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Abstract Amine-functionalized adsorbents offer substantial potential for CO2 capture owing to their selectivity and diverse application scenarios. However, their effectiveness is hindered by low efficiency and unstable cyclic performance. Here we introduce an amine-support system designed to achieve efficient and stable CO2 capture. Through atom-level design, each polyethyleneimine (PEI) molecule is precisely impregnated into the cage-like pore of MIL–101(Cr), forming stable composites via strong coordination with unsaturated Cr acid sites within the crystal lattice. The resulting adsorbent demonstrates a low regeneration energy (39.6 kJ/molCO2), excellent cyclic stability (0.18% decay per cycle under dry CO2 regeneration), high CO2 adsorption capacity (4.0 mmol/g), and rapid adsorption kinetics (15 min for saturation at 30 °C). These properties stem from the unique electron-level interaction between the amine and the support, effectively preventing carbamate products’ dehydration. This work presents a feasible and promising cost-effective and sustainable CO2 capture strategy.

Direct air capture (DAC) by solid amine adsorbents is a promising technology to curb the increasing atmospheric CO2 level. Despite extensive efforts, there are still limited improvements for this type of materials in their CO2 uptake and adsorption kinetics under ultra-dilute conditions. And most current research focuses on powdered adsorbents, which need to be granulated or fabricated into devices for DAC application, resulting in a further decline in CO2 uptake. Herein, a series of commercial resin particles (1.0 mm) were used as supports, and it was found that X5 exhibited favorable support characteristics in the preparation of solid amine adsorbents. Notably, X5 possessed a large pore volume of 1.90 cm3/g and featured a hierarchical bimodal porous network comprising mesopores and macropores. The prepared adsorbents (PEI@X5) had considerable polyethyleneimine (PEI) dispersion even at PEI content up to 50 %, and thus demonstrated excellent CO2 adsorption performances with high CO2 uptakes of 118 or 108 mg/g in TGA or fixed bed under simulated ambient air conditions (25 °C, 400 ppm CO2). Additionally, the adsorbents exhibited superb cyclic stability with no decay observed over 10 adsorption-regeneration cycles. The introduction of 25 % relative humidity (RH) of water vapor significantly improved the CO2 uptake of the adsorbent to 130 mg/g, with a lifting efficiency of 20.4 %. However, further increases in RH reduced the CO2 uptake and adsorption rate due to the excessive adsorption water, which leached part of PEI from the pores of 50 %PEI@X5. Considering the commercial production of raw materials, the facile synthesis of 50 %PEI@X5, and its superior CO2 capture efficiency, these findings open up new avenues for DAC technology.

Abstract Background Long-term, potentially lifelong therapy is needed to treat noninfectious uveitis (NIU) in children. Previous research has focused primarily on treatment approaches, but few studies have investigated the effect of children’s chronic illness on other family members. The aim of this study is to explore the experiences of burden and needs in caregivers of children with NIU, and to provide a reference for formulating targeted intervention strategies. Methods A total of 11 caregivers of children with NIU were recruited from a tertiary-level eye hospital in Wenzhou Province, China. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were conducted. Data analysis was conducted using Colaizzi’s seven-step analysis method. Themes were encoded and created with NVivo 14.0 for Mac software. Results Based on the Social Ecosystem Theory, three major themes and ten subthemes emerged from the analysis: (1) Micro system — Caregiver distress and growth coexist (subthemes: Affected physical health, difficulties in the child’s health management, emotional well-being, psychological Adjustment and Growth); (2) Mezzo system — Changes in family lifestyle (subthemes: Family financial challenges, family management dilemmas, weakened family socialization); (3) Macro system — Weak support system (subthemes: Insufficient information support, limited medical support conditions, lack of social understanding and support). Conclusions The social-ecological systems of caregivers for children with NIU present numerous difficulties impacting their caregiving experiences. It is imperative for healthcare providers to address the psychosocial issues faced by caregivers and to develop family-centered intervention strategies and support systems, enabling them to cope effectively and overcome challenges.

Abstract Larynx cancer poses a significant public health challenge in China, with rising incidence and mortality rates over the past decades. Understanding the long-term trends and underlying factors is crucial for effective intervention and policy formulation. Data were utilized from the global burden of disease (GBD) Study 2021 to analyze the incidence, prevalence, mortality, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and years of life lost (YLLs) due to larynx cancer in China from 1990 to 2021. Joinpoint regression analysis identified key changes in trends, while age-period-cohort (APC) analysis and decomposition analysis quantified the contributions of aging, epidemiological changes, and population growth to these trends. Our study found a significant increase in the incidence and prevalence of larynx cancer in China, particularly among males. The age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) and age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) for males were substantially higher than those for females. Decomposition analysis revealed that aging was the primary driver of increasing incidence and mortality rates, while epidemiological changes had a mitigating effect. Joinpoint analysis identified periods of rapid urbanization and economic growth as key turning points for increased incidence. Bayesian APC models projected a continued upward trend in incidence rates up to 2030. The rising burden of larynx cancer in China underscores the need for targeted public health interventions, including smoking cessation programs, environmental pollution control, and early detection strategies. Addressing gender disparities and implementing effective prevention measures are crucial to mitigating the impact of larynx cancer in China.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), characterized by alterations in both the type and quantity of bacteria in the small intestine, leads to impaired intestinal digestion and absorption that can cause a range of clinical symptoms. Recent studies have identified significant changes in the composition of the small intestinal microbiota and metabolomic profiles of patients with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This study systematically reviewed and synthesized the available data to explore the association between SIBO and MASLD. Comprehensive literature searches of the Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, Ovid, and Cochrane databases were conducted. Article quality screening was performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Cross-sectional, cohort, and case–control studies were included. A total of 7,200 articles were initially screened, of which 14 were ultimately included for analysis. Individuals with SIBO in both the MASLD and non-MASLD groups were extracted and a chi-square test was performed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). The I2 index was used to measure heterogeneity. For heterogeneity >50%, a random effects model was used. There was a clear association between SIBO and MASLD (OR = 3.09; 95% CI 2.09–4.59, I2 = 66%, p

IntroductionThrough a network meta-analysis, we compared different treatment measures for patients with diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), assessing their impact on the healing of DFU and ranking them accordingly.MethodsWe searched the PubMed, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Embase, the WanFang and the WeiPu database. The retrieval time was from database establishment to January 2024, and retrieval entailed subject and free words. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with different treatment measures for DFU were included. Data extraction and evaluation were based on the PRISMA guidelines. Meta-analyses using pairwise and network methods were employed to compare and rank the effectiveness of different treatments for DFU.ResultsUltimately, we included 57 RCTs involving a total of 4,826 patients with DFU. When it comes to ulcer healing rates, compared to standard of care(SOC),platelet-rich plasma(PRP), hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT), topical oxygen therapy(TOT), acellular dermal matrix(ADM), and stem cells(SCs) in both direct meta-analysis(DMA) and network meta-analysis(NMA) can effectively increase the complete healing rate. For Scs+PRP, a statistically significant improvement was only observed in the NMA. Moreover, when compared to the negative pressure wound therapy(NPWT) group, the PRP+NPWT group was more effective in promoting the complete healing of ulcers. In terms of promoting the reduction of ulcer area, no statistical differences were observed among various treatment measures. When it comes to ulcer healing time, both PRP and NPWT can effectively shorten the healing time compared to SOC. Furthermore, when compared to the NPWT group, the combined treatment of PRP and ultrasonic debridement(UD) with NPWT is more effective in reducing healing time. In terms of amputation rates and adverse reactions, the PRP group effectively reduced the amputation rate and adverse reactions for patients with DFU. Additionally, compared to the NPWT group, the combined treatment of PRP and UD with NPWT reduced the incidence of adverse reactions. However, no significant differences were observed among other treatment measures in terms of amputation rates and adverse reactions. The ranking results showed that the efficacy of PRP+NPWT and UD+NPWT in promoting ulcer healing, reducing ulcer area, shortening healing time, decreasing amputation rates and adverse reactions is superior to that of the alone PRP group, NPWT group, and UD group. Conversely, the SOC group demonstrates the least effective performance in all aspects.ConclusionDue to the particularity of the wound of DFU, the standard of care is not effective, but the new treatment scheme has a remarkable effect in many aspects. And the treatment of DFU is not a single choice, combined with a variety of methods often achieve better efficacy, and will not bring more adverse reactions.

Abstract We aimed to describe how breastfeeding relates to adherence to complementary feeding (CF) recommendations, diet diversification and feeding skills development and whether sociodemographic factors explain any differences observed. The Scottish Maternal Infant and Nutrition Survey for infants aged 8–12 months collected breastfeeding history, CF practices, diet and sociodemographic data using a self‐completion questionnaire. Non‐healthful CF practices were starting CF

Recent progress in targeted metabolic therapy of cancer has been limited by the considerable toxicity associated with such drugs. To address this challenge, we developed a smart theranostic prodrug system that combines a fluorophore and an anticancer drug, specifically 6-diazo-5-oxo-l-norleucine (DON), using a thioketal linkage (TK). This system enables imaging, chemotherapy, photodynamic therapy, and on-demand drug release upon radiation exposure. The optimized prodrug, DON-TK-BM3, incorporating cyanine dyes as the fluorophore, displayed potent reactive oxygen species release and efficient tumor cell killing. Unlike the parent drug DON, DON-TK-BM3 exhibited no toxicity toward normal cells. Moreover, DON-TK-BM3 demonstrated high tumor accumulation and reduced side effects, including gastrointestinal toxicity, in mice. This study provides a practical strategy for designing prodrugs of metabolic inhibitors with significant toxicity stemming from their lack of tissue selectivity.

Abstract Background Patients with diabetic feet are prone to be infected due to the impaired immune system. However, the prognostic outcome of different microbial infections remains controversial. Identification and rapid screening of the pathogenic microorganisms that pose the greatest threat to the prognosis of patients with diabetic foot infections (DFIs) is critical. Methods Clinical data were statistically analyzed, which were obtained from 522 patients with DFIs, including pathogenic bacterial culture results and treatment outcomes at the last return visit. In addition, a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) detection method was developed to identify the prevalent subtype of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in DFIs patients. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Nanfang Hospital (NFEC-202012-K6) and registered on ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04916457) on June 1, 2021. Results We found that the proportion of patients with infections of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and MRSA was 27.7% (145/522) and 33.7% (49/145), respectively. Additionally, the incidence of osteomyelitis was 46.9% (23/49) and amputation/disability was 40.8% (20/49) in patients with MRSA infection, which were significantly higher compared to patients with other types of bacterial infections such as methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA). Notably, we demonstrated that the main prevalent subtype of MRSA in DFIs patients in our hospital was Staphylococcal chromosomal cassettes mec (SCCmec) type II. In addition, it only takes 1.5 h to complete the entire experimental procedure in this LAMP assay, providing high sensitivity (100%) and specificity (77.8%) in hospitalized patients with DFIs. Conclusions We demonstrated there is a very high rate of MRSA isolation in patients with DFIs and revealed that patients infected with MRSA are at a higher risk of developing osteomyelitis, and amputation or disability. Importantly, we have developed a method for quickly screening newly admitted patients for MRSA.

Impossible differential cryptanalysis is very important in the field of symmetric ciphers. Currently, there are many automatic search approaches to find impossible differentials. However, these methods have two underlying assumptions: Markov cipher assumption and key independence assumption. Actually, these two assumptions are not true in ARX ciphers, especially lightweight ones. In this paper, we study the impossible differentials in ARX cipher under weak keys for the first time. Firstly, we propose several accurate difference propagation properties on consecutive two and three modular additions. Then, these properties are applied to four typical local constructions composed of two consecutive modular additions, two modular additions with a rotation operation, xoring secret key or constant in the middle, to find impossible differentials under weak keys or special constants. What’s more, we propose a more accurate difference propagation property on three consecutive modular additions. It can be used to find impossible differentials on more complex local constructions under weak keys or special constants. In practical ciphers, these impossible differentials on local constructions can be used to find contradictions. Lastly, combining our new findings with traditional automatic search methods for impossible differentials, we propose a framework to find impossible differentials in ARX ciphers under weak keys. As applications, we apply the framework to SPECK-32/64, LEA and CHAM-64/128. As a result, we find two 8-round impossible differentials for SPECK-32/64 under 260 weak keys, and one 11-round impossible differential for LEA under 2k−1 weak keys, where k is the key size. These impossible differentials can start from any round. Furthermore, we find two 22-round impossible differentials for CHAM-64/128 under 2127 weak keys starting from certain rounds. As far as we know, all these impossible differentials are longer than previous ones.

The fish louse Argulus japonicus, a branchiuran crustacean of the Argulidae family, is attracting increasing attention because of its parasitic tendencies and significant health threats to global fish farming. The mitogenomes can yield a foundation for studying epidemiology, genetic diversity, and molecular ecology and therefore may be used to assist in the surveillance and control of A. japonicus. In this study, we sequenced and assembled the complete mitogenome of A. japonicus to shed light on its genetic and evolutionary blueprint. Our investigation indicated that the 15,045-bp circular genome of A. japonicus encodes 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs) with significant AT and GC skews. Comparative genomics provided an evolutionary scenario for the genetic diversity of 13 PCGs: all were under purifying selection, with cox1 and nad6 having the lowest and highest evolutionary rates, respectively. Genome-wide phylogenetic trees established a close relationship between species of the families Argulidae (Arguloida) and Armilliferidae (Porocephalida) within Crustacea, and further, A. japonicus and Argulus americanus were determined to be more closely related to each other than to others within the family Argulidae. Single PCG-based phylogenies supported nad1 and nad6 as the best genetic markers for evolutionary and phylogenetic studies for branchiuran crustaceans due to their similar phylogenetic topologies with those of genome-based phylogenetic analyses. To sum up, these comprehensive mitogenomic data of A. japonicus and related species refine valuable marker resources and should contribute to molecular diagnostic methods, epidemiological investigations, and ecological studies of the fish ectoparasites in Crustacea.

Mutations in the C-terminal of KIF1A (Kinesin family member 1A) may lead to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) through unknown mechanisms that are not yet understood. Using iPSC reprogramming technology and motor neuron differentiation techniques, we generated iPSCs from a healthy donor and two ALS patients with KIF1A mutations (R1457Q and P1688L) and differentiated them into spinal motor neurons (iPSC-MN) to investigate KIF1A-related ALS pathology. Our in vitro iPSC-iMN model faithfully recapitulated specific aspects of the disease, such as neurite fragmentation. Through this model, we observed that these mutations led to KIF1A aggregation at the proximal axon of motor neurons and abnormal accumulation of its transport cargo, LAMP1, resulting in autophagy dysfunction and cell death. RNAseq analysis also indicated that the functions of the extracellular matrix, structure, and cell adhesion were significantly disturbed. Notably, using rapamycin during motor neuron differentiation can effectively prevent motor neuron death.

The mariculture industry has grown rapidly worldwide over the past few decades. The industry helps meet growing food demands and may provide an effective means of carbon sequestration; however, it may harm the marine ecological environment, and the extent of its impact depends on the type of mariculture. Here we focus on the impact of mariculture on the nutrient status and eutrophication in Sansha Bay, which is a typical aquaculture harbor in southeastern China that employs a combination of shellfish and seaweed farming. Nutrient concentrations and dual nitrate isotopes were measured in Sansha Bay during the winter of 2021. The average concentrations of nitrate and phosphate were 31.3 ± 10.5 and 2.26 ± 0.84 µM, respectively, indicating that the water was in a eutrophic state. However, the N/P ratios were relatively low (14.3 ± 2.2). Nitrate isotope measurements were 8.8‰–11.9‰ for δ15N-NO3− and 2.2‰–6.0‰ for δ18O-NO3−. Source analysis based on the nitrate isotope measurements indicates that nitrate in Sansha Bay is derived mainly from the excretion of organisms and sewage discharge from mariculture. The isotopic fractionation model of nitrate assimilation by organisms indicates that surface waters in Sansha Bay experience strong biological uptake of nitrate, which is likely related to seaweed farming in winter. The low N/P ratios may be attributed to excessive nitrogen uptake (relative to phosphorus) during shellfish and seaweed farming, as well as nitrogen removal through sediment denitrification, which is fueled by the sinking of particulate organic matter from mariculture. Overall, our study shows that mariculture activities dominated by shellfish and seaweed cultivation in Sansha Bay may exacerbate eutrophication but reduce N/P ratios in the water column in aquaculture areas.

Quantum key distribution with continuous-variable (CVQKD) provides an alternative way for the security improvement of underwater optical communication, but facing into the awkward situation of short distance. For this reason, here we exploit photon addition operation at the emitter into enhancing the performance of underwater CVQKD. Based on numerical simulation, it is shown that applying photon-addition non-Gaussian operation between entangled resource and the sender can further enhance both the secure key rate and the transmission distance, compared to apply photon subtraction operation between entangled resource and the receiver. In addition, the influence of seawater quality factors in underwater CVQKD system is also considered, so as to provide technical support for underwater safety communication.

Object: To explore the factors related to health-promoting lifestyles of the elderly based on social-ecosystem theory. Design: A cross-sectional survey study was carried out to include 627 elderly people in communities in three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou) from October 2021 to January 2022 for questionnaire survey (601 validly returned cases). Venue: Three cities of Hebei Province (Shijiazhuang, Tangshan, and Zhangjiakou). Participants: 627 elderly people. Interventions: A cross-sectional survey study. Main measurements: The questionnaire survey was conducted by using the general demographic data, health promotion life scale, frailty scale, general self-efficacy scale, health engagement scale, General Self-Efficacy Scale, The family Adaptability, Partnership, Growth, Affection, and Resolve scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results: The total health promotion lifestyle score for the elderly was 100.20 ± 16.21, which was at the lower limit of the good level, with the highest mean score for nutrition (2.71 ± 0.51) and the lowest mean score for physical activity (2.25 ± 0.56). Stepwise linear regression showed that exercise frequency (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.304–3.885), smoking status (95% CI −4.190 to −1.556), self-efficacy (95% CI 0.071–0.185), health management (95% CI 0.306–0.590), frailty (95% CI −3.327 to −1.162) in the microsystem, marital status (95% CI 0.677–3.660), children's attention to the elderly health (95% CI 4.866–11.305), family care in the mesosystem (95% CI 1.365–4.968), and pre-retirement occupation (95% CI 2.065–3.894), living area (95% CI 0.813–3.912), whether receive community-based chronic disease prevention and management services (95% CI 2.035–8.149), social support (95% CI 1.667–6.493) in the macrosystem were the main factors affecting health promotion of life in the elderly (P

“Preparedness for teaching” refers to the degree of confidence preservice teachers have, and reflects their ability. Developing preparedness for teaching is an important part of preservice teachers’ professionalization. A substantial body of literature has documented the critical influence of the motivation to teach on preparedness; however, how this relation is impacted by mediating and moderating mechanisms remains unclear. To respond to this gap in knowledge, the present study constructed a mediated moderation model through structural equation modeling and multigroup tests using 383 questionnaires completed by preservice teachers in China. The findings indicate that the preservice teachers’ genders, entry path, and levels of certainty about their future teaching career choices all influence their preparedness for teaching. Specifically, preservice teachers who believe that they will choose a teaching career in the future have more intrinsic motivation, stronger constructivist teaching beliefs, and a higher levels of teaching preparedness. Moreover, preservice teachers’ motivations to teach can positively predict their constructivist teaching beliefs and preparedness for teaching, but their constructivist teaching beliefs alone do not have a mediating effect on the relationship between motivation to teach and preparedness for teaching. However, the findings reveal that the constructivist teaching beliefs of highly conscientiousness group can partially mediate the relationship between the motivation to teach and the preparedness for teaching. Additionally, conscientiousness moderates the influence of constructivist teaching beliefs on preparedness for teaching. The study provides meaningful insights into the within-personal traits of how and when motivation to teach affects preparedness for teaching, which may be useful for the motivation best practices for preservice teacher recruitment, training, and support to create high-quality teachers.

ObjectiveTo study the brain network mechanism of cognitive control in the elderly with brain aging.Materials and methods21 normal young people and 20 elderly people were included in this study. Mini-mental State Examination and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) synchronous judgment test (including forward tests and reverse judgment tests) were performed on all subjects. To observe and compare differences in brain region activation and brain functional connectivity between subjects and forward and reverse trials by recording functional connectivity (FC) in different task paradigms and calculating bilateral prefrontal and primary motor cortical (PMC) areas.ResultsIn the forward and reverse judgment tests, the reaction time of the elderly group was significantly longer than the young group (P < 0.05), and there was no significant difference in the correct rate. In the homologous regions of interest (ROI) data, the FC of PMC and prefrontal cortex (PFC) in the elderly group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05). In the heterologous ROI data, except for left primary motor cortex (LPMC)-left prefrontal cortex (LPFC), the other PMC and PFC of the elderly group were significantly lower than the young group (P < 0.05) while processing the forward judgment test. However, the heterologous ROI data of LPMC-right prefrontal cortex (RPFC), LPMC-LPFC and RPFC-LPFC in the elderly group were significantly lower than the young group (P < 0.05) while processing the reverse judgment test.ConclusionThe results suggest that brain aging affected degeneration of whole brain function, which reduce the speed of information processing and form a brain network functional connection mode different from that of young people.

Single crystalline aluminum nitride (sc-AlN or AlN) boules with a diameter of 3-inch (Φ76 mm) were successfully prepared by the physical vapor transport (PVT) process. The initial homoepitaxial growth run was performed on an aluminum nitride seed sliced from a Φ51 mm aluminum nitride boule, and diameter enlargement was conducted iteratively via the lateral expansion technique until a Φ76 mm boule was achieved. During the diameter expansion growth runs, the crystal shape transitioned from a hexagonal pyramid to a cylindrical pyramid. After the standard slicing and wafering processes, the as-obtained substrates were characterized by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), preferential chemical etching, and optical spectroscopy. The characterization results revealed that the aluminum nitride substrates showed good crystallinity and excellent UV transparency, although a slight quality deterioration was observed when the crystal size was expanded from Φ51 to Φ76 mm, while the deep-UV (DUV) transparency remained very similar to that of the aluminum nitride seeds. The Φ76 mm aluminum nitride boules obtained in this study are an important milestone towards achieving Φ100 mm (4-inch) aluminum nitride, which are essential for the rapid commercialization of deep-UV optoelectronics and ultra-wide bandgap (UWBG) electronics.

Aim To develop and validate a risk assessment model (RAM) of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hospitalized Chinese patients. Methods We reviewed data from 300 patients with VTE and 300 non-VTE patients at Beijing Shijitan Hospital. The risk factors related to VTE were analyzed, and the VTE RAM (Shijitan (SJT) version) was developed according to the weight of each risk factor. A total of 407 patients with VTE and 533 non-VTE patients were enrolled for external validation. The sensitivity, specificity, Youden index, receiver operating curve (ROC), and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the performance of VTE RAM (SJT version) compared with Caprini RAM and Padua RAM. Results The VTE RAM (SJT version) contained six risk factors (age >60 years, lower limb edema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), central venous catheterization (CVC), VTE history, and D dimer). In the external validation group, for medical patients, the AUC value of SJT RAM (0.82 ± 0.03) is significantly higher than Caprini RAM (0.76 ± 0.04; P 0.05). For surgical patients, the AUC value of SJT RAM (0.72 ± 0.04) is significantly higher than the value of Padua RAM (0.66 ± 0.04; P 0.05). Conclusion The SJT RAM derived from general hospitalized Chinese patients will be time-saving for physicians and has a better predictive ability for patients at risk of VTE.

In a previous paper Zhan et al. (2022) proposed the coherent state representation for linear operator, which shows a beautiful theoretical value. Inspired by the work, we further extend it to the nonlinear case, including single- and two-mode squeezing process. Based on squeezing operators’ transformation relation, we introduce their coherent state representations and derive their normal ordering forms by using the technique of integration within product of operator. As applications, we examine some operators’s normal ordering forms and show the entanglement property of prepared quantum states via the Schmidt decomposition. In particular, we further consider two cascaded two-mode squeezing operators, in which a generalized SU(1,1) interferometer is involved. In addition, the application of two-mode squeezing operator followed by photon-subtraction to generate non-Gaussian entangled states in quantum teleportation is discussed. Our results will be useful in preparation of quantum states and quantum metrology.

Background: Some adverse events following immunization (AEFI) were observed in potential corelation with COVID-19 vaccination but without prevention or ongoing trial for it. We aimed to investigate efficacy of auricular acupressure (AuriAc) therapy in preventing AEFI after first dosage of the vaccine. Methods: We performed a multicentre randomized controlled trial with three arms, including AuriAc, SAuriAc (sham auricular acupressure), and TrAsU (treatment as usual) group, carried out in four medical institutions in Chengdu, China, from March 17th to April 23rd, 2021. We enrolled participants based on eligibility criteria and randomized them into three groups: AuriAc (AEFI-specific auricular points applied, n = 52), SAuriAc (n = 51) or TrAsU (n = 44) group. Primary outcomes were percentages of any AEFI and local pain, and secondary outcomes were percentages who reported other AEFI. They were followed at 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days, by phone or online, with severity evaluated. Results: 147 participants (73.47% females) were included with median age as 31 years (25–45, IQR). One day after the injection, participants in AuriAc group reported significant reduction on percentages of any AEFI [intention-to-treat, difference of percentage (DP) = −20.13, 95%CI: − 0.39, − 0.02, p = 0.01; per-protocol, DP = −22.21, 95%CI: − 0.40, − 0.03, P = 0.02] and local pain (per-protocol, DP = −18.40, 95%CI: −0.36, −0.01, P = 0.04), compared with TrAsU group. The effects were slight at other follow-up days and for other outcomes, and with a low percentage of mild local allergic reactions. Conclusions: We firstly explored potential of AuriAc for preventing AEFI related to COVID-19 vaccine injection, which is beneficial for the vaccine recipients, but evidence is limited. Trial registration: chictr.org.cn no. ChiCTR2100043210 (http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=121519)

IntroductionAlzheimer's disease (AD) affects the whole brain from the cellular level to the entire brain network structure. The causal relationship among brain regions concerning the different AD stages is not yet investigated. This study used Dynamic Causal Modeling (DCM) method to assess effective connectivity (EC) and investigate the changes that accompany AD progression.MethodsWe included the resting-state fMRI data of 34 AD patients, 31 late mild cognitive impairment (LMCI) patients, 34 early MCI (EMCI) patients, and 31 cognitive normal (CN) subjects selected from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. The parametric Empirical Bayes (PEB) method was used to infer the effective connectivities and the corresponding probabilities. A linear regression analysis was carried out to test if the connection strengths could predict subjects' cognitive scores.ResultsThe results showed that the connections reduced from full connection in the CN group to no connection in the AD group. Statistical analysis showed the connectivity strengths were lower for later-stage patients. Linear regression analysis showed that the connection strengths were partially predictive of the cognitive scores.DiscussionOur results demonstrated the dwindling connectivity accompanying AD progression on causal relationships among brain regions and indicated the potential of EC as a loyal biomarker in AD progression.

Abstract Background Some pain, fatigue, and gastrointestinal adverse events were observed in potential association with injection of COVID-19 vaccines, while there was no preventive intervention for it. We aim to investigate the efficacy of auricular acupressure (AA) therapy in preventing and relieving AEFI after injection of COVID-19 vaccine. Methods The study design is a randomized, multicentre, three-arm controlled, single-blind trial. Participants meeting the inclusion criteria will be advertised and enrolled and assigned in the medical institutions randomly for post-injection observation. No less than 360 participants will be randomized into one of three groups: auricular acupressure group, sham auricular acupressure group, and wait-list group. Interventions will be performed immediately and will happen 4 to 5 times per day for 5 days. The primary clinical outcomes will be quality and quantity evaluation among participants who reported any AEFI and who reported local pain at injection site. Secondary outcomes will concern headache, muscle and (or) joint pain, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, and other potential events. All the outcomes will be assessed at baseline and 1, 3, 5, 7, and 14 days after the injection. Both intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses will be performed, with significance level determined as 5%. Discussion Results of this trial will help to clarify the value of auricular acupressure therapy in preventing and relieving overall and certain adverse events following immunization after injection of COVID-19 vaccine. Trial registration China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( ChiCTR2100043210 ). Registered on 8 February, 2021.

Modification of eukaryotic RNA by methylation of adenosine residues to generate N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a highly prevalent process. m6A is dynamically regulated during cell metabolism and embryo development, and it is mainly involved in various aspects of RNA metabolism, including RNA splicing, processing, transport from the nucleus, translation, and degradation. Accumulating evidence shows that dynamic changes to m6A are closely related to the occurrence and development of cancer and that methyltransferases, as key elements in the dynamic regulation of m6A, play a crucial role in these processes. Therefore, in this review, we describe the role of methyltransferases as m6A writers in cancer and summarize their potential molecular mechanisms of action.

Macrophages, the main immune cells in the skin, form an innate immune barrier. Under physiological conditions, skin maintains immune barrier function through macrophage phagocytosis and antigen presentation. Parenchymal and stromal cell regeneration plays an important role in skin injury repair and uses macrophage plasticity to influence and stabilize the skin microenvironment. Diabetic skin lesions are the most common diabetes complication and are involved in the early pathophysiology of diabetic foot. Therefore, studying the initial link in diabetic skin lesions is a research hot spot in the early pathogenesis of diabetic foot. Skin inflammation caused by hyperglycaemia, oxidative stress and other injuries is an important feature, but the specific mechanism is unknown. Recent studies have suggested that chronic inflammatory injury is widely involved in a variety of skin diseases, and whether it plays an important role in diabetic skin lesions is unclear. In this review, current research hotspots were combined with the pathogenesis of diabetic skin lesions and analysed from the perspectives of the physiological function of skin macrophages, the impairment of skin macrophages in diabetes, and the mechanism of chronic inflammatory injury in macrophages to provide a theoretical basis for early screening and evaluation of diabetic foot.

Currently, aluminum phosphide tablets have been extensively used as fumigant for grain storage because they could release phosphine that shows highly efficient anti-microorganism. However, phosphine is highly toxic and flammable which usually causes production accidents. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a novel fumigant based on cinnamaldehyde and study its antimicrobial efficacy for grain storage. The novel fumigant tablet was composed of cinnamaldehyde, silica, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate. Results showed that mesoporous silica with ultra-high specific surface area (1036.5 m2/g) served as carrier for cinnamaldehyde. The mixture of citric acid and sodium bicarbonate reacted with moisture to generate carbon dioxide which was helpful to release cinnamaldehyde. As expected, the fumigant tablet displayed a sustained release effect. The in vitro culture experiments showed that cinnamaldehyde had high antimicrobial effect against five fungi including Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus candidus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium and Penicillium. In the accelerated mildew simulation experiment (temperature: 35 °C, humidity: 98%), the blank group without mildew preventive began to go mouldy after five days, the control group with only cinnamaldehyde became mildew one week later, whereas there was no visible mildew growth in the experimental group with the fumigant tablet after one week. The number of fungal colonies in the blank group and the control group after one week was 8.3 × 104 and 6.5 × 103 CFU/g, respectively, while there were no fungi detected in the experimental group. This cinnamaldehyde-based fumigant tablet is a green and safe mildew preventive, which provides an alternative solution to aluminum phosphide tablet for grain storage.

A series of numerical experiments were performed to investigate the influence of the sublimation surface on mass transport during the aluminum nitride (AlN) growth process. The distribution of Al partial pressure is strongly affected by the cover of the sublimation interface. The morphology of the growth interface can be controlled by the cover of the sublimation interface to achieve the growth of a specific crystal shape. Based on the same temperature field, the influence of sublimation interface cover on the growth rate indicates that temperature and temperature gradient are not the main limiting factors of the growth rate and further verifies that Al partial pressure gradient is the rate-limiting step. Under the growth system and specific growth conditions, a smooth growth interface can be obtained by using [0, 2/6] sublimation interface cover, so as to realize the rapid growth of high quality AlN crystals.

This study examined how self-worth of students mediated and moderated their perceived positive teacher-student relationships and student engagement among middle-school students from rural China. Eighth graders (N = 838) completed surveys measuring their perceived relationships with teachers, their self-worth, and engagement. Statistical analyses revealed significant correlations among all three variables, with the strongest being between teacher-student relationships and student engagement. The structural equation modeling indicated that self-worth partially mediated the effect of teacher-student relationships on student engagement; however, positive teacher-student relationships were a stronger predictor. Multigroup analyses identified self-worth as a moderator, whereby students with lower self-worth were more reliant on positive teacher-student relationships to enhance their engagement. This study provides insights into how self-worth of students and their perceived positive teacher-student relationships influence their academic engagement in disadvantaged rural areas of China.

Introduction Atherosclerosis is the main pathological change in diabetic angiopathy, and vascular inflammation plays an important role in early atherosclerosis. Extracellular heat shock protein 90 (eHsp90) is secreted into the serum and is involved in various physiological and pathophysiological processes. However, the specific mechanism of eHsp90 in early atherosclerosis remains unclear. This study explored the relationship between Hsp90 and diabetic lower extremity arterial disease and investigated the expression of eHsp90 in vascular endothelial cells under environmental stimulation and the function and mechanism of eHsp90α involved in diabetic atherosclerosis.Research design and methods One hundred and three selected patients were divided into three groups: the diabetes mellitus group (n=27), the diabetic lower extremity arterial disease group (n=46), and the diabetic critical limb ischemia group (n=30). The relationships among serum Hsp90, oxidative stress indexes, and patient outcomes and the correlations among the indexes were analyzed. H&E staining and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the vasculature of amputated feet from patients with diabetic foot. An oxidative stress endothelial injury model was established under high glucose in vitro to explore the role of eHsp90 release in atherosclerosis progression.Results The level of serum Hsp90 was upregulated with aggravation of diabetic vascular disease. Hsp90α was correlated with malondialdehyde to some extent and was an independent risk factor in the progression of diabetic vascular disease, with predictive ability. The expression area of Hsp90α was consistent with the area of inflammatory infiltration in the vessel lumen. Vascular endothelial cells were found to increase eHsp90α secretion under stress. Then inhibition of eHsp90α can reduce the degree of cellular inflammation and damage. Endothelial cell-conditioned medium and recombinant human Hsp90α increased monocyte migration via the low-denisity lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 (LRP1) receptor to promote disease progression.Conclusions eHsp90α plays a critical role in the early inflammatory injury stage of atherosclerosis.Trial registration number NCT04787770.

A dual-mode lab-on-paper device based on BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites as an efficient generating photoelectrochemical (PEC)/colorimetric signal reporter has been successfully constructed by integration of the lab-on-paper sensing platform and PEC/colorimetric detection technologies for sensitive detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Concretely, the BiVO4/FeOOH nanocomposites were in situ synthesized onto the paper-working electrode (PWE) through hydrothermal synthesis of the BiVO4 layer on cellulose fibers (paper-based BiVO4) which were initially modified by Au nanoparticles for improving the conductivity of three dimensional PWE, and then the photo-electrodeposition of FeOOH onto the paper-based BiVO4 to construct the paper-based BiVO4/FeOOH for the portable dual-mode lab-on-paper device. The obtained nanocomposites with an FeOOH needle-like structure deposited on the BiVO4 layer exhibits enhanced PEC response activity due to its effective separation of the electron–hole pair which could further accelerate the PEC conversion efficiency during the sensing process. With the introduction of CEA targets onto the surface of nanocomposite-modified PWE assisted by the interaction with the CEA antibody from a specific recognition property, a signal-off PEC signal state with a remarkable photocurrent response decreasing trend can be achieved, realizing the quantitative detection of CEA with the PEC signal readout mode. By means of a smart origami paper folding, the colorimetric signal readout is achieved by catalyzing 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to generate blue oxidized TMB in the presence of H2O2 due to the satisfied enzyme-like catalytic activity of the needle-like structure, FeOOH, thereby achieving the dual-mode signal readout system for the proposed lab-on-paper device. Under the optimal conditions, the PEC and colorimetric signals measurement were effectively carried out, and the corresponding linear ranges were 0.001–200 ng·mL−1 and 0.5–100 ng·mL−1 separately, with the limit of detection of 0.0008 and 0.013 ng·mL−1 for each dual-mode. The prepared lab-on-paper device also presented a successful application in serum samples for the detection of CEA, providing a potential pathway for the sensitive detection of target biomarkers in clinical application.

Abstract Objectives To investigate if traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) auricular point acupressure (APA) can alleviate and (or) reduce the pain (including injection site pain, headache, other muscle and joint pain), fatigue, and gastrointestinal adverse reactions (including nausea, vomiting, diarrhea), after the injection of novel coronavirus-19 vaccines (NCVs). Trial design The study is designed as a multicentre, parallel-group, three-arm, single-blind, prospective, randomized (1:1:1 ratio) study. Participants More than 360 participants will be recruited from healthy people who vaccinate NCVs in 5 community healthcare centres in the Sichuan province of China and 1 university hospital (Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine). Inclusion criteria: ①Vaccinators meets the conditions of NCVs injection and have no contraindications to it. The details shall be subject to the instructions of the NCVs used and the statement of medical institutions. The first dose of NCVs injection shall be completed within 24 hours from the time of injection to the time of enrolment; ②No redness, swelling, injury or infection of the skin or soft tissue of both ears, which is not suitable for APA; ③No history of alcohol and adhesive tape contact allergy; ④18-59 years old, regardless of gender; ⑤Those who were able to complete the questionnaire independently at the time of the first and second dose of NCVs and on the 3rd, 7th and 15th day after the first and second dose of NCVs respectively; ⑥Those who agree to participate in the trial and sign the informed consent, and can seriously abide by the precautions after the injection of NCVs and the requirements of traditional Chinese medicine auricular point plasters sticking and acupressure. Exclusion criteria: ①Those who are not suitable to be vaccinated because they belong to the contraindication or cautious population; ②Those who have participated in other clinical trials within 4 weeks before the start of this study; ③No chronic/habitual/persistent headache, Muscle or joint pain, fatigue, diarrhea, nausea, retching or vomiting before the injection of NCVs, and no related diseases present (details of this item is listed in full protocol); ④Those who are in use or have received TCMAPA within 2 weeks before the trial; ⑤Pregnant or lactating women; ⑥Participants with other serious primary diseases and psychosis. Intervention and comparator ①Auricular point acupressure group: participants receive bilateral, symptom-specific TCMAPA in 5 auricular points (per side, 10 points bilateral) for 5 days, 3-4 times (about 1 min each time) of self-acupressure per day, after each NCVs injection (10 days in total). ②Sham auricular point acupressure group: participants receive bilateral, none symptom-specific, sham APA in 5 auricular points (per side, 10 points bilateral) for 5 days, 3-4 times (about 1 min each time) of self-acupressure per day, after each NCVs injection (10 days in total). ③Blank control group: Non-intervention blank control. The Hebei medical device Co. Ltd, Hebei, China manufactured the auricular point sticking plasters. Main outcomes Primary outcomes are all scores of visual analogue scale (VAS) based on subjective judgment of the participants included, including VAS score of pain at injection site, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue, nausea, retching, vomiting and diarrhea. Time points for outcomes above are the same: ①Immediately after first and second injection of the vaccine (Baseline assessment); ②Three days after first and second injection of the vaccine; ③Seven days after first and second injection of the vaccine; ④Fifteen days after first and second injection of the vaccine. Randomisation Participants will be randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to each group by computerized random number generator, and independently in each sub-centre. Blinding (masking) Participants, information collectors and statistical evaluators will be blinded between APA group and sham APA group. No blinding in the control group. Numbers to be randomised (sample size) No less than 360 participants will be randomized in 1:1:1 ratio to each group. Trial Status Protocol version 2.0 of February 3rd, 2021. Recruitment is expected to start on February 18th, 2021, and to finish on March 12th, 2021. Trial registration This trial was registered in the China Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR) ( ChiCTR2100043210 ) on 8th February, 2021. Full protocol The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

Abstract Background Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to regulate tumorigenesis and cancer progression, but their contributions to non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) metastasis remain poorly understood. Our previous and other studies have revealed the involvement of upregulated LINC01234 in regulating gastric cancer and colon cancer cells proliferation, and we aimed to investigate whether LINC01234 overexpression also contribute to cancer cells metastasis in this study. Methods We collect the NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues and analyzed expression levels of LINC01234 by quantitative reverse-transcription PCR. LINC01234 were knocked down by using siRNAs or shRNAs, and overexpressed by transfection with overexpression vector; RNA levels of miRNA were downregulated or upregulated with inhibitors or mimics. Transwell assays were used to evaluate cell migration and invasive ability; in vivo metastasis experiments were performed to investigate the effect of LINC01234 on NSCLC cells metastasis. Luciferase reporter, RIP, and ChIP assays were used to determine the regulation of LINC01234 on its targets. Results LINC01234 expression is increased in NSCLC tissues, and its upregulation is associated with metastasis and shorter survival in NSCLC. Downregulation of LINC01234 impairs cell migration and invasion in vitro, and inhibits cells metastasis in vivo by acting as a competing endogenous RNA for the miR-340-5p and miR-27b-3p. LINC01234 also interacts with the RNA-binding proteins LSD1 and EZH2, leading to histone modification and transcriptional repression of the anti-proliferative genes BTG2. Conclusions Taken together, our findings identify two oncogenic regulatory axes in NSCLC centering on LINC01234: one involving miR-340-5p/miR-27b-3p in the cytoplasm and the second involving EZH2, LSD1, and BTG2 in the nucleus. Our study indicates that these genes may be targeted to reduce or prevent NSCLC metastasis.

Nowadays, developing a cost-effective, easy-to-operate, and efficient signal amplification platform is of important to microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (μPAD) for end-use markets of point-of-care (POC) assay applications. Herein, an ultrasensitive, paper-based photoelectrochemical (PEC) bioassay platform is constructed by in situ grown ZnO/ZnIn2S4 heterojunctions onto paper fibers, which acted as photoactive signal amplification probes for enhancing the sensitivity of antibodies-based diagnostic assays, for the sensitive detection of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) targets. The crystalline flake-like ZnIn2S4 composited with hexagonal nanorods (NRs) morphology of ZnO is an in situ grown, at the first time, onto cellulose fibers surface supported with Au nanoparticle (Au NP) modification to improve conductivity of the device working zone. The obtained composites on paper fibers are implemented as a flexible paper-based photoelectrode to realize remarkable performance of the fabricated μPAD, resulting from the enhanced PEC activity of heterojunctions with effective electron-hole pair separation for accelerating photoelectric conversion efficiency of the sensing process under light irradiation. Once the target AFP was introduced into the biosensing interface assistant, with a specific recognition interaction of AFP antibody, a drastically photocurrent response was generated, in view of the apparent steric effects. With the concentration increase of AFP targets, more immune conjugates could be confined onto the biosensing interface, eventually leading to the quantitative decrease of photocurrent intensity. Combined with an ingenious origami design and permitting the hydrophobic/hydrophilic conversion procedure in the bioassay process, the ultrasensitive PEC detection of AFP targets was realized. Under the optimized conditions, the level of AFP could be sensitively tracked by the prepared μPAD with a liner range from 0.1 to 100 ng mL−1 and limit of detection of 0.03 ng mL−1. This work provides a great potential application for highly selective and sensitive POC testing of AFP, and finally, developments for clinical disease diagnosis.

Background: Various studies have examined the psychological ‘typhoon eye’ and ‘ripple’ effects in mental disorders following COVID-19. However, these studies only considered the disorders as entities and assessed severity, and overlooked the differences in specific symptoms of disorders. Objectives: This aim of the study is to assess the psychological typhoon eye and ripple effects at the symptom-level in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), which is considered as a common psychopathology following the COVID-19 epidemic. Method: In total, 1150 undergraduates, including 271 students from the Hubei province (e.g. epidemic centre) and 879 students from other provinces, completed the self-report questionnaire. The networks were estimated and compared using the R packages. Results: Although the PTSD networks of Hubei and non-Hubei undergraduates were similarly connected and shared some symptoms with high centrality (e.g. flashbacks, irritability and anger), there were differences across the networks. Distorted cognition and no positive emotion only exhibited high centrality in the Hubei network. Physiological responses and exaggerated startle only exhibited high centrality in the non-Hubei network. Conclusion: These findings suggested that the psychological typhoon eye and ripple effects may co-exist at the symptom level. Targeted and distinct psychological services for college students in Hubei and non-Hubei provinces should be emphasized following COVID-19.

We developed a two-dimensional (2D) transport model to investigate mass transport during bulk AlN crystal growth via the physical vapor transport (PVT) process using the finite element method (FEM), taking the powder source porosity, buoyancy, and vapor diffusion into account. The porosity effects of the powder source on mass transport under various growth conditions were investigated in detail. The simulation results show that the porosity of the powder source significantly affects the mass transport process during AlN sublimation growth. When the porosity of the powder source decreases, the growth rate becomes more uniform along the seed deposition surface, although the sublimation rate and crystal growth rate decrease, which can be attributed to the reduced specific surface area of the powder source and the reduced flow rate of Al vapor in the powder source. A flat growth interface can be achieved at a porosity of 0.2 under our specific growth conditions, which in turn facilitate the growth of high-quality AlN crystals and better yield. The decomposition of the powder source and the transport of Al vapor in the growth chamber can be suppressed by increasing the pressure. In addition, the AlN growth rate variation along the deposition surface can be attributed to the Al vapor pressure gradient caused by the temperature difference in the growth chamber.

The aim of this study was to conduct a comprehensive review on hyperscanning research (measuring brain activity simultaneously from more than two people interacting) using an explicit systematic method, the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). Data were searched from IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Engineering Village, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Inclusion criteria were journal articles written in English from 2000 to 19 June 2019. A total of 126 empirical studies were screened out to address three specific questions regarding the neuroimaging method, the application domain, and the experiment paradigm. Results showed that the most used neuroimaging method with hyperscanning was magnetoencephalography/electroencephalography (MEG/EEG; 47%), and the least used neuroimaging method was hyper-transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) (1%). Applications in cognition accounted for almost half the studies (48%), while educational applications accounted for less than 5% of the studies. Applications in decision-making tasks were the second most common (26%), shortly followed by applications in motor synchronization (23%). The findings from this systematic review that were based on documented, transparent and reproducible searches should help build cumulative knowledge and guide future research regarding inter-brain neural synchrony during social interactions, that is, hyperscanning research.

In order to understand the feasibility of using graphene as cathode materials for lithium-ion batteries, this paper uses graphene as an additive to prepare graphene-coated three-dimensional flower-shaped FeO4 nanostructures by one-step hydrothermal method. The obtained composite nano-material is composed of FeO4 nano flower-balls assembled by graphene and dozens of nanosheets. The crystal structure and morphology of the material were characterized by XRD and SEM, and their electrochemical properties were also studied. After cycling 50 times at a current density of 1000 m Ah/g, the reversible capacity of the FeO4/graphene composite still reaches 503.1 m Ah/g and the capacity retention rate is as high as 82%.

The quantification of growth and development is an important issue in economics, because these phenomena are closely related to sustainability. We address growth and development from a network perspective in which economic systems are represented as flow networks and analyzed using ecological network analysis (ENA). The Beijing economic system is used as a case study and 11 input-output (I-O) tables for 1985-2010 are converted into currency networks. ENA is used to calculate system-level indices to quantify the growth and development of Beijing. The contributions of each direct flow toward growth and development in 2010 are calculated and their implications for sustainable development are discussed. The results show that during 1985-2010, growth was the main attribute of the Beijing economic system. Although the system grew exponentially, its development fluctuated within only a small range. The results suggest that system ascendency should be increased in order to favor more sustainable development. Ascendency can be augmented in two ways: (1) strengthen those pathways with positive contributions to increasing ascendency and (2) weaken those with negative effects.

The tensor compiler compiles the tensor algorithm and schedule of the operator into the code of the target hardware.In order to accelerate tensor operation,the special processor in the field of deep learning is designed as a special architecture with special instructions,which supports multi-core parallel,multi-level special memory architecture and tensor calculation.On top of the hardware,there is a tensor instruction set closely related to the characteristics of the hardware.In such a complex architecture,the use of tensor instructions has many constraints and limitations,and there are the following problems and challenges.Firstly,the conditional branches introduced by loop tiling such as computing task division or data chunking increase the difficulty of pattern matching.Secondly,tensor instructions have hardware constraints such as alignment and data layout.To solve the above problems and research challenges,an optimization algorithm of tensor instruction ge-neration based on loop partitioning is proposed.By dividing the loop interval,the algorithm eliminates the conditional branches introduced by task division or data segmentation.The instruction and hardware constraints are solved by filling zeros,replacing equivalent instructions and adding additional calculations.The tensor instruction is generated by pattern matching method.This paper studies and extends the open source deep learning compiler TVM version 0.7,and implements a compiler prototype system supporting tensor instruction ge-neration of DianNao architecture machine learning accelerator.In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithm,the operator performance and development efficiency of element-wise binary tensor operator,in-place unary tensor operator and convolution operator are tested on the DianNao architecture machine learning accelerator hardware platform.Experimental results show that the average speedup of the three types of operators is 125.00%,the maximum speedup is 194.00%,and the maximum development efficiency increases by 7 times.