitive to the damage evolution of the impact region at a specific time. Finally, the DSZ obtained from the first 15 impacts is used to improve the decorrelation calculation in the 16-th to 20-th impact. The results show that the increment rate of the improved decorrelation coefficient is 10.22%. This study reveals that the diffusion ultrasonic decorrelation calculation improved by DSZ makes it feasible to evaluate early-stage damage caused by BVID.

Impetigo herpetiformis is a rare skin disease that most often occurs in the third trimester of pregnancy. It is currently considered as a form of generalized pustular psoriasis and the typical skin lesions comprise small sterile pustules. Here, a case of impetigo herpetiformis in the second trimester of pregnancy after 7 weeks of hydroxychloroquine administration for suspected Sjogren's syndrome is reported. Treatment with anti-infective, anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive medication did not improve the patient’s condition. Following delivery of a live male by emergency caesarean section at 29 weeks’ gestation, the rash was reported to be completely resolved by 3 months postpartum. Previously published cases of impetigo herpetiformis in the second trimester of pregnancy that were retrieved from a search of the PubMed database are also reviewed and discussed.

Fluid mastic asphalt (FMA) is a skeleton dense hot-mixed asphalt mixture with the internal porosity of less than 1 %, which is formed by mixture fluidity or vibration-assisted slurry extraction. In order to improve the fluidity of SBS modified asphalt binder used in FMA, it should be heated at ultra-high temperature which refers to 200 ℃ and above. The performance degradation of asphalt binder which is heated at ultra-high temperature in the asphalt storage tank cannot be avoided. At present, there are few studies on the performance degradation of SBS modified asphalt binder in the process of construction at ultra-high temperature. This study proposes an aging test method which is aging of large volume (ALV) and then short-term aging in laboratory which aims to replace extraction and recovery from old asphalt mixture. The macro performance of SBS modified asphalt binder are analyzed by penetration, ductility, softening point, dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and bending beam rheometer (BBR). The microscopic changes of SBS modified asphalt binder are analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results shows that, taking aging of large volume at 165 ℃ as the standard, the change rate of that before and after short-term aging and mix change between that and other kind of aging of large volume reaches a third and above. The carbonyl group occurs in the infrared spectrum of aging in the form of volume at 225 ℃ but else asphalt binder which undergo aging in the form of volume at other temperature do not. The molecular weight decreases significantly and the distribution range becomes wider.

The use of Advance Oxidation Process (AOPs) has been extensively examined in order to eradicate organic pollutants. This review assesses the efficacy of photolysis, O3 based (O3/UV, O3/H2O2, O3/H2O2/UV, H2O2/UV, Fenton, Fenton-like, hetero-system) and sonochemical and electro-oxidative AOPs in this regard. The main purpose of this review and some suggestions for the advancement of AOPs is to facilitate the elimination of toxic organic pollutants. Initially proposed for the purification of drinking water in 1980, AOPs have since been employed for various wastewater treatments. AOPs technologies are essentially a process intensification through the use of hybrid methods for wastewater treatment, which generate large amounts of hydroxyl (•OH) and sulfate (SO4·−) radicals, the ultimate oxidants for the remediation of organic pollutants. This review covers the use of AOPs and ozone or UV treatment in combination to create a powerful method of wastewater treatment. This novel approach has been demonstrated to be highly effective, with the acceleration of the oxidation process through Fenton reaction and photocatalytic oxidation technologies. It is clear that Advance Oxidation Process are a helpful for the degradation of organic toxic compounds. Additionally, other processes such as •OH and SO4·− radical-based oxidation may also arise during AOPs treatment and contribute to the reduction of target organic pollutants. This review summarizes the current development of AOPs treatment of wastewater organic pollutants.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), the most common chronic liver disease, represents a spectrum of nonalcoholic hepatic steatosis, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Recent studies have revealed that the gut-liver axis is associated with the development of NAFLD. Intervention measures such as exercise, diet, microecological preparations, antibiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and bacteriophage can alleviate NAFLD by improving intestinal microbiota. We reviewed recent advances in the relationship and mechanism between intestinal microbiota and NAFLD as well as treatment of NAFLD targeting the intestinal microbiota, and summarized that intestinal microbiota is closely related to NAFLD, and the regulation of intestinal microbiota can be used as a new target for NAFLD treatment, which will provide new ideas and references for clinicians in the diagnosis and treatment of NAFLD.

Highlights Female RAGE−/− mice showed significantly improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared to male RAGE−/− mice. Female RAGE deficiency promotes M2 macrophage polarization in adipose tissues. Female RAGE deficiency prevents oxidative stress in adipose tissues. Female RAGE deficiency protects insulin-AKT signaling in adipose tissues.

Abstract Broadband photodetectors (PDs) with low detection limits hold significant importance to next‐generation optoelectronic devices. However, simultaneously detecting broadband (i.e., X‐ray to visible regimes) and weak lights in a single semiconducting material remains highly challenging. Here, by alloying iodine‐substituted short‐chain cations into the 3D FAPbI3 (FA = formamidine), a new 2D bilayered lead iodide hybrid perovskite, (2IPA)2FAPb2I7 (1, 2IPA = 2‐iodopropylammonium), that enables addressing this challenge is reported. Such a 2D multilayered structure and lead iodide composition jointly endow 1 with a minimized dark current (6.04 pA), excellent electrical property, and narrow bandgap (2.03 eV), which further gives it great potential for detecting broadband weak lights. Consequently, its high‐quality single crystal PDs exhibit remarkable photoresponses to weak ultraviolet–visible lights (377–637 nm) at several tens of nW cm−2 with high responsivities (>102 mA W−1) and significant detectivities (>1012 Jones). Moreover, 1 has an excellent X‐ray detection performance with a high sensitivity of 438 µC Gy−1 cm−2 and an ultralow detection limit of 20 nGy s−1. These exceptional attributes make 1 a promising material for broadband weak lights detection, which also sheds light on future explorations of high‐performance PDs based on 2D hybrid perovskites.

Synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs) for many different uses requires the development of environmentally friendly synthesis protocols. In this article, we present a simple and environmentally friendly method to synthesize lead oxide (PbO) NPs from the plant material of the Mangifera indica. Analytical techniques such as spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and microscopy were used to characterize the synthesized PbO NPs, and their photo-electrocatalytic and antifungal properties were also evaluated. H2O2 was used to investigate the efficacy of removing methylene blue dye. At a range of pH values, H2O2 was used to study the role of hydroxyl radicals in the breakdown of methylene blue dye. Methylene blue dyes are more easily eliminated due to increased generation of the *OH radical during removal. Dye degradation was also significantly affected by the aqueous medium’s pH. Additionally, the electrocatalytic properties of the PbO NPs adapted electrode were studied in CH3COONa aqueous solution using cyclic voltammetry. Excellent electrocatalytic properties of the PbO NPs are shown by the unity of the anodic and cathodic peaks of the modified electrode in comparison to the stranded electrode. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Candida glabrata were some fungi tested with the PbO NPs. Against A. flavus (40%) and A. niger (50%), and C. glabrata (75%), the PbO NPs display an excellent inhibition zone. Finally, PbO NPs were used in antioxidant studies with the powerful antioxidant 2, 2 diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). This study presents a simple and environmentally friendly method for synthesizing PbO NPs with multiple uses, including photo-electrocatalytic and antimicrobial activity.

As a critical foundational component, bearings find widespread application in various mechanical equipment. In order to achieve automated defect detection in the bearing-manufacturing process, a defect detection algorithm combining magnetic particle inspection with deep learning is proposed. Dynamic thresholding and generative adversarial network (GAN) methods are employed to extract defect samples from bearing images and augment the dataset, thereby enhancing data diversity. To mitigate the impact of irrelevant displays in bearing images, a coordinated attention (CA) mechanism is introduced into the backbone network of the deep learning model to focus on key information. Additionally, an adaptive spatial feature fusion module (ASFF) is incorporated during the multiscale fusion stage to maintain consistency in features across different hierarchical levels. The weighted intersection over union (WIoU) bounding box loss function is utilized to replace the original generalized intersection over union (GIoU) in the network, directing the model’s attention towards common-quality anchor boxes to reduce the adverse effects of inconsistent annotations. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved network achieves a mean average precision (mAP) of 98.4% on the bearing dataset, representing a 4.2% improvement over the original network.

Given the impact of limited wireless resources, a dynamic multi-dimensional resource joint management algorithm was proposed, which intended to tackle the problem of device failure and training interruption caused by the limited battery energy in federated learning network in industrial Internet of things (IIoT).Firstly, the optimization problem was decoupled into battery energy allocation, equipment resource allocation and communication resource allocation sub-problems which were interdependent with the goal of maximizing the fixed-time learning accuracy.Then, the equipment transmission and computing resource allocation problem were solved based on particle swarm optimization algorithm under the given energy budget.Thereafter, the resource block iterative matching algorithm was proposed to optimize the optimal communication resource allocation strategy.Finally, the online energy allocation algorithm was proposed to adjust the energy budget allocation.Simulation results validate the proposed algorithm can improve the model learning accuracy compared with other benchmarks, and can perform better in energy shortage scenarios.

Biomass energy is one of the important and feasible renewable energy resources. Chemical looping combustion (CLC) can meet the requirements of efficient CO2 capture with low energy consumption. The combination of the two factors is intuitive and important for realizing carbon neutral energy processing and conversion. Cellulose is the component with the highest content in biomass. However, there is still a lack of clear understanding of the thermal conversion behavior and microscopic reaction mechanism of cellulose in CLC. In this work, the behaviors and mechanisms of cellulose in CLC with iron-based OCs were studied systematically based on the comprehensive technics of thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments, kinetic models and molecular dynamic simulations. The reaction behaviors, kinetic mechanism, and complex reactive networks of cellulose under complex environmental interface conditions of CLC were revealed. Three different stages were revealed for thermal weight loss and reaction behavior of cellulose in CLC via TGA. The effects of different conversion rates and reaction stages on activation energy during CLC were described based on two model-free integration methods. The dynamic evolution of the CLC process was discussed by ReaxFF MD (reactive force field molecular dynamics) simulations. A complex reaction network of cellulose depolymerization and CO2 release in CLC was obtained.

Summary: Striking antibody evasion by emerging circulating severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants drives the identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs). However, how a bNAb acquires increased neutralization breadth during antibody evolution is still elusive. Here, we identify a clonally related antibody family from a convalescent individual. One of the members, XG005, exhibits potent and broad neutralizing activities against SARS-CoV-2 variants, while the other members show significant reductions in neutralization breadth and potency, especially against the Omicron sublineages. Structural analysis visualizing the XG005-Omicron spike binding interface reveals how crucial somatic mutations endow XG005 with greater neutralization potency and breadth. A single administration of XG005 with extended half-life, reduced antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) effect, and increased antibody product quality exhibits a high therapeutic efficacy in BA.2- and BA.5-challenged mice. Our results provide a natural example to show the importance of somatic hypermutation during antibody evolution for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization breadth and potency.

Background: Remimazolam tosilate is a new ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine sedative medicine. In this study, we evaluated the effect of remimazolam tosilate on the incidence of hypoxemia during sedation in elderly patients undergoing gastrointestinal endoscopy.Methods: Patients in the remimazolam group received an initial dose of 0.1 mg/kg and a bolus dose of 2.5 mg of remimazolam tosilate, whereas patients in the propofol group received an initial dose of 1.5 mg/kg and a bolus dose of 0.5 mg/kg of propofol. Patients received ASA standard monitoring (heart-rate, non-invasive blood pressure, and pulse oxygen saturation) during the entire examination process. The primary outcome was the incidence of moderate hypoxemia (defined as 85%≤ SpO2< 90%, >15s) during the gastrointestinal endoscopy. The secondary outcomes included the incidence of mild hypoxemia (defined as SpO2 90%–94%) and severe hypoxemia (defined as SpO2< 85%, >15s), the lowest pulse oxygen saturation, airway maneuvers used to correct hypoxemia, patient’s hemodynamic as well as other adverse events.Results: 107 elderly patients (67.6 ± 5.7 years old) in the remimazolam group and 109 elderly patients (67.5 ± 4.9 years old) in the propofol group were analyzed. The incidence of moderate hypoxemia was 2.8% in the remimazolam group and 17.4% in the propofol group (relative risk [RR] = 0.161; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.049 to 0.528; p < 0.001). The frequency of mild hypoxemia was less in the remimazolam group, but not statistically significant (9.3% vs. 14.7%; RR = 0.637; 95% CI, 0.303 to 1.339; p = 0.228). There was no significant difference in the incidence of severe hypoxemia between the two groups (4.7% vs. 5.5%; RR = 0.849; 95% CI, 0.267 to 2.698; p = 0.781). The median lowest SpO2 during the examination was 98% (IQR, 96.0%–99.0%) in patients in the remimazolam group, which was significantly higher than in patients in the propofol group (96%, IQR, 92.0%–99.0%, p < 0.001). Patients in the remimazolam group received more drug supplementation during endoscopy than patients in the propofol group (p = 0.014). There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of hypotension between the two groups (2.8% vs. 12.8%; RR = 0.218; 95% CI, 0.065 to 0.738; p = 0.006). No significant differences were found in the incidence of adverse events such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness, and prolonged sedation.Conclusion: This study explored the safety of remimazolam compared with propofol during gastrointestinal endoscopy in elderly patients. Despite the increased supplemental doses during sedation, remimazolam improved risk of moderate hypoxemia (i.e., 85%≤ SpO2 < 90%) and hypotension in elderly patients.

Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1, also known as CXCL12) and its receptor CXCR4 have shown to play a role in the homing and engraftment of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. SDF-1 is highly expressed in platelets and involved in thrombosis formation. However, the exact roles of platelet-derived SDF-1 and CXCR4 in platelet activation and mitochondrial function have not been revealed yet. Deletion of Sdf-1 and Cxcr4 specifically in platelets decreased agonist-induced platelet aggregation and dramatically impaired thrombin-induced glucose uptake. In SDF-1-deficient and CXCR4-deficient platelets, intracellular ATP secretions were reduced when activated by the addition of thrombin. SDF-1 deficiency in platelets can impair the routine respiration during resting state and maximal capacity of the electron transfer system (ETS) during activated state. Mitochondrial respiration measurements in permeabilized platelets indicated an impaired function of the oxidative phosphorylation system in -SDF-1 or CXCR4-deficient platelets. These results suggested a novel role of the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in modulating platelet energy metabolism and activation by regulating mitochondrial respiration, glucose uptake, and ATP production.