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Five previously undescribed epoxy octa-hydronaphthalene polyketides, altereporenes A–E (1–5) were isolated from rice culture of the endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. YUD20002 derived from the tubers of Solanum tuberosum.

Highly selective sensing of Fe3+ is very important due to its great effect on biological systems.

Chloramphenicol (CAP) has long been used extensively in agriculture and is severely toxic to the biological environment. Microwave catalysis appears a promising method for soil remediation due to its fast and effective heat transfer, but it is challenging to prepare catalysts with good electromagnetic wave absorption and robust catalytic activity. In this study, atomically dispersed Fe on three-dimensional N-doped carbon supports (3D Fe-NC) is firstly used for microwave remediation of soil. Thanks to the synergistic effect of microwave "hot spots" and reactive oxygen species (•OH, •O

In this study, a novel La(III)-based two-dimensional (2D) metal-organic framework, [La

Nitrate electrocatalytic reduction (NO

Extremely slow kinetics and limited accumulation of H2O2 during the oxygen reduction reaction, which derives from the negative effects of diffusion-limited and further catalysis, are the grant challenges seriously hindering the development of green H2O2 synthesis. Herein, we first controlled the coupling energy of the proton and electron by periodic-potential-driven catalysis, achieving 56-fold greater H2O2 accumulation than that generated by constant-potential catalysis. To modulate proton and electron coupling transfer, we employed optimized dual-electrolytes to achieve a rate of 45900 mmol gcat−1 h− 1, and provided strong evidence of molecular-level understanding via comprehensive microenvironment simulation. These results were obtained with a pyrolytic metal/reduced cage crystal (RCC1) catalyst with stable performance reaching 3.6 million pulses, which generated products that can be directly utilized for the complete removal of bacteria in 2 seconds from seawater. Our systemic methodology and in situ application are anticipated to aid in the design of innovative catalysts, provide a deep understanding of pulse and electrolyte effects, and aid in the design of a new effective cell system to achieve industry-level H2O2 production.

Two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COFs) are promising for gas sensing owing to the large surface area, size-tunable pores, abundant active sites, and their semiconducting nature. However, 2D COFs are usually produced in the form of insoluble micro crystallites. Their poor contacts between grain boundaries severely suppress the conductivity, which are too low for chemresistive gas sensing. Here, we demonstrate that halide perovskite nanocrystals can be employed as electric glues to bond 2D COF crystallites to significantly improve their conductivity by two orders of magnitude, activating them to detect NO2 with high selectivity and sensitivity. Resonant microcantilever (RMC), grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC), density functional theory (DFT) and sum-frequency generation (SFG) analyses prove that 2D COFs can enrich and transfer electrons to NO2 molecules, leading to increased device conductivity. Our work gives a new approach to improving the conductivity of 2D COF films and expands the applications of 2D COF micro crystallites.

Aspidopterys obcordata vine is a Chinese Dai ethnic herb used to treat urolithiasis. However, the material basis and underlying mechanisms remain undefined. In this study, a 2.3 kD inulin-like A. obcordata fructan (AOFOS) was isolated by size exclusion column chromatography and characterized by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-ion trap-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-IT-TOF-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-performance gel permeation chromatography (HGPC). In addition, AOFOS showed unique anti-urolithiasis activity in Drosophila kidney stone models. Mechanism study indicated that AOFOS reduced the size of calcium oxalate crystals by inhibiting the formation of large size crystals and the generation rate of calcium oxalate crystals as well as the crystal form conversion from calcium oxalate monohydrate (COM) to calcium oxalate dihydrate (COD).

Measurement(s) spatial region Technology Type(s) occurrent Sample Characteristic - Organism Mammalia center dot Chiroptera sp. BOLD:AAA2524 Sample Characteristic - Environment cave system center dot karst cave Sample Characteristic - Location Global Understanding biodiversity patterns as well as drivers of population declines, and range losses provides crucial baselines for monitoring and conservation. However, the information needed to evaluate such trends remains unstandardised and sparsely available for many taxonomic groups and habitats, including the cave-dwelling bats and cave ecosystems. We developed the DarkCideS 1.0 (), a global database of bat caves and species synthesised from publicly available information and datasets. The DarkCideS 1.0 is by far the largest database for cave-dwelling bats, which contains information for geographical location, ecological status, species traits, and parasites and hyperparasites for 679 bat species are known to occur in caves or use caves in part of their life histories. The database currently contains 6746 georeferenced occurrences for 402 cave-dwelling bat species from 2002 cave sites in 46 countries and 12 terrestrial biomes. The database has been developed to be collaborative and open-access, allowing continuous data-sharing among the community of bat researchers and conservation biologists to advance bat research and comparative monitoring and prioritisation for conservation.

To better exploit all-liquid 3D architectures, it is essential to understand dynamic processes that occur during printing one liquid in a second immiscible liquid. Here, the interfacial assembly and transition of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-sulfonatophenyl) porphyrin (H

In recent years, the performance research of perovskite materials is not only concentrated in the field of solar cells or optics, but the field of gas sensing has gradually entered the public view. However, the detection of nitric oxide (NO) by lead-free halide perovskites has not yet been reported. Herein, we use Cs

Most organic semiconductors (OSCs) consist of conjugated skeletons with flexible peripheral chains. Their weak intermolecular interactions from dispersion and induction forces result in environmental susceptibilities and are unsuitable for many multifunctional applications where direct exposure to external environments is unavoidable, such as gas absorption, chemical sensing, and catalysis. To exploit the advantages of inorganic semiconductors in OSCs, ion-in-conjugation (IIC) materials are proposed. An IIC material refers to any conjugated material (molecules, polymers, and crystals) in Kekule's structural formula containing stoichiometric ionic states in its conjugated backbone in the electronic ground state. In this review, the definitions, structures, synthesis, properties, and applications of IIC materials are described briefly. Four types of IIC material, including zwitterionic conjugated molecules/polymers, conjugated ionic dyes, π-d conjugated molecules and polymers, and coordinatively doped polymers, are reported. Their applications in gas sensing, humidity sensing, resistive memory devices, and thermal/photo-/electro-catalysis are demonstrated. The challenges and opportunities for future research are also discussed. It is expected that this work will inspire the design of new organic electronic information materials.

With rapidly growing industrial and economic activities, low-level pollutants, such as nitrate, urea, etc. in air, surface and ground water, have been increasing due to release of fertilizers and pesticides from industry, agriculture, and domestic sewage. It is promising to remove these pollutants and subsequently produce high-value chemicals by electrocatalysis but suffers from low efficiency. Recently, we have exploited several strategies, such as the built-in-electric field, local coordination symmetry, enhanced adsorption-separation interface and substrate geometry, to modulate the microenvironment of active sites on electrocatalysts, facilitating interfacial accumulation of the low-concentration pollutants. These have resulted in remarkable enhancement of the pollutant removal efficiency as well as improvement of yield of high-value products. In this talk, we will report our progress in separation and electrocatalytic removal of low-concentration pollutants and conversion of pollutant to high-value products.

Effects of five different nitrogen application rates (i.e., N通过盆栽试验,研究5个水平的施氮量(N

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01 mol%).

Novel N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) complexes using 2-picolinic acid as the ancillary ligand have been successfully developed under mild conditions. Their catalytic activity in organic synthesis has been initially tested in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination of secondary and primary amines with aryl chlorides. Various substituents on both substrates can be tolerated, giving the desired coupling products in good to almost quantitative yields. The minimum catalyst loading can be 0.01 mol%, implying their potential application toward industrial processes.

MXenes are a new type of two-dimensional material, and they have attracted extensive attention because of their outstanding conductivity and rich surface functional groups that make surface engineering easy and possible for adapting to diverse applications. However, there are scarce studies on surface engineering of MXene. Herein, we demonstrate for the first time that octylphosphonic acid-modified Ti

Nitrogen dioxide (NO

A series of N-heterocyclic carbene-palladium(II) chlorides-1-methylindazole and -1-methylpyrazole complexes was successfully synthesized and fully characterized by X-ray single crystal diffraction. In addition, initial investigations of their catalytic activity showed that they were efficient catalysts in the C–N coupling of primary and secondary amines with aryl chlorides at low catalyst loadings.

The first example of palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-Miyaura coupling between benzyl sulfonates and arylboronic acids was reported in this paper. In the presence of a well-defined, air-stable and easily available NHC-Pd(II)-Im complex, all reactions worked well to give the desired products in good to almost quantitative yields under the optimal conditions. Electron-rich, -neutral, -poor and sterically-hindered substituents on both substrates are tolerated in such transformation, providing a convenient, efficient and alternative method for the synthesis of diarylmethanes.

A well-defined NHC-Pd(II)-Im complex 1 showed efficient catalytic activity toward the allyl-aryl coupling of allylic alcohols with arylboronic acids in neat water. Under the optimal reaction conditions, all reactions proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding coupling products in moderate to high yields.