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Starch nanoparticles (SNPs) was produced from type-A, B and C native starches (corn, potato and Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp starches respectively), via the nanoprecipitation method. The SNPs showed different amylose contents, water contact angles, surface morphologies and urea clearance performances. In this work, to examine the parameters of SNPs that may change the urea adsorption capacity, urea adsorption performance in adsorption environments with different pH values, urea concentrations, and adsorption times was examined. Thereafter, the characteristics of SNPs were tested by water contact angle measurements (WCA), transmission electron microscopy, specific surface area measurements, gel permeation chromatography, and zeta potential analysis. The results showed that the Trichosanthes kirilowii pulp (C) SNPs show better adsorption than the corn (A) and potato (B) SNPs. The hydrophobicity of SNPs promotes the urea adsorption of the SNPs. Using grey relational analysis, it was found that WCA and Mn are the critical parameter affecting the adsorption performance, with WCA and Mn within the ranges of 31-33° and 1900-2100 kDa, respectively, were found to be the conditions for optimal urea adsorption.

Fucoidan(FPS) is an effective component of the Chinese patent medicine named Haikun Shenxi, which treats schronic renal failure in clinics, and has the potential anti-aging effects. However, it is still unclear whether FPS can improve renal aging, especially the molecular mechanism of its anti-aging. The human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells(HK-2) in vitro were divided into normal group(N), D-gal model group(D), low dose of FPS group(L-FPS), high dose of FPS group(H-FPS) and vitamin E group(VE), and treated by the different measures, respectively. More specifically, the HK-2 cells in each group were separately treated by 1 mL of 1% fetal bovine serum(FBS) or D-galactose(D-gal, 75 mmol·L~(-1)) or D-gal(75 mmol·L~(-1))+FPS(25 μg·mL~(-1)) or D-gal(75 mmol·L~(-1))+FPS(50 μg·mL~(-1)) or D-gal(75 mmol·L~(-1))+VE(50 μg·mL~(-1)). After the treatment for 24 h, firstly, the effects of D-gal on senescence-associated β-galactosidase(SA-β-gal) staining characteristics and klotho, P53 and P21 protein expression le-vels, as well as adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase(AMPK)-uncoordinated 51-like kinase 1(ULK1) signaling pathway activation in the HK-2 cells were detected, respectively. Secondly, the effects of FPS and VE on SA-β-gal staining characteristics and klotho, P53 and P21 protein expression levels in the HK-2 cells exposed to D-gal were investigated, respectively. Finally, the effects of FPS and VE on microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3(LC3) protein expression level and AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway activation in the HK-2 cells exposed to D-gal were examined severally. The results indicated that, for the HK-2 cells, the dose of 75 mmol·L~(-1) D-gal could induce the changes of SA-β-gal staining characteristics and klotho, P53 and P21 protein expression levels. That is causing cells aging. FPS and VE could both ameliorate the changes of SA-β-gal staining characteristics and klotho, P53 and P21 protein expression levels in the HK-2 cells exposed to D-gal. That is anti-cells aging, here, the functions of FPS and VE are similar. D-gal could not only induce cell aging but also increase LC3Ⅱ, phosphorylated-AMPK(p-AMPK) and phosphorylated-ULK1(p-ULK1) protein expressions, and activate autophagy-related AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway. FPS and VE could both improve the changes of LC3Ⅱ, p-AMPK and p-ULK1 protein expression levels in the HK-2 cells exposed to D-gal. That is inhibiting autophagy-related AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway activation. On the whole, for the human proximal renal tubular epithelial cells aging models induced by D-gal, FPS similar to VE, can ameliorate renal cells aging by possibly inhibiting autophagy-related AMPK-ULK1 signaling pathway activation. This finding provides the preliminary pharmacologic evidences for FPS protecting against renal aging.

A pulmonary lesion is an extremely common and clinically challenging disorder worldwide, and an accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for early treatment and management. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive meta analysis to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in evaluating patients with pulmonary lesions. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. The pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for 18F-FLT PET versus 18F-FDG PET were calculated as the main outcome measures. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were also constructed by Meta-Disk 1.4 software using a Mose's constant of linear model. The meta analysis showed that 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity (0.70; 95% CI, 0.61–0.77), but lower sensitivity (0.81; 95% CI, 0.74–0.87) compared to 18F-FDG PET (0.50; 95% CI, 0.41–0.58 for specificity; 0.92; 95% CI 0.86–0.95 for sensitivity). For DOR, 18F-FLT PET (12.58; 95% CI, 6.81–23.24) was higher compared to 18F-FDG PET (10.72; 95% CI, 5.51–20.87). The area under the curve was 0.8592 and 0.9240 for 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET, respectively (Z=0.976, P>0.05). In conclusion, 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET had good diagnostic performance for the overall assessment of pulmonary lesions, and 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity compared to 18F-FDG PET, but was less sensitive than 18F-FDG PET. Therefore, 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG together could add diagnostic confidence for pulmonary lesions.

2.25Cr1Mo0.25V alloy steel of making heavy cylinder for hydrogenation reactor was taken as research subject. The compression experiment was carried out on Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator under different conditions of deformation temperature, strain rate and deformation degree. The relationship between deformation resistance and deformation temperature, strain rate, deformation degree was analyzed. Two different types (dynamic recovery and dynamic recristallization) of deformation resistance model were established through multiple nonlinear regression method. The relative error of deformation resistance between the calculated value and the measured value was under 10% and the maximum error of the rolling force between the calculated value and the measured value was 9.7%, which showed that this deformation resistant model was accurate and met industry requirements.

To eliminate errors of 3-axis magnetoresistive magnetometer, according to its offset errors, sensitivity errors and non-orthogonal errors which specialty was considered, an error compensation model of magnetoresistive magnetometer was established. And the calculation method of the error compensation model, which did not need accelerometers, was proposed to correct the magnetometer errors. The results show the algorithm of error compensation model decrease the root mean square error of the magnetometer from 413nT to 82nT. Thus the 3-axis magnetoresistive magnetometer could fast and accurately measure the geomagnetic field.

Natural T cells [cluster of differentiation (CD) 3+CD56+] and natural killer (NK) cells (CD3-CD56+) are particularly abundant in the human liver and serve an important role in immune responses in the liver. The aim of the present study was to extensively determine the phenotypic and functional characteristics of natural T and NK cells in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Tumorous and non-tumorous tissue infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs and NILs, respectively) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were obtained to determine the frequency and phenotype of natural T/NK cells by a multicolor fluorescence activated cell sorting analysis. The abundance of natural T cells and NK cells was decreased in TILs vs. NILs (natural T cells, 6.315±1.002 vs. 17.16±1.804; NK cells, 6.324±1.559 vs. 14.52±2.336, respectively). However such results were not observed in PBMCs from HCC patients vs. that of healthy donors. Notably, a substantial fraction of the natural T cells (21.96±5.283) in TILs acquired forkhead box P3 (FOXP3) expression, and the FOXP3+ natural T cells lost the expression of interferon-γ and perforin. Conversely, being similar to the conventional FOXP3+ regulatory T cells, the FOXP3+ natural T cells assumed a specific phenotype that was characteristic of CD25+, CD45RO+ and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4+. Consistent with the phenotypic conversion, the present functional results indicate that FOXP3 expression in natural T cells contributes to the acquisition of a potent immunosuppressive capability. In conclusion, the present study describes a different representation of natural T cells and NK cells in local tumor tissues and in the periphery blood of patients with HCC, and identified a new type of FOXP3-expressing natural T cell spontaneously arising in the TILs of HCC.

To determine the correlation of (11)C-PD153035 uptake with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) sensitivity and phosphorylated EGFR (pEGFR) expression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines with different EGFR-TKI sensitivities and in their corresponding xenografts. Four human NSCLC cell lines (HCC827, PC9, A549, and H1975) in the logarithmic phase were co-incubated with (11)C-PD153035 to analyze the correlation of (11)C-PD153035 uptake with EGFR-TKI sensitivity, and EGFR/pEGFR expression. Nude mice xenograft models bearing the four NSCLCs were prepared. (11)C-PD153035 positron-emission tomography (PET)-computed tomography (CT) was used to image the xenografts and observe radioactive uptakes. Correlation of the in vivo uptakes with EGFR-TKI sensitivity, and EGFR/pEGFR expression was analyzed. HCC827 and PC9 cells, which were highly sensitive to EGFR-TKIs, exhibited higher (11)C-PD153035 uptakes than the other cells. A549 cells, which were moderately sensitive to EGFR-TKIs, showed higher uptake than the EGFR-TKI-resistant H1975 cells, which showed little or no uptake. Radioactive uptakes were positively correlated with pEGFR expression in all cells. PET-CT showed that radioactivity was highest in HCC827 xenografts. The radioactivity in PC9 xenografts was higher than that in A549 and H1975 xenografts. Tumor vs. non-tumor tissue ratio values were positively correlated with pEGFR expression in HCC827 and PC9 xenografts, but not in A549 and H1975 xenografts. In conclusion, (11)C-PD153035 can serve as an EGFR imaging agent in vitro and in vivo, and predicts sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs. This will provide an experimental basis for clinical applications of (11)C-PD153035 and individualized NSCLC therapy.

A pulmonary lesion is an extremely common and clinically challenging disorder worldwide, and an accurate diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial for early treatment and management. The aim of the present study was to perform a comprehensive meta analysis to compare the diagnostic performance of 18F-fluorothymidine (18F-FLT) positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) PET in evaluating patients with pulmonary lesions. Relevant studies were identified using the PubMed, EMBASE and Cochrane library databases. The pooled estimated sensitivity, specificity, positive-likelihood ratio, negative-likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) for 18F-FLT PET versus 18F-FDG PET were calculated as the main outcome measures. Summary receiver operating characteristic curves were also constructed by Meta-Disk 1.4 software using a Mose's constant of linear model. The meta analysis showed that 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity (0.70; 95% CI, 0.61–0.77), but lower sensitivity (0.81; 95% CI, 0.74–0.87) compared to 18F-FDG PET (0.50; 95% CI, 0.41–0.58 for specificity; 0.92; 95% CI 0.86–0.95 for sensitivity). For DOR, 18F-FLT PET (12.58; 95% CI, 6.81–23.24) was higher compared to 18F-FDG PET (10.72; 95% CI, 5.51–20.87). The area under the curve was 0.8592 and 0.9240 for 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET, respectively (Z=0.976, P>0.05). In conclusion, 18F-FLT PET and 18F-FDG PET had good diagnostic performance for the overall assessment of pulmonary lesions, and 18F-FLT PET had a higher specificity compared to 18F-FDG PET, but was less sensitive than 18F-FDG PET. Therefore, 18F-FLT and 18F-FDG together could add diagnostic confidence for pulmonary lesions.

The real-time attitude angles detection technology of conventional ammunition requires access to the intensity of geomagnetic field with high speed. Thus, bilinear interpolation was proposed and studied to calculate the intensity of geomagnetic field. This interpolation was premised on reducing the factors that may affect geomagnetic field. It only used longitude and latitude as parameters. In each strongest change area, three orthogonal components of geomagnetic field were computed with bilinear interpolation, errors of which were calculated and analyzed by magnetic isoline maps and statistic methods. Then the application of bilinear interpolation to attitude angles detection technology was specified. The results show that the bilinear interpolation, which has high accuracy and rapid calculation speed, could sufficiently meet the requirement of speediness and accuracy.