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Treatment with metformin can lead to the recovery of pleiotropic biological activities after spinal cord injury. However, its effect on spinal cord injury in aged mice remains unclear. Considering the essential role of angiogenesis during the regeneration process, we hypothesized that metformin activates the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway in endothelial cells, thereby promoting microvascular regeneration in aged mice after spinal cord injury. In this study, we established young and aged mouse models of contusive spinal cord injury using a modified Allen method. We found that aging hindered the recovery of neurological function and the formation of blood vessels in the spinal cord. Treatment with metformin promoted spinal cord microvascular endothelial cell migration and blood vessel formation in vitro. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of metformin in an in vivo model promoted endothelial cell proliferation and increased the density of new blood vessels in the spinal cord, thereby improving neurological function. The role of metformin was reversed by compound C, an adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase inhibitor, both in vivo and in vitro, suggesting that the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway likely regulates metformin-mediated angiogenesis after spinal cord injury. These findings suggest that metformin promotes vascular regeneration in the injured spinal cord by activating the adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase/endothelial nitric oxide synthase pathway, thereby improving the neurological function of aged mice after spinal cord injury.

Sea buckthorn（Hippophae rhamnoides L.） is a flowering shrub native to cold-temperate regions of Eurasia, which is also valuable for its berries and leaves containing various vitamins and flavonoids (Pundir et al. 2021). In late June 2020, high mortality (more than 70%) was observed in sea buckthorn in a 1.6-ha seedling nursery in Chaoyang City, Liaoning province, China, where 16 Chinese and Russian cultivars (cv.) had been planted since 2014 (cv. Shenqiuhong, eshi01 through eshi15). The mortality of two introduced sea buckthorn varieties (eshi02, eshi04) was 100% (125 trees died in total). The symptoms include massive drooping leaves and dried-up stems on 6-year-old infected trees. Pieces of tree roots and stems with brown discoloration in the xylem vessels were selected. Small tissue fragments (0.2-0.5 cm) were surface disinfested (3 min in 75% ethanol, rinsed with sterile distilled water), air-dried, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for 5 days at 25°C in the dark. A fungus was consistently isolated from both diseased roots and stems tissues, and a representative isolate (LC-1) was harvested. Genomic DNA was extracted for amplification and sequencing of the partial translation elongation factor-1α (EF1 and EF2 primers, accession Nos. MZ669853) (O'Donnell et al. 1998) and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (RPB2) (7cf/11aR primers, accession Nos. MZ669854) (O'Donnell et al. 2007). The sequences were further analyzed at the Fusarium MLST (https://fusarium.mycobank.org/) for identity confirmation, and showed 99.8% (over 95.2% query coverage) and 96.4% (over 88.4% query coverage) similarity to Fusarium proliferatum (NRRL 13584, 13591). Isolates on Spezieller Nahrstoffarmer agar (SNA) produced abundant aerial white mycelia and yellow pigmentation. The 30 macroconidia measured ranged from 28.5 - 62.5 × 3.2 - 5.4 μm, were thin, slender, with 3-5 septa. The aseptate microconidia ranged from 4.7 - 13.6 × 2.2 - 4.3 μm (n = 30). Pathogenicity tests were performed on healthy, potted 1-year-old sea buckthorn seedlings (cv. eshi05) using two isolates in a greenhouse at 25 °C, 80% relative humidity, and 12-hour light/dark photoperiod. Ten potted seedlings were inoculated on the stems by placing a 5-mm-diameter mycelial plug (5-day-old PDA cultures for each isolate) into the surface of a wound created with a needle, and the inoculation sites were covered with Parafilm to maintain moisture. Ten seedlings were inoculated with PDA plugs as controls. Six to ten days after inoculation, color of the leaves in the middle of the stems was variegated, and then dark necrotic lesions on leaf margins were observed. Three weeks after inoculation, 80% of inoculated stems were wilted, while control plants remained asymptomatic. The pathogen was consistently re-isolated and the recovered isolates were identified as F. proliferatum by amplifying the EF-1α gene. The typical symptoms on inoculated plants were dark to brown necrotic lesions on chlorotic leaves initially, and black withered stems in the terminal stage, similar to those observed on sea buckthorn trees infected with Fusarium sporotrichioides in Gansu and Heilongjiang provinces (Song et al. 2010; Xia et al. 2021). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sea buckthorn stem wilt caused by F. proliferatum in Liaoning province, China, which will be beneficial for expanding knowledge of Fusarium disease in sea buckthorn and provide more information for sustainable disease management in sea buckthorn.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human skin cancer, which is driven by the aberrant activation of Hedgehog signaling. Previous evidence indicated that sex determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is associated with the tumor metastasis. However, the expression and role of SOX2 in BCC remain unknown. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to analyze the possible mechanism of SOX2 in the progression of BCC. The levels of SOX2 in BCC cells were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Transwell assays were also used to determine the migration and invasion of BCC cells. Immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used for analyzing the role of SOX2 knockdown in the serine-arginine protein kinase 1 (SRPK1)-mediated phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway in BCC cells. The results demonstrated that SOX2 is overexpressed in BCC tissues and cells. In addition, SOX2 knockdown inhibited the migration and invasion of BCC cells, and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progress of BCC cells. It was also observed that SOX2 knockdown decreased SRPK1 expression, which further led to the downregulation of PI3K and AKT expression levels in BCC cells. Furthermore, SRPK1 transfection or PI3K/AKT pathway activation abolished the inhibitory effects of SOX2 knockdown on the migration, invasion and EMT progress of BCC cells. In conclusion, these results indicated that SOX2 may potentially serve as a target for BCC therapy by targeting the SRPK1-mediated PI3K/AKT signaling pathway.

The aim of this study was to observe the protective effect of water extract from Sabia parviflora on mice with acute liver injury induced by acetaminophen, and investigate its possible mechanism. Fifty-eight Kunming mice were divided into 6 groups, 8 in the normal group, 10 in the model group, 10 in the biphenyl diester group, and 10 each in the low, medium and high dose groups. After adaptive feeding for one week, the mice in normal group were intragastrically administered with an equal volume of 0.5% sodium carboxymethylcellulose sodium(CMC-Na), and the mice in other groups were intragastrically administered with corresponding drugs at 20 mL·kg~(-1) once a day. Then acetaminophen(200 mg·kg~(-1)) was administered after the above drug administration except the normal group. The behavior and signs of the experimental animals were observed every day and the samples were taken for experiments on the next day of the final administration. The liver mass and mass index were calculated. The blood was collected from the abdominal aorta and centrifuged to obtain the serum for detecting aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activity and alanine aminotransferase(ALT) activity. The liver tissue homogenate was used to detect superoxide dismutase(SOD) activity, glutathione(glutathione, r-glutamyl cysteingl+glycine, GSH) activity and malondialdehyde(MDA) content. Liver tissue was analyzed for histological analysis. The results showed that S. parviflora could alleviate the lipid peroxidation damage in the liver caused by acetaminophen, reduce the ALT and AST activities in serum, increase the levels of SOD and GSH in liver tissue, decrease the content of MDA in liver tissue, and inhibit the apoptosis. S. parviflora could also improve the live histopathological profile, protect liver cells and restore liver function. Among them, the high dose had the most significant effect and showed dose-effect relationship. This study indicated that S. parviflora had a significant protective effect on acetaminophen-induced liver injury in mice, and its mechanism may be related to its anti-oxidation effect and inhi-bitory effect on apoptosis.

Sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) is an important deciduous shrub for fruit and ecological restoration in arid and semi-arid regions of China. Twelve Chinese and Russian cultivars (cv. Shenqiuhong, eshi01, ... eshi11) were planted about 1.6 acre area in a seedling nursery, located in Qingyang City of Gansu province in northwest China, where high mortality (more than 70%) of sea buckthorn was observed in late July 2019. Symptoms consisted of massive chlorosis, drooping leaves and dried-up stems on 5-year-old trees. Pieces of tree roots and stems with irregular light-brown discoloration in the xylem vessels were selected. Small pieces of discolored tissue were surface disinfested (1 min in 1% sodium hypochlorite, followed by three rinses with sterile distilled water), air-dried, and placed on potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium for 5 days at 25°C in the dark. A fungus was consistently isolated from both diseased roots and stems tissues. Colonies on PDA grew rapidly. Dense mycelia were pinky-white initially, and became carmine red color with age on the undersurface of the plate. Macroconidia were moderately curved, 3 to 5 marked septa, hyaline, thick walled, and measuring 27.8± 3.6 µm × 4.8 ± 0.5 µm (n = 30). Microconidia were abundant, pear-shaped, ellipsoid to fusoid, often with a papilla at the base, and 8.4 ± 2.2 µm ×3.1 ± 0.3 µm (n = 30). Genomic DNA was extracted for amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS1 and ITS4 primers) (White et al. 1990) of the ribosomal DNA (Accession Nos. MN160235 to MN160238) and translation elongation factor-1 alpha (EF1 and EF2 primers, accession Nos. MN429075 to MN429078) (O'Donnell et al. 1998). The sequences revealed 99% similarity to the sequences of the ITS (AY188917), and 100% identity with EF1-α (JF740808) regions of Fusarium sporotrichioides. Based on morphological and molecular characteristics, the fungus was identified as F. sporotrichioides (Leslie and Summerell 2006). Koch's postulates were fulfilled on healthy, potted 1-year-old sea buckthorn seedings using two isolates in a greenhouse at 25 °C, 90% relative humidity, and 12-hour light/dark photoperiod. Ten potted seedings were inoculated on the stems by placing a 5-mm-diameter mycelial plug (5-day-old PDA cultures for each isolate) into the surface of a wound created with a needle, and the inoculation sites were covered with Parafilm to maintain moisture. Ten seedings were inoculated with PDA plugs as controls. Seven to ten days after inoculation, typical symptoms of dark-brown necrotic lesions on chlorotic leaf margins were observed. About 2 weeks after inoculation, the inoculated stems were gradually dry up, accompanied by withering and fallen leaves. Control plants remained asymptomatic. Pathogens were successfully isolated from the inoculated stems again, exhibiting morphological characteristics identical to those of F. sporotrichioides. Previous papers reported F. sporotrichioides as a common pathogen caused lavender wilt (Cosic et al. 2012), foliar spots on forage corn (Moya-Elizondo et al. 2013) and maize ear rot (Wang et al. 2019). To our knowledge, this is the first report of sea buckthorn stem wilt caused by F. sporotrichioides on several Chinese and Russian cultivars in Gansu province of China. In Heilongjiang province, the same disease was reported in 2010 (Song et al. 2010), nearly 30 longitudes away from Gansu province. Therefore, this disease appears to be a serious risk for future sea buckthorn production.

The Antuoling Mo deposit is a major porphyry-type deposit in the polymetallic metallogenic belt of the northern Taihang Mountains, China. The processes of mineralization in this deposit can be divided into three stages: an early quartz–pyrite stage, a middle quartz–polymetallic sulfide stage, and a late quartz–carbonate stage. Four types of primary fluid inclusions are found in the deposit: two-phase aqueous inclusions, daughter-mineral-bearing multiphase inclusions, CO2–H2O inclusions, and pure CO2 inclusions. From the early to the late ore-forming stages, the homogenization temperatures of the fluid inclusions are 300 to >500°C, 270–425°C, and 195–330°C, respectively, with salinities of up to 50.2 wt%, 5.3–47.3 wt%, and 2.2–10.4 wt% NaCl equivalent, revealing that the ore-forming fluids changed from high temperature and high salinity to lower temperature and lower salinity. Moreover, based on the laser Raman spectra, the compositions of the fluid inclusions evolved from the NaCl–CO2–H2O to the NaCl–H2O system. The δ18OH2O and δD values of quartz in the deposit range from +3.9‰ to +7.0‰ and −117.5‰ to −134.2‰, respectively, reflecting the δD of local meteoric water after oxygen isotopic exchange with host rocks. The Pb isotope values of the sulfides (208Pb/204Pb, 36.320–37.428; 207Pb/204Pb, 15.210–15.495; 206Pb/204Pb, 16.366–17.822) indicate that the ore-forming materials originated from a mixed upper mantle–lower crust source.

Five new carboxymethyl flavonoids named 5-carboxymethyl-3', 4', 7-trihydroxyflavone (1), (2S)- 5-carboxymethyl-3', 4', 7-trihydroxyflavonone (2a), (2R)-5-carboxymethyl-3', 4', 7-trihydroxyflavonone (2b), (2S)-5-carboxymethyl-4', 7-dihydroxyflavonone (3), 5- carbomethoxymethyl-4', 7-dihydroxyflavone (4), and a new chromone named 5-carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone (5), together with two known compounds 5-carboxymethyl-4'-hydroxyflavone-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (6), 5-carboxymethyl-4', 7-dihydroxyflavone (7) were isolated from Selaginella moellendorffii Hieron. Their structures including absolute configuration were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods and experimental electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. What's worth mentioning is that a carboxymethyl substituent appeared at the C-5 position of all isolated compounds, only recently discovered in genus Selaginella. Compounds 2a and 2b were identified as a pair of chiral isomers; compound 5 was discovered as the first chromone comprising a carboxymethyl side chain. Furthermore, all compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial activities against various Gram-positives and Gram-negatives, and compared to the reference drugs amoxicillin and norfloxacin. As a result, compounds 3 and 4 exhibited as potent antimicrobial agents with a broad spectrum, and compound 5 appeared as the most promising one to combat Gram-positives.

The Jinchangyu Au deposits contained an original resource of 50 t of gold and is located close to the northeastern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). The orebodies are controlled by structures in the amphibolite units of the Archaean Zunhua Group. Mineralization is generally associated with albite and hematite which is indicative of Na–Al–Si–Fe alteration. The most common styles of mineralization are subdivided based on the cross-cutting relationships of mineral assemblages as follows: (i) quartz–albite–hematite; (ii) quartz–albite–polymetallic sulfides with gold and molybdenite; (iii) quartz–pyrite; and (iv) quartz–carbonate. Quartz samples from the second (Stage II) and third (Stage III) assemblages contain two-phase fluid inclusion types; these are: (i) CO2–H2O fluid inclusions, and (ii) daughter mineral-bearing inclusions, which have homogenization temperatures of 270°–350 °C (for assemblage Stage II) and 180°–240 °C (for Stage III), and salinities of ≤ 13 wt.% NaCl equiv. A few S-type fluid inclusions suggesting salinities of 27.6–28.3 wt.% NaCl equiv. The S isotope composition of pyrite and molybdenite from Stage II (δ34S = –4.4 to 1.9‰) indicates that the mineralizing fluid originated predominantly from a magmatic source. The H–O isotope signatures from Stage II indicate a magmatic-dominated source for the mineralizing fluid with some addition of meteoric fluids. Previously published Pb and C isotope data indicate that ore and magma in the eastern part of the Hebei Province of China interacted with Precambrian country rocks, and so the fluids moved from the lower crust to shallower level during mineralization. The red quartz–albite–hematite veins from Jinchangyu were generated under strongly oxidizing alkaline conditions that were favorable for the incorporation of gold into the fluid and the crystallization of albite during the early stage of gold deposition. Seven molybdenite samples from Jinchangyu yield Re–Os model ages of ca. 233 to 219 Ma with a weighted mean age of 225 ± 4 Ma and an isochron age of 223 ± 5 Ma. This indicates that at least some of the gold associated with molybdenite is Late Triassic in age, and could be associated with buried intrusions that are part of the Late Triassic Dushan granites in the eastern portion of the NCC. This mineralization was formed after the closure of the Paleo-Asian Ocean. These results indicate that the intrusion-related Jinchangyu deposit is the far-field structural product of the collision of the NCC with the Siberian Craton to the north along the northern margin of the NCC.

Neuropathic pain (NP) is among the most intractable comorbidities of spinal cord injury. Dysregulation of non-coding RNAs has also been implicated in the development of neuropathic pain. Here, we identified a novel lncRNA, PKIA-AS1, by using lncRNA array analysis in spinal cord tissue of spinal nerve ligation (SNL) model rats, and investigated the role of PKIA-AS1 in SNL-mediated neuropathic pain. We observed that PKIA-AS1 was significantly upregulated in SNL model rats and that PKIA-AS1 knockdown attenuated neuropathic pain progression. Alternatively, overexpression of PKIA-AS1 was sufficient to induce neuropathic pain-like symptoms in uninjured rats. We also found that PKIA-AS1 mediated SNL-induced neuropathic pain by directly regulating the expression and function of CDK6, which is essential for the initiation and maintenance of neuroinflammation and neuropathic pain. Therefore, our study identifies PKIA-AS1 as a novel therapeutic target for neuroinflammation related neuropathic pain.

Background Axillary bromhidrosis is a distressing problem, which has a strong negative effect on one's social life. Objective To evaluate the effects and complications of the surgical modality for the treatment of axillary bromhidrosis. Methods One hundred fifteen patients with axillary bromhidrosis were treated. Two incisions were made transversely along the marked lines on the axillary crease. Subdermal undermining of the marked area with a depth of 0.3 to 0.5 cm and transverse detachment were performed, allowing the exposure of the skin flaps. Skin flaps were carefully separated from the skin. The apocrine glands, follicles, and fats were dissected, and the axillary superficial fascia was maintained. Results All patients achieved good results in terms of malodor elimination during the follow-up period. All patients reported reduction in axillary sweating. Postoperative complications were minor, including small hematoma (3 cases), delayed wound healing (5 cases), pressure blister (5 cases), and slightly wound scar (2 cases). No infection, skin necrosis, malodor, or recurrence was observed. One hundred eleven patients (96.5%) were very satisfied and 4 (3.5%) patients satisfied with the procedure, with none regretful. Conclusion The procedure has the advantage of a high success rate in radical elimination of the malodor with minor complications.

An unusual macrocyclic biflavone, selacyclicbiflavone A ( 1 ), have been isolated from Selaginella uncinata . The structure was elucidated on the basis of rigorous spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRESIMS techniques. The absolute stereochemistry of compound 1 was further confirmed by comparing experimental data with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. This is the first report of the macrocyclic biflavone with an unprecedented methylene bridge. A possible biosynthetic pathway was also postulated.

The Huajian gold deposit is located in the metallogenic belt of the northern part of the North China block. This deposit's ore bodies are mainly hosted in metamorphosed Neoarchean and Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rocks, of which Mesozoic volcano-intrusive complexes are closely associated with the Gold mineralization. The FIs of the Huajian deposit are primarily aqueous FIs with minor gas FIs. The pure gas or liquid FIs are very few. The ore-forming fluids were characterised by moderate–low temperature, low salinity and high oxygen fugacity and belonged to an H2O–NaCl ± CO2system. The FIs in quartz veins primarily developed in temperature intervals of 202–380°C, 191–407°C and 170–307°C., corresponding to salinities of 3.85wt.% to 11.23 wt.%, 3.69wt.% to 10.99 wt.% and 2.06wt.% to 17 wt.% NaCl eq.., respectively. The trapping pressures of the FIs from high temperature fluids in the quartz veins are 10-90 MPa, corresponding to depths of 1.0–10 km, assuming a density of the overlying rocks of 0.54 g/cm3–0.98 g/cm3. Multiple stages of phase separation or immiscibility of ore-forming fluid was critical for the formation of the Huajian deposit.

The Huajian gold deposit is one of the largest hydrothermal intrusion-related gold deposits in eastern Hebei Province, located in the northern margin of the North China Craton (NCC). The mineralization in this district displays a close spatial association with the shoshonitic Niuxinshan intrusive complex (NIC), which contributes to the characterization of the metallogeny associated with convergent margin magmatism. In the current study, new geochronological and geochemical data are combined with previously published isotopic data, obtained from the granitic rocks in the NIC, to constrain the timing of the district's tectonic setting transformation and determine its bearing on regional metallogeny. The new geochronological data constrain the timing of the tectonic transformation between 155 and 185 Ma. The NIC's granitic rocks can be geochemically subdivided into two groups. One group's geochemical signature exhibits steep rare earth element (REE) patterns with negligible Eu anomalies, lower Yb, higher Sr, and negative Nb-Ta-Ti (NTT) anomalies, which indicate a volcanic-arc environment with a thickened crust in a convergent setting. The other group exhibits flat REE patterns with obvious negative Eu anomalies, higher Yb, lower Sr, and weak NTT anomalies, which indicate an intra-plate extensional environment with a thinning crust. Combining geochronologic and isotopic data, the mineralization is Late Jurassic (~155 Ma). This is interpreted to be genetically related to the crystallization of the shallow crustal-sourced portions of this complex. Additionally, a tectonic model is presented that provides a plausible explanation for the abundant polymetallic mineralization that occurs in the northern margin of the NCC after 155 Ma.

Coolant for gundrill under MQL is impermissible to be high pressure, large quantity, or direct emission on the interface. These restricts would be seriously unfavorable to lubrication. Experiments reveal that poor lubricating always appear on the hole periphery with dark burns on the hole wall. A prospective solution is to regulate the pressure distribution by modifying the dub-off structure. Its derivation is detailed in this paper. Its validity is demonstrated by practical experiments.

Locally Linear Embedding (LLE) is a batch method. When new sample is added, the whole algorithm must be run repeatedly and all the former computational results are discarded. In the paper, the LLE algorithm processing on new sample points is analyzed. For the insufficient precision of the processing of traditional incremental LLE, an incremental LLE algorithm based on non-negative constraints of the weights is proposed. Non-negative constraints of linear weights are imposed on the new sample points in the projection process. The simple fitting of the original algorithm from the engineering application is avoided by the proposed algorithm and the problem of the constantly updating of the whole manifold is solved at the case of new samples being added. Compared with the traditional incremental LLE method, S-curve simulation data and engineering examples analysis show the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

Single-phase polycrystalline La2NiMnO6 was studied by means of magnetization and specific heat measurements. This monoclinic perovskite material shows ferromagnetic behavior with Tc about 270 K. ac Susceptibility of the sample shows a strong frequency dependent behavior. Fitting results of the relationship between freezing temperature and frequency indicate that the present sample can be better described as a system with superparamagnetic (SPM) behavior. This dynamic magnetic behavior was further confirmed by the weak magnetic relaxation and memory effect. The SPM behavior was explained in terms of formation of clusters in the magnetic background. Moreover, specific heat at 0 T and 9 T both shows broad transition around Tc.

An unusual macrocyclic biflavone, selacyclicbiflavone A ( 1 ), have been isolated from Selaginella uncinata . The structure was elucidated on the basis of rigorous spectroscopic analysis including 1D and 2D NMR experiments as well as HRESIMS techniques. The absolute stereochemistry of compound 1 was further confirmed by comparing experimental data with calculated electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. This is the first report of the macrocyclic biflavone with an unprecedented methylene bridge. A possible biosynthetic pathway was also postulated.

Hericium erinaceus is a well-known medicinal and edible mushroom, which is considered as a potential source to obtain antitumor candidates. In this work, five new isoindolinones, named erinaceolactams A-E (1-5), along with five known compounds (6-10), were isolated from 70% ethanol extract of the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceus. The structures of new compounds were validated by HRESIMS and 1D, 2D NMR. It's worth mentioning that there are two pairs of isomers included in the new compounds. Moreover, their cytotoxicity against metastatic human hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines SMMC-7221 and MHCC-97H were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 6 and 7 exhibited promising inhibitory potency against the growth of two cell lines.

The grinding precision and the surface characteristics of the engineering ceramic are hard to control because of the hardness and brittleness. In order to grind the engineering ceramic under ductile mode, it is necessary to reduce the displacement of the grinding machine for the limitation of its stiffness to keep the grinding parameters in micro scale. A three-degree-of-freedom parallel workpiece table for ceramic grinding is developed to compensate the deformation of grinding machine caused by grinding force during grinding process. Based on the principle of negative stiffness, the workpiece table can generate a displacement which is reverse to the loading direction to compensate the deformation of the grinding machine. The developed precise workpiece table is a three degree of freedom negative stiffness controllable parallel mechanism composed of three piezoelectric actuators and a flexible parallel mechanism. Then the characteristics, such as kinematics and workspace, of the workpiece table are studied.

Precision grinding on brittle materials accomplished without generating subsurface fracture damage is called ductile-regime grinding. The most important key point for maintaining a ductile material removal regime is to ensure that the cut depth made by grinding process does not exceed the critical cut depth. Through collecting and processing the acoustic emission(AE) signals generated by zirconia (PSZ) ceramic grinding tests, and analyzed the characteristics of AE signals under different grinding parameters. As a result of the experiments described in this paper, it can be concluded that AE signals measured during micro-grinding are sensitive to the changes of cut d- epths. The relationship between AE signals and material removal regime could lead to an in-process sensing strategy of the cut depths for ensuring grinding processes under ductile regime.

This paper introduces a novel approach for mechanical manufacturing system to implement status monitoring and fault diagnosis. The embedded hardware and software framework for terminal device is discussed to ensure high performance, high reliability, high expansibility, low power and small volume. According to the demand of remote status monitoring, the strategy of data transmission and information sharing is applied to provide the analyzing and diagnosing service based on intranet/internet. The artificial intelligent technique is used for information fusion and fault diagnosis of manufacturing system. The proposed approach shows great potential for improving overall production efficiency, while reducing the cost of maintenance.

In this paper, a novel approach is proposed to extract features from the bispectra of mechanical fault signals using non-negative tensor factorization (NTF) for the purpose of establishing an intrinsic relationship between mechanical faults and extracted characteristics. First, the bispectra of mechanical signals are obtained and stacked to form a three-dimensional (3D) tensor. Then, an NTF method is applied to extract features, which are represented by a series of “basis images,” from this tensor. Finally, coefficients indicating these basis images’ weights in constituting original bispectral images are calculated for fault classification. Experiments on fault datasets of gearboxes showed that the results of the proposed method not only reveal some nonlinear features of the system, but also have low data dimensions and intuitive meanings with regard to fault characteristic frequencies, which bring great convenience to an explanation of the relationship between mechanical faults and the corresponding bispectra.

Aim of this study Qiwei Baizhu Powder (QWBZP) is a traditional herbal prescription that has been used traditionally for the treatment of infantile diarrhea, including the infantile diarrhea caused by Human Rotavirus (HRV). In this study, we investigated the pharmacological activity of QWBZP extract. Materials and methods NIH suckling mice with HRV induced diarrhea were used. Density of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, mRNA expression of IL-2, IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 in intestinal mucosa epithelial cells were assayed. Results QWBZP extract promoted the expressions of mRNA of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 and IFN-γ in intestinal mucosa epithelial cells. Also, we found that the density of CD8+ cells in intestinal mucosa epithelial cells was significantly lower in QWBZP group than in Model group, while the density of CD8+ cells was significantly higher in QWBZP group than in Model group. Conclusion These data suggest that QWBZP extract may exhibit antiviral effects through modulating the densities of T-cell subsets and the expressions of their cytokines in small intestinal mucosa epithelial cells.

Seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) planting areas in the three northern areas (north, northeast and northwest) of China are divided into five planting zones: the semi-humid forest prairie climate zone for ecological and economic types of seabuckthorn plantations in the southern part of the Loess Plateau; the semi-arid steppe climate zone for similar types of plantations in the central part of the Loess Plateau; the arid desert steppe climate zone for ecological type of seabuckthorn plantations in the northern part of the Loess Plateau; the semi-arid and semi-humid steppe climate zone again for ecological and economic types of plantations in northern Hebei and western Liaoning and the cold humid steppe climate zone for economic types of plantations in the northern part of northeast China. The aim of this demarcation is to avoid a random introduction of seabuckthorn. In each of the five zones, objectives should be set and suitable seabuckthorn species, subspecies and varieties should be planted according to site conditions, seed sources and methods of tree breeding. The cultivation centers, bases, stations, or units should be established and successful models of seedling and planting methods should be encouraged. The principle of matching trees with suitable site conditions and adjusting measures to local conditions should be practiced. From a strategic viewpoint of solving ecological and economic problems of seabuckthorn development in the three northern areas, every seabuckthorn center must have its own germplasm nursery, standard plantation for popularizing, excellent seed and seedling nurseries and sufficient afforestation areas for demonstration and propaganda purposes. These measures would improve the ecological environment and promote economic and social development in the three northern areas of China.

Background/Objective: Extramammary Paget′s Disease (EMPD) seems to be more common in Caucasians than Chinese. We report the clinical manifestations, management, and prognostic characteristics in 17 Chinese patients. Methods: Medical records and biopsies of 17 patients who had been treated at a large university hospital in China between March 2005 and January 2012 were reviewed. Results: Of the 17 patients, 14 were men. They had lesions on the scrotum and the penis. Of the three women, two had vulvar and one had inguinal lesions. All patients underwent Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS). Three men had metastasis to the inguinal lymph nodes and underwent an extensive local excision with inguinal lymphadenectomy. Eight patients who had positive excision margins received additional radiation therapy. The mean follow-up duration was 54 months (4-85 months). One patient had two recurrences. Three had metastasis to the inguinal lymph node. One had metastasis to the bone and concomitant prostate cancer. Two patients died of the disease. Conclusion: A striking difference in presentation of EMPD in Chinese compared with Caucasians is the male predominance and location on the penis and scrotum. Mohs micrographic surgery followed by radiotherapy is an effective treatment. Long-term follow-up suggests that the disease has a good prognosis when it does not metastasise.

Five minerals or elements, crude protein, lysine, methionine+cystine, calcium and phosphorus, were selected for evaluation of the food value of seabuckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides ssp. sinensis) using the method of “food analysis”. The decision values (δi) of seabuckthorn seeds, leaves and fruit residues rank in the fifth, sixth and ninth position among the 16 types of fodder. Seeds, leaves and fruit residues of seabuckthorn are suitable for livestock and poultry fodder. The weights of livestock and poultry are considerably increased after feeding with seabuckthorn. The development of seabuckthorn should have great potentials as food, pre-food and food additives for livestock and poultry in north China. Processing facilities should pay more attention to seabuckthorn food development methods and strategies and the seabuckthorn fodder industry should be promoted.

To evaluate the influence of perioperative nutritional support on nutritional status of patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis.Forty-eight patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis (male 25 and female 23, aged from 35 to 60 years, with an average of 48.25 years) were randomized into two groups. Twenty-four patients nutritional support were increased intravenously for 14 days (7 days before and after operation) in experimental group. Twenty-four patients in control group were supplied with routine diet. The body weight, plasma concentrations of albumin and ESR were detected on the 7th day before operation and on the 7th day after operation. The total wound drainage was recorded and compared.Body weight and plasma concentrations of albumin on the 7th day after operation and those on the 7th day before operation were not significantly different in experimental group (P0.05). In control group, body weight and plasma concentrations of albumin on the 7th day after operation was lower than those on the 7th day before operation (P0.05). The total wound drainage of experimental group was less than that of control group (P0.05). ESR on the 7th day after operation was lower than that on the 7th day before operation in two groups (P0.05); but the decrease of ESR in experimental group was more than that in control group (P0.05).Nutritional support is beneficial to alleviating innutrition caused by tubercle bacillus and operation. It can promote the effects of operation and anti-tuberculotic drugs.

To investigate the effect of tetramethylpyrazine on spinal cord repair through hypothesized pathways including regulation of caspase-3, neurofilament protein NF-L, NF-H, and NF-M expression.Allenos weight drop method was used to establish acute spinal cord injury (SCI) rat model at T10 section and was conducted in 80 adult Sprague Dawley rats that were subsequently divided into pseudo-therapy group (sodium chloride group, n=40) and tetramethylpyrazine group (treatment group, n=40). Eight normal rats were included into the pseudo-surgery normal group (n=1 for each time point). The function of spinal cord was evaluated with animal behavioral scores by measuring modified Rivilin loxotic plate degree and counting BBB score at 1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 d postoperatively. The injured spinal cord tissue samples were harvested at 1 h, 3 h, 6 h, 1 d, 3 d, 7 d, 14 d, and 21 d postoperatively (n=5 for each time point) for the preparation of continuous histological sections that were analyzed the expression of caspase-3,NF-L,NF-H, and NF-M by immunohistochemistry method.At postoperative Day 7, 14, and 21, animal behavioral scores revealed higher modified Rivlin loxotic plate degree and BBB scores in the treatment group when compared with those of the control group (P0.05). The cells in the injured spinal cord tissue expressed significantly less caspase-3 and significantly more NF (NF-L, NF-H and NF-M) in the treatment group than those in the control group at Day 3, 7, and 14 (P0.05). There was positive correlation between modified Rivlin loxotic plate degree and NF expression, BBB score and NF expression; and negative correlations between BBB score and caspase-3 expression, caspase-3 expression and NF expression.Tetramethylpyrazine improves spinal cord healing through regulation of caspase-3 and neurofilament protein expression.

To observe the effect of daily low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUs) therapy on improving the enchondral bone formation in lumbar fusion in rabbit models, and to explore its possible mechanism.Posterolateral noninstrumented bilateral fusions were performed at the L5 approximately L6 levels in 20 New Zealand rabbits. The autograft iliac bone was implanted on the left side, and the hydroxyapatite bioceramic artificial bone on the right. The rabbits were divided into a treatment group and a control group randomly. One week after the surgery, LIUPs was administered for 20 minutes per day for 4 weeks over the fusion site in the treatment group and false treatment was used in the control group. Post-anterior X-ray photographs were taken to determine the conditions of fusion area, and then, rabbits were killed and the fusion tissues were obtained. Chondrocytes were detected by histological and cytological methods.Compared with the control group, the fusion rate of the treatment group was significantly up-regulated (P0.05). There was plenty bone trabecula in the fusion area in the treatment group, the number of chondrocytes was also higher than that of the control group (P0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the number of chondrocytes between the iliac and artificial bone tissues after the treatment(P0.05).Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound therapy improves the endochondral bone formation in the lumbar spine fusion in rabbit models.

To analyze the relation between the clinical outcome and the integrity of the facets after a lumbar operation,and to provide a reference for choosing operative method and clinical prognosis.Forty-three patients with complete data underwent uni-segment discectomy were enrolled. There were 3 surgical interventions: open-window discectomy, full or semi-laminectomy. Groups were divided based on the integrity of the facets after the operation, and the clinical symptoms and signs were evaluated using the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Back (JOA) scores at 24-month follow-up.Preoperative JOA scores were not significantly different among the groups (P0.05). Compared with the facet intact group at 24-month follow-up,JOA scores were descended statistically in total uni-facetectomy group and total uni-facetectomy plus partial opposite facetectomy group (P0.01).Keeping facets integrated plays an important role in achieving good clinical results,and the damage of facet should be avoided in the lumbar operation.

To investigate the effect of interventional therapy in the treatment of intervertebral space infection.The needle was punctured into the infected intervertebral space from the post-lateral side of the spine monitored by X-rays. The pus was drained, the degenerative disc tissues and necrosis tissues were excised and taken out, and at the end a drainaging catheter was put into the space through the needle. The patient should lie in bed absolutely. The antibiotics was injected into the space through the silicon catheter every day. Three to four weeks later, the catheter was removed.All the 8 patients got good results after the therapy. The low back pain was dramatically alleviated instantly at the day of operation. Erythrocyte sedimental rate gradually descended. After 3 approximately 4 weeks of treatment,the catheter was removed.Interventional therapy of the intervertebral space infection has notable advantage over the open operation.

To detect the changes of mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) sequence in articular chondrocytes of cartilage affected by osteoarthritis and to clarified the pathogenetic mechanism of osteoarthritis.We analyzed the mtDNA 4,977 bp deletion mutations of articular chondrocytes in 10 patients with osteoarthritis and 3 normal cartilages using the gap-PCR amplification method. We designed a two round PCR detection method, in which total DNA was isolated from articular chondrocytes as the template of the first round PCR reaction and products from the first round were the template in the second round reaction.The results of the first rounds of PCR reaction showed the mtDNA 524 bp amplified products in the osteoarthritis group and in the corresponding peripheral blood samples were not detected, but the 533 bp products were detected. However,the results of the second round reaction revealed that the 524 bp zones were detected in 2 of the 10 osteoarthritis patients and the corresponding peripheral blood samples were not detected. The 533 bp products were detected in all specimens. The mtDNA 524 bp amplified products in all the normal articular chondrocytes and the corresponding peripheral white blood cells contrast were not detected in both rounds PCR.This was the first study to evaluate the mtDNA 4799 bp large fragment deletion mutational accumulation between nt8,470 - nt13,447 of articular chondrocytes in osteoarthritic cartilage. Osteoarthritis may be related to mtDNA mutation of articular chondrocytes.

To evaluate the therapeutic effects of intraarticular injection of ligustrazine on knee osteoarthritis (OA).Seventy-one cases of knee osteoarthritis (82 knees) were randomly divided into ligustrazine (LI) group and sodium hyaluronate (SH) group. The patients were intraarticularly injected ligustrazine or sodium hyaluronate once a week for 5 consecutive weeks, and were followed-up for 3 months. Lequesneos protocol for the evaluation of OA severity and activity was used. The therapeutic effects and changes of Lequesneos index were observed after the treatment.There was significant decrease in Lequesneos index in SH group after the treatment (P0.01), but not in LI group (P0.05). Three weeks later, there was significant decrease in Lequesneos index in both groups after the treatment (P0.01), with no significant difference between SH and LI group (P0.05). After the 5-week treatment, the efficacy rate of the LI group was 82.1%, and that of the SH group was 87.2%. No serious toxic or side effect was observed during the treatment and the follow-up.Intraarticular injection of ligustrazine has a therapeutic effect on knee OA. No adverse effect is observed, but it needs long time to take effect.

To explore the curative effect of surgical treatment for lumbar discogenic low back pain.Forty-two patients with lumbar discogenic low back pain were treated with disc excision and lumbar interbody fusion: 12 of them were treated with posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF), 30 with afront lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF). The clinical results were evaluated by pre- and post-operative visual analogue scale (VAS), and the fusion rates of the lumbosacral spine were evaluated by X-ray.The average follow-up period was 18 months, ranging from 6 to 36 months. Low back pain basically disappeared in 11 patients treated with PLIF, with mild back pain in one patient; VAS after the operation decreased significantly in comparison with that preoperatively (P0.01). Low back pain basically disappeared in 28 patients treated with ALIF; VAS after the operation decreased significantly in comparison with that preoperatively (P0.01). The fusion rate was 90% in patients treated with PLIF, and 93% in patients with ALIF.Disc excision and interbody fusion is effective in the treatment of lumbar discogenic low back pain, but the operation indications should be paid attention to.

To compare the advantages and disadvantages among the conventional operative methods with the primary anterior debridement, intercentrum auto grafting, and anterior internal fixation method for the thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis, and to discuss the applying principle.Twenty-seven patients with thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis were treated by the primary anterior debridement, intercentrum auto grafting, and anterior internal fixation, 8 patients were treated by focus debridement and intercentrum auto grafting operations, and the other 22 patients were treated by focus debridement from Feburary 1998 to July 2003, and we analysed the status of the grafting bone fused, the neural function resumed, the malformation rectified and the whole cure ratio.All patients were cured after the follow-up of 15.2 months averagely. Three thoracic spinal and 1 lumbar spinal tuberculosis patients who suffered local infection were cured by debridement and other managements. The time of beginning active movement postoperatively was shortened, and the degrees of kyphosis correction had increased in the anterior internal fixation group compared with the other two groups (P0.05). But the cost and the bleeding resulted from operation had increased in the anterior internal fixation group compared with the other two groups (P0.05).The conventional and the modern operation methods of thoracolumbar spinal tuberculosis have respective advantages and disadvantages, so that they can complement rather than replace each other.

To retrospectively explore the diagnosis and treatment of postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc infection.Twelve patients who suffered from postoperative lumbar intervertebral disc infection between April 1995 and September 2004 were confirmed doubtlessly by the diagnosis. They were treated with early immobilization combined with early and sufficient antibiotics and adequate corticosteroid. Patients with severe symptoms were managed by percutaneous puncture and washing discectomy such as rising temperature and perivertebral muscle spasm besides nostalgia, and early debridement of all necrotic tissue was done.Six were healed by non-operation and operation in the other 6. All had gotten locomotion with corset after the operation for 6-8 weeks and were followed-up from 6 months to 3 years. They have achieved excellent outcomes.When a postoperative disc space infection occurs, early diagnosis and treatment should be undertaken to achieve excellent outcomes.

Double perovskite La2-xCaxCoMnO6 (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5) ceramics samples were synthesized by the standard solid-state reaction method. The crystal structures have been confirmed to be monoclinic perovskite structure with space group of P21/n at room temperature by the powder x-ray diffraction (Cu-Kα). The grains of the samples are relatively dense and distribute in random directions from the scanning electron microscope patterns. Holes are doped into La2CoMnO6 with the substitution of the Ca2+ ions in La-site, and further lead to the valences of Mn ions and Co ions transforming from Mn4+ and Co2+ to Mn3+ and Co3+, respectively. Ferromagnetic coupling of Mn4+-O2–-Co2+ and antiferromagnetic coupling of Mn3+-O2–-Co3+ are coexistent in La2-xCaxCoMnO6 system, which correspond to two transitions existed in field-cooling magnetization versus temperature curves. Curie temperature of La2-xCaxCoMnO6 system decreases with the increasing of Ca-substitution amount. The coexistence of different magnetic phases leads to the exchange bias effect.