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In order to improve the data-embedding capacity of modification-free steganography algorithm, scholars have done a lot of research work to meet practical demands. By researching the user's behavioral habits of several social platforms, a semi-structured modification-free steganography algorithm is introduced in the paper. By constructing the mapping relationship between small icons and binary numbers, the idea of image stitching is utilized, and small icons are stitched together according to the behavioral habits of people's social platforms to implement the graphical representation of secret messages. The convolutional neural network (CNN) has been used to train the small icon recognition and classification data set in the algorithm. In order to improve the robustness of the algorithm, the icons processed by various attack methods are introduced as interference samples in the training set. The experimental results show that the algorithm has good anti-attack ability, and the hiding capacity can be improved, which can be used in the covert communication.

In this paper, we report an AlN-based ceramic lead frame (LF) with encapsulating silicone between the surface of an AlGaN-based ultraviolet-B light-emitting diode (UVB-LED) chip and a quartz glass cover, the light output power (LOP) of this structure was 13.8% greater than that of the corresponding packaging structure without encapsulating silicone. Another packaging structure in which the silicone fully filled the cavity of the AlN-based ceramic LF included covering with quartz glass, in this case, the enhancement of the LOP was 11.7%. Reliability tests performed over a period of 3500 h at a forward current (If) of 100 mA revealed that the LOPs of these two silicone-containing packaging types decreased to 45.3 and 48.6%, respectively, of their initial values. The different degradation rates of these UVB-LEDs were not, however, correlated with the appearance of cracks in the encapsulating silicone during long-term operation. Excluding any possible mechanisms responsible for degradation within the UVB-LED chips, we suggest that the hermetic cover should be removed to avoid the appearance of cracks. Moreover, the main mechanism responsible for the slow degradation rates of LOPs in these proposed packaging structures involves the encapsulated silicone, after cracks have appeared, undergoing further deterioration by the UVB irradiation.

Jian-Hong An,1 Chun-Yan Li,1 Chun-Ya Chen,1 Jian-Bin Wu,2 Hong Shen1,3 1School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong Shen Tel +86 20-61648227Fax +86 20-61648312Email shenhong2010168@163.comPurpose: Cisplatin is one of the most widely used antineoplastic drugs but has limited therapeutic effects due to nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine the possible renoprotective effect of the antioxidant raloxifene on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice.Materials and Methods: Cisplatin-induced acute renal injury was established in female C57 mice that were treated with saline (normal control) or raloxifene over a 7-day period. The body weight of the mice was recorded. Histopathological examinations of the kidney tissues were performed using H&E, PAS staining and TEM. The histomorphology of liver and other organs was observed by H&E staining. The serum levels of creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), alanine transaminase (ALT) and glutamic oxalacetic transaminase (AST) were analyzed by specific kits. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) activity, and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the kidney, liver homogenates and HK-2 cells were measured by WST-8 and thiobarbituric acid colorimetric methods. Moreover, the mitochondrial structures of HK-2 cells were performed using TEM. The viability and proliferation of HK-2 cells were examined by CCK-8 and EdU incorporation assays. The mitochondrial membrane potential was measured by JC-1 fluorescence.Results: Raloxifene significantly reduced the levels of serum creatinine, urea, ALT and AST in the cisplatin-treated mice, and alleviated cisplatin-induced renal and hepatic tissue injury. Furthermore, raloxifene also increased the activity of GSH and SOD in the renal tissues and HK-2 cells, and reduced MDA levels, thereby limiting oxidative stress in the kidney.Conclusion: Raloxifene protected against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity by activating the antioxidant system, along with alleviating liver damage. It should be considered as a potential adjuvant in cisplatin-based chemotherapeutic protocols.Keywords: raloxifene, cisplatin, nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, oxidative stress

The key pathology of multiple sclerosis (MS) comprises demyelination, axonal damage, and neuronal loss, and when MS develops into the progressive phase it is essentially untreatable. Identifying new targets in both axons and oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) and rejuvenating the aged OPCs holds promise for this unmet medical need. We summarize here the recent evidence showing that mitochondria in both axons and OPCs are impaired, and lipid metabolism of OPCs within demyelinated lesion and in the aged CNS is disturbed. Given that emerging evidence shows that rewiring cellular metabolism regulates stem cell aging, to protect axons from degeneration and promote differentiation of OPCs, we propose that restoring the impaired metabolism of both OPCs and axons in the aged CNS in a synergistic way could be a promising strategy to enhance remyelination in the aged CNS, leading to novel drug-based approaches to treat the progressive phase of MS.

Chun-Yan Li,1 Chun-Ya Chen,1 Jian-Hong An,1 Jian-Bin Wu,2 Hong Shen1,3 1South China University of Technology School of Medicine, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510407, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510515, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Hong Shen Tel +86 20-61648227Email shenhong2010168@163.comAim: Basal epithelial cells are absent in distant prostate cancer. This study aimed to investigate whether basal epithelial cells could suppress migration and invasion of prostate cancer cells to become a new treatment strategy for prostate cancer.Main Methods: Basal epithelial cells were identified by immunofluorescence with anti-p63. Wound healing assays or transwell assays were used to explore the effects of basal epithelial cells, TGF-β 1, SB431542 (inhibitor of TGF-β type I receptor) or stattic (inhibitor of phosphorylated STAT3) on migration or invasion of mouse prostate cancer cell (RM-1). Concentration of TGF-β 1 was measured by ELISA assay. HE staining was used to investigate cell morphology. Immunocytochemistry with anti-p63 was used to identify basal epithelial cells. Levels of STAT3, p-STAT3 (Ser727) and proteins associated with EMT were measured with Western blot assay. Cell proliferation was measured with MTT or CCK8 assay.Results: Normal basal epithelial cells acquired from mouse prostate were specific to anti-p63 and more than 90%. Basal epithelial cells and RM-1 could both secrete TGF-β 1. Basal epithelial cells and TGF-β 1 promoted the migration and invasion of RM-1 through changing the cell morphology and up-regulating expression of ZEB1, N-cadherin, vimentin, snail and p-STAT3 (Ser727), at the same time down-regulating E-cadherin of RM-1. SB431542 strongly suppressed migration, invasion as well as the expressions of EMT relevant proteins and p-STAT3 (Ser727) of co-cultured RM-1. In addition, stattic suppressed proliferation, migration and invasion of non-treated RM-1 and co-cultured RM-1.Conclusion: Our study suggests that normal basal epithelial cells might stimulate the migration and invasion of RM-1 by TGF-β 1/STAT3 axis which could be suppressed by inhibitor of TGF-β receptor and inhibitor of p-STAT3. So, basal epithelial cells might not become a treatment strategy for prostate cancer, but our results could provide some researching references for other diseases which include basal epithelial cells such as prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, prostatic hyperplasia, cervical cancer, or urinary bladder cancer.Keywords: normal basal epithelial cells, RM-1, migration, invasion, TGF-β 1, STAT3

In order to solve the problems of transformer fire accidents such as the traditional fire control system has simple function, single fire characteristic parameters and is prone to false alarm, underreporting and so on, a synthetic diagnosis method using multi-neural network and evidence theory for transformer accidents is presented. The monitoring and early warning of transformer fire is realized by collecting temperature, video (flame and smoke), CO, combustion sound and other information in real time, and then combining with network technology. The results of example analysis show that the accuracy of this method for transformer fire identification is 73%.

Objective: Anaplastic thyroid cancer/ATC is a highly aggressive malignancy with extremely poor prognosis. Resveratrol/Res promotes re-differentiation of cancer cells and exerts inhibitory effects on ATC cells. Sodium/iodide symporter/NIS and phosphate and tension homology deleted on chromsome ten/PTEN levels are positively correlated with the grade of thyroid cancer differentiation, while the impact of Res on them remain unknown. Materials and Methods: The patterns of NIS and PTEN expression and intracellular distribution in THJ-16T and THJ-21T ATC and Nthy-ori 3-1 normal thyroid cells and their relevance with Res-caused ATC suppression were investigated via multiple experimental methods. E-cadherin was cited as a re-differentiation biomarker of ATC cells. Results: MTT and EdU cell proliferation assays showed distinct growth suppression in ATC cells after Res treatment. TUNEL staining revealed extensive apoptosis of Res-treated THJ-16T and THJ-21T rather than Nthy-ori 3-1 cells. Western blotting, immunocytochemical/ICC and double-labeled immunofluorescent/IF staining showed increased PTEN levels accompanied with distinct NIS and PTEN nuclear co-translocation in Res-treated THJ-16T and THJ-21T cells. E-cadherin but not NIS appeared on the outer membrane. Conclusion: PTEN upregulation and the concurrent NIS and PTEN nuclear translocation in Res-suppressed ATC cells may indicate the better therapeutic outcome and would be a group of beneficial prognostic factors of ATCs.

We aimed to investigate the efficacy of an objective method using AI-based retinal characteristic analysis to automatically differentiate between two traditional Chinese syndromes that are associated with ischemic stroke. Inpatient clinical and retinal data were retrospectively retrieved from the archive of our hospital. Patients diagnosed with cerebral infarction in the department of acupuncture and moxibustion between 2014 and 2018 were examined. Of these, the patients with Qi deficiency blood stasis syndrome (QDBS) and phlegm stasis in channels (PSIC) syndrome were selected. Those without retinal photos were excluded. To measure and analyze the patients’ retinal vessel characteristics, we applied a patented AI-assisted automated retinal image analysis system developed by the Chinese University of Hong Kong. The demographic, clinical, and retinal information was compared between the QDBS and PSIC patients. The t-test and chi-squared test were used to analyze continuous data and categorical data, respectively. All the selected clinical information and retinal vessel measures were used to develop different discriminative models for QDBS and PSIC using logistic regression. Discriminative efficacy and model performances were evaluated by plotting a receiver operating characteristic curve. As compared to QDBS, the PSIC patients had a lower incidence of insomnia problems (46% versus 29% respectively, p=0.023) and a higher tortuosity index (0.45 ± 0.07 versus 0.47 ± 0.07, p=0.027). Moreover, the area under the curve of the logistic model showed that its discriminative efficacy based on both retinal and clinical characteristics was 86.7%, which was better than the model that employed retinal or clinical characteristics individually. Thus, the discriminative model using AI-assisted retinal characteristic analysis showed statistically significantly better performance in QDBS and PSIC syndrome differentiation among stroke patients. Therefore, we concluded that retinal characteristics added value to the clinical differentiation between QDBS and PSIC.

The subduction polarity and related arc–magmatic evolutional history of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean, which separated the South Qiangtang terrane to the north from the North Lhasa terrane to the south during the Mesozoic, remain debated. This study tries to reconstruct the subduction and evolution of the Bangong–Nujiang Ocean on the basis of U–Pb and Hf isotopic analyses of detrital zircons in samples from sedimentary rocks of the middle-western section of the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone in Gerze County, central Tibet. The Middle Jurassic Muggargangri Group in the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone was deposited in a deep-sea basin setting on an active continental margin. The Late Jurassic strata, such as the Sewa Formation, are widely distributed in the South Qiangtang terrane and represent deposition on a shelf. The Early Cretaceous Shamuluo Formation in the Bangong–Nujiang suture zone unconformably overlies the Muggargangri Group and was probably deposited in a residual marine basin setting. The detrital...

Cenozoic active structures in the Tibetan Plateau are mainly regional N–S trending extensional faults and grabens, and E–W trending extensional tracks that are related to the transition from syn- to post-collision between India and Asia. E–W trending tracks are parallel to the direction of Neo-Tethyan oceanic convergence and consist of extensional volcanic–sedimentary basins and magmatic dykes in the southern Lhasa Terrane, Tibet. N–S trending tracks comprise faults and grabens, which are widely developed in Tibet. It remains unknown how and when the geodynamic transition from E–W to N–S trending tectonic tracks occurred. This study describes both E–W and N–S trending tectonic tracks identified at Dazi area of southern Lhasa Terrane, where E–W trending mafic dykes intruded a granitoid and late-stage N–S trending felsic dykes cut across E–W trending mafic dykes. Zircons from four granitoid samples yield consistent crystallization ages of ca. 60 Ma and positive e Hf (t) values (~+ 9). An altered dioritic vein, which cuts the mafic dykes, yields an age of ca. 53 Ma. These new dating results indicate that E–W trending dykes, which formed due to regional N–S extension, were emplaced between 60 and 53 Ma. In addition, two N–S trending monzonitic porphyritic dykes, which cut the mafic dykes, yield U–Pb zircon ages of ca. 17 Ma with moderate positive e Hf (t) values (+ 3 to + 9.6), as well as a NNE–SSW trending quartz monzonitic dyke, which cuts all other types of dykes, yields U–Pb ages of ca. 13 Ma. This suggests that E–W extension took place between 17 and 13 Ma. These results, in combination with existing age data for Gangdese granitoids and mafic magmatism, indicate the occurrence of two major extensional events at 60–53 Ma and 17–13 Ma. In turn, this implies that the transition from E–W to N–S trending tectonic and the onset of E–W extension occurred at ca. 17 Ma or slightly earlier. Paleocene granitoids have geochemical characteristics that are indicative of both subduction and collision. Miocene felsic dykes show adakitic affinities, which hints the transition from syn-collision to post-collision setting. Break-off of the Neo-Tethyan slab is assumed to have been responsible for the formation of E–W trending dykes and volcanic–sedimentary basins. The N–S trending felsic dykes probably formed in response to the tearing or delamination of lithosphere subducted beneath southern Tibet.

This study presents new major and trace element, plus Sr–Nd and zircon U–Pb isotope data for the Zhongcang granitic plutons, which are located to the south of the Yongzhu–Asuo ophiolite belt within the northwestern part of the central Lhasa subterrane, Tibetan Plateau. These data provide new insights into the Late Cretaceous tectonic evolution of southern Tibet. The Zhongcang plutons are dominated by granodiorites and granites that yield zircon U–Pb emplacement ages of 94–88 Ma. They can be further divided into metaluminous and peraluminous subtypes. The metaluminous rocks have adakite-like geochemical signatures, including high SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , and Sr concentrations, and low Yb and Y concentrations, and high Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N ratios. These rocks also have negative eNd (t) values (− 3.17 to − 0.17), variable initial 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (i) ratios (0.705927–0.707668), and high K 2 O and Th concentrations, suggesting that they were not derived from the partial melting of subducted oceanic crust in an arc setting. The Zhongcang adakitic rocks have higher MgO and Cr concentrations and Mg# values than do contemporaneous intrusive rocks derived from a region of thickened lower crust within the central Lhasa subterrane. These data suggest that the Zhongcang adakitic rocks were generated by the partial melting of a delaminated thickened lower crust within a Late Cretaceous continental setting. In comparison with the Zhongcang adakitic rocks, the peraluminous rocks have significant negative Eu and Sr anomalies and lower eNd (t) values (− 4.06 to − 6.64). This, combined with their high Mg# values, and Cr concentrations, suggests that the peraluminous units formed from primitive magmas similar to those that formed the Zhongcang adakitic rocks, but modified by contamination with ancient crustal material and by fractional crystallization of plagioclase and apatite during uprising and/or emplacement. The Zhongcang high-Mg# granitoids provide robust evidence for Late Cretaceous crustal thickening prior to India–Asia collision.

A severe particulate matter pollution event occurred in Shanghai from 1 to 9 December 2013. The mean hourly mass concentrations of PM 2.5 and PM 10 were 211.9 and 249.0 μg/m 3 , respectively. Reanalysis data, in situ, and remote-sensing measurements were used to examine the impacts of meteorological conditions on this event. It was found that the synoptic pattern of weak pressure, the reduced planetary boundary layer height, and the passage of two cold fronts were key factors causing the event. Four stages were identified during this event based on the evolution of its PM 2.5 levels and weather conditions. The highest concentration of PM 2.5 (602 μg/m 3 ) was observed in stage 3. High PM 2.5 concentrations were closely associated with a low local ventilation index, with an average of 505 m 2 /s, as well as with the influx of pollutants from upstream, transported by the cold fronts.

This study focuses on the importance of initial conditions to air-quality predictions. We ran assimilation experiments using the WRF-Chem model and grid-point statistical interpolation (GSI), for a 9-day severe particulate matter pollution event that occurred in Shanghai in December 2013. In this application, GSI used a three-dimensional variational approach to assimilate ground-based PM2.5 observations into the chemical model, to obtain initial fields for the aerosol species. In our results, data assimilation significantly reduced the errors when compared to a simulation without assimilation, and improved forecasts of PM2.5 concentrations. Despite a drop in skill directly after the assimilation, a positive effect was present in forecasts for at least 12–24 h, and there was a slight improvement in the 48-h forecasts. In addition to performing well in Shanghai, the verification statistics for this assimilation experiment are encouraging for most of the surface stations in China.

To investigate the skill and evaluate the accuracy for application of guide combined with probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory for subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement.Subaxial cervical pedicle screw was inserted in 11 patients by the guide combined with probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory from January 2014 to October 2016, including 7 males and 4 females with an average age of 48.1 years(ranged 32 to 63 years). There were 4 cases with cervical spondylotic myelopathy, 4 with fracture and dislocation of cervical vertebrae, 1 with cervical cord injury without fracture and dislocation, and 2 with atlantoaxialfracture and dislocation. The target pedicle's diameter, optimal entry point, sagittal angle and cross-sectional angle were measured by CT before operation. During operation, the pedicle screw inserted angle was controlled by a guide with a self-designed protractor and probed the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory as medial safety margin of insertion screw. The accuracy of cervical pedicle screw was evaluated by CT with classification of four grades and assessed whether there was injury of spine cord or vertebral artery postoperatively.Seventy-one cervical pedicle screws were placed among 11 patients, and no one had been found with clinical manifestations of injury of spine cord (or nerve root) or vertebral artery after operation. According to postoperative CT scan for evaluating the grade of screw position, 52 screws were in grade 0, 13 in grade 1, 4 in grade 2, 2 in grade 3, and 91% (65/71) located in good position. In total, 6 screws were incorreted in placement, and 4 cases of them broke medial wall and 2 cases broke lateral wall.The method of probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory for subaxial cervical pedicle screw placement is safe and reliable, but the studying curve is long. Probing the internal wall of pedicle screw trajectory and controlling the insertion angle by guide with a protractor are key points of this technology.

It is generally believed that the Tibetan Plateau is the result of crustal thickening in response to the collision of the Asian and Indian plates. However, the specific timing and uplift mechanism remain controversial. The widespread occurrence of Cenozoic lavas in the northern Qiangtang terrane provides a unique opportunity to constrain the dynamic processes that resulted in uplift of the northern Tibetan Plateau. Eocene lavas from the northern Qiangtang terrane display adakitic geochemical characteristics, such as high SiO 2 and Al 2 O 3 contents, low Y and Yb contents, positive Sr anomalies, and high Sr/Y and La/Yb ratios, in combination with high Mg# (43–69) and negative anomalies for Nb and Ta, which suggest a garnet + rutile-in and plagioclase-free source residue. The same samples also have high K 2 O and Th contents, high Th/Ce ratios, and low Nb/U, Ce/Pb, Ti/Eu, and Nd/Sm ratios, as well as high 87 Sr/ 86 Sr (i) (0.7062–0.7075) and low e Nd(t) (−6.3 to −2.9), which show a clear continental crust affinity. These high-Mg# adakitic rocks, combined with other characteristics of Tibetan Cenozoic lavas, indicate that they were derived from partial melting of delaminated lower continental crust, which subsequently reacted with surrounding mantle peridotites during ascent to crustal depths. The Eocene high-Mg# adakitic rocks (46–38 Ma), north-south–trending shoshonitic dikes (47–38 Ma), and contemporaneous mantle-derived Mg-rich potassic and shoshonitic lavas indicate that the thickness of the crust was at least 50 km before ca. 46 Ma, at which time rapid uplift and extension occurred, most likely caused by small-scale delamination of the lithospheric mantle at 46–38 Ma (Eocene) in central Tibet.

The effects of Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) on the angiogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma have not yet been observed and its molecular mechanisms is not clear. We first constructed the recombinant lentivirus vectors expressing small hairpin RNA against BMP-2 gene (LV-SH-BMP2) and the recombinant lentivirus vectors over-expressing BMP-2 (overexpression-LV-BMP2), and then the two recombinant lentivirus vectors were respectively transfected into Hep G2 cells. The Hep G2 cells transfected with LV-SH-BMP2 or overexpression-LV-BMP2 were respectively co-cultured with human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to observe the effects of BMP-2 on HUVECs. The effect of BMP-2 on tumor microvessel density (MVD) was examined. The abilities of proliferation, migration and angiogenesis were significantly inhibited in the HUVECs co-cultured with BMP-2 knockdown Hep G2 (all P P P

To systematically review the effectiveness of bone substitute augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone in treating proximal femoral fractures in the elderly.Subject term and keywords were searched from Pubmed, Cochrane databases and CNKI from database foundation to August 2015. Randomized controlled studies and qusi-randomized controlled studies on bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation versus internal fixation alone for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly were chosen. Postoperative re-displacement, re-operation rate, complications (infection and bone ununion), functional outcome, quality of life scores and muscle strength were seen as outcome indicators. Enumeration data were statistical analyzed by risk difference and 95% confidence interval. Measurement data were analyzed by standardized mean difference and 95% confidence interval. If the same measurement data were evaluated by different standards in different studies, standardized mean differences and 95% confidence interval were used. The methods of statistical analysis were used by Cochrane databases.Eleven RCTs (677 patients) were included. Meta-analysis results indicated that bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation occurred fewer re-displacement [SMD = -0.75, 95% CI (-1.03, -0.47)] and obtained better function [SMD = 0.40, 95% CI (0.20, 0.59)]. While there were no significant differences in reoperation rate [RD = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.05, -0.09)], pain at 1 week after operation [MD = -1.79, 95% CI (-13.55, -9.96)], pain ranged from 6 to 8 weeks [MD = -7.24, 95% CI (-20.07, -5.59)], postoperative pain at 12 weeks [MD = -0.32, 95% CI (-4.9, -3.55)], muscle strength [MD = 1.25, 95% CI (-6.98, -9.48)], bone ununion [RD = 0.02, 95% CI (-0.01, -0.05)] and postoperative complications [MD = 0.01, 95% CI (-0.03, -0.04)].Compared with single internal fixation, bone substitutes augmentation combined with internal fixation for the treatment of proximal femoral fractures in the elderly less occur re-displacement and could obtain better functional recovery.

To analyze the characteristics and formation mechanism of a heavy air pollution episode in Shanghai City from January 23th to January 24th, 2013, the observed data of PM₂.₅ concentration and ground meteorological data and the WRF-Chem model were collected. The analysis revealed that the synoptic necessary mechanism of the heavy air pollution episode could be characterized by the following patterns: Accompanied with weak cold front activities, the city experienced weak winds (i. e. stable atmosphere) at first and then northerly winds (i. e. pollutant transport process ), causing the continuous increase and maintaining of pollutant concentration. The detailed results are shown as follows: Firstly, the stable atmosphere circulation pattern which lasted for 10 hours was not good for air pollution dispersion, as a result, local PM₂.₅ concentrations continued to increase and reached severe pollution level and the high concentrations maintained for 7 hours caused by the stable boundary layer (e. g. static surface winds and low level temperature inversion) during nighttime, and the average PM₂.₅ concentrations during the stable weather process was 172.4 μg · m⁻³. Secondly, the dispersion condition was slightly improved later on with the arrival of a weak cold front, the upstream pollution transportation occurred at the same time, leading to further increase of PM₂.₅ concentration (up to 280 μg · m⁻³), and the average PM₂.₅ concentration during the upstream transportation process was 213.6 μg · m⁻³. Numerical simulation with the WRF-Chem model showed that, average contribution of upstream transportation to local PM₂.₅ concentrations during the episode was 23% . Among them, the contribution during the stable weather and upstream transportation stage was 17.2% and 32.2% . Our results suggested that there were significant differences in the contribution of upstream transportation to the local PM₂.₅ concentration of Shanghai due to variation of weather conditions. Therefore, the government can design effective emission control strategy in advance taking pollution weather forecasting into account.

To study on the reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) the rotational alignment reference bony landmarks of the proximal tibial component on magnetic resonance image (MRI) were measured.From January 2010 to December 2013, 80 normal knees of Chinese volunteers including 35 males and 45 females with an average age of (35.4±6.1) years were reviewed. The images of the knees were obtained by MRI. The surgical epicondylar axis (STEA) was identified in the femoral transverse sections and then was projected to the side of tibia, forming the SETA'. A line connecting the medial border of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion (Akagi line) and its vertical line (AK), as well as a line connecting the medial 1/3 of the patellar tendon and the middle of the posterior cruciate ligament insertion and its vertical line (AP), were identified in the tibial transverse sections. The angles were measured between the AK, AP and STEA'.The angle between AK and STEA' was (0.59±2.07)°, and there was no significant difference between the two lines (t=-2.54, P=0.13). The mean angle between AP and STEA' was (3.21±2.04)°, and there was a significant difference between the two lines (t=14.05, P0.05). There was a significant difference between the AK and AP (t=-11.68, P0.05).The reliability of the Akagi line as a reference axis to guide for rotational alignment of the proximal tibial component in TKA is good.

The coal fire is one of very serious disasters in natural, not only amount of coal resources was burned and some ecological environment problems such as ground subsidence, acid rain, pollution and vegetation died were caused serious. The No.4 coal seam outcrops fire in Haibaoqing was take as research object, based on the existing theory of mechanism and characteristics of coal outcrop fires, a new fire-fighting composite gel is applicated which fits in with extinguishment of outcrop coal fires well. The technology has many advantages in extinguishing coal fires including isolating the coal from oxygen and lowering the temperature of the high-temperature coal and rock. The structure and chemical composition as well as fires-fighting properties of the composite gel is analyzed profoundly, as a result, reduce and stop the environment destruction caused by the coal fire.

Unicast routing service is becoming a important requirement of computer networks supporting multimedia applications. And unicast routing problem has been demonstrated technically as a NP-complete. This paper proposes a novel QoS-based unicast routing algorithm using the Chaotic Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm (CPSO).The algorithm enhance the global searching ability when some particles have trapped in local minimums by chaotic series .The novel algorithm makes use of the ergodicity of chaotic search to improve the capability of precise search and keep the balance between the global search and the local search. The result of QoS shows that the CPSO algorithm has the advantage over the conventional algorithms in efficiency.

There has been explosive demand for supporting multi-class traffic, especially bandwidth-intensive multimedia traffic in wireless networks. The ability to manage bandwidth to cope with wireless network resource fluctuations is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we propose an efficient Call Admission Control (CAC) scheme that relies on adaptive and dynamic resource reservation strategy for multi-class service wireless networks. Extensive simulation experiments have been conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme. Results show that our proposed adaptive scheme is effective in guaranteeing QoS requirements by keeping the call blocking and handoff dropping probabilities substantially low.

To investigate clinical effects of strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications of patients with acute cervical spinal cord injury (ACSCI).From September 2009 to May 2013,the clinical data of 91 patients with ACSCI underwent surgery were retrospectively analyzed. Among the patients, 42 patients were divided into in-stages group, including 30 males and 12 females with an average age of 50 years old (ranged 28 to 76) which were treated with strategy by stages for preventing respiratory complications; others 49 patients which were not treated with the strategy regarded as control group, including 38 males and 11 females with an average age of 47 years old (ranged 30 to 77). All of them had definite history of trauma, and were admitted to orthopaedics within 48 h after trauma. In in-stages group, respiratory muscle strength training, high-dose ambroxol using and other treatment were performed to prevent respiratory complilcations according to preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative stage. While in control group, there were no systematic and effective measures utilized. Chi-square test was used to evaluate the difference for respiratory complications rate, the rate of tracheostomy or intubation and mortality caused by the respiratory complications between two groups.Ten patients developed with respiratory complications in in-stages group (7 patients with pneumonia, 1 with atelectasis and 2 with respiratory failure), among which 3 patients underwent tracheostomy or intubation. In control group, 24 patients developed with respiratory complilcations (15 with pneumonia,3 with atelectasis and 6 with respiratory failure), among which 11 patients underwent tracheostomy or intubation. There was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = 6.12, 4.07; P = 0.013, 0.044). Five patients died because of respiratory complications, one case were in in-stages group and 4 in control group. There was significant difference between two groups (χ2 = l.39, P = 0.238).The strategy by stages is an effective method for preventing respiratory complications of ACSCI and can reduce the respiratory complications rate and improve the prognosis of respiratory complications.

The anatomical basis for the concept of acupuncture points/meridians in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been resolved. This paper reviews the fascia research progress and the relationship among acupuncture points/meridians, primo vascular system (PVS), and fascia. Fascia is as a covering, with common origins of layers of the fascial system despite diverse names for individual parts. Fascia assists gliding and fluid flow and holds memory and is highly innervated. Fascia is intimately involved with nourishment of all cells of the body, including those of disease and cancer. The human body’s fascia network may be the physical substrate represented by the meridians of TCM. The PVS is a newly found circulatory system; recent increased interest has led to new research and new discoveries in the anatomical and functional aspects of the PVS. The fasciology theory provides new insights into the physiological effects of acupuncture needling on basic cellular mechanisms including connective tissue mechanotransduction and regeneration. This view represents a theoretical basis and means for applying modern biomedical research to examining TCM principles and therapies, and it favors a holistic approach to diagnosis and treatment.

To study the clinical effects of surgical treatment of displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus in elderly patients, and to discuss the operative indications.From January 2000 to December 2007, 24 elderly patients with 26 fractures underwent open reduction and internal fixation for a displaced intra-articular fracture of calcaneus, which included 18 feet of 18 males and 8 feet of 6 female, with an average age of 67 years (range, 60 to 75 years). According to Sanders classification based on CT scanning, 13 fractures were rated as type II, 12 as type III and 1 as type IV. Böhler angle and Gissane angle were measured preoperatively and postoperatively and foot function was assessed with Maryland foot score system.Twenty-four cases with 26 feet were followed up for an average of 18.4 months (range, 12 to 26 months). Mean Böhler angle was (10.4 +/- 8.2) degrees preoperatively and (27.8 +/- 7.4) degrees postoperatively and mean Gissane angle was (136.5 +/- 10.3) degrees preoperatively and (124.3 +/- 4.2) degrees postoperatively. The difference between preoperative and postoperative values was found with statistically significant (P0.05). The results were excellent in 5 feet, good in 16 feet, fair in 4 feet and poor in 1 foot. There were 3 cases of wound necerosis, 2 cases of wound infection, 1 case of sural nerve injury and 6 cases of posttraumatic subtalar arthritis complications.Good clinical result could be obtained with surgical treatment in elderly patients with displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus. Open reduction appears to be an acceptable method of treatment for displaced calcaneal fractures in elderly patients if they have good general conditions.

To explore the advantages of conservative treatment for trauma of children,and evaluate effect of external fixation for the treatment of double fractures of forearm.From June 2007 to June 2008, 52 patients with double fractures of forearm were treated with manipulative reduction and modified external fixation by splints. Among them, 33 males and 19 females,the age was from 4 to 15 years with an average of 8.6 years. The course of disease was from 1 hour to 7 days. All patients had a definite history of trauma, and pre-treatment X-ray film showed double fracture of ulna and radius.All patients were followed up from 6 to 14 months with an average of 9.4 months. All fractures healed and the healing time was from 4 to 8 weeks with an average of 6 weeks. The clinical effect was evaluated according to Berton criteria, 37 cases obtained excellent result, 15 good.Strict choose indication of conservative treatment can obtain satisfied effect in treating double fractures of forearm in children. The method has advantages of safe operation, less injury, cheap expense, which can well obtain functional rehabilitation of patients.

To realise commercial application of web service, research on its trust and reputation model should be raised into the agenda. After all, short of trust and reputation evaluation, web service will be trustless, which is not propitious for its development. Considering the feature of web service and existing trust and reputation evaluation methods, a trust evaluation model supporting domain distinction for web service is put up. The model measures trust and reputation of web service from two roles: requestor and provider. And its measuring content includes: service function and its QoS. To take more interest in recommendation of web service from similar domain, it combines domain factors as weighted average to compute recommendation trust. The simulation indicates that it works well on evaluation of trust even on the conditions of fake services and opinions disturbance.

In this paper, the effective Hamiltonian for lattice vibration was calculated through the assumption of competition between cooperative Jahn-Teller effects and electron-electron correlation. The soft modes at the zone-center and their relations with the structural phase transitions in La2-xMxCuO4(M=Ba, Sr) were studied.

In this paper, we studied the statistical behavior of anyons with isospin degrees of freedom, in which the fluctuation of isospin degrees of freedom satisfies the O(3) nonlinear σ model. Under the mean field treatment, this model is in somewhat equivalent to the doped or frustrated Heisenberg antiferromagnetic (AFM) model. We also studied the relation between the statistical field Aμ, and Skyrmion current Bμ. Finally, we set up the relation between flux states and spinon statistics, and the conditions of Bose condensation of holons. In particular, for π-flux state of Aμ, the spinons are bosons, the holons satisfy 2/3 fractional statistics.

In this paper, we studied the influence of electron correlation on the Jahn-Teller induced structural phase transition and a possible application to the structural phase transitions in La2−xMxCuO4 (M=Ba, Sr).

By using thermo field dynamics, we studied the phase transitions of thermal squeezed states. Two critical points are obtained in certain cases. They correspond to the transitions from thermal squeezed state to pure squeezed state and to thermal state respectively.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C14H17NO4, obtained by the reaction of N-benzoxycarbonyl-l-valine, paraformaldehyde and 4-methylbenzenesulfonic acid, molecules are linked by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, generating linear chains parallel to the a axis. C—H...π interactions of stacked benzene rings also provide stability for the crystal structure.

Starting from the quasi-two-dimensional Bose condensation, we study the influence of layer thickness and oxygen-vacancy on the critical temperature Tc in real high Tc superconductors. The results are qualitatively consistent with known experiments.