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Abstract Conjugated polymers are promising candidates for molecular wires in nanoelectronics, with flexibility in mechanics, stability in chemistry and variety in electrical conductivity. Polyene, as a segment of polyacetylene, is a typical conjugated polymer with straightforward structure and wide-range adjustable conductance. To obtain atomic scale understanding of charge transfer in polyene, we have measured the conductance of a single polyene-based molecular chain via lifting it up with scanning tunneling microscopy tip. Different from semiconducting characters in pristine polyene (polyacetylene), high conductance and low decay constant are obtained, along with an electronic state around Fermi level and characteristic vibrational mode. These observed phenomena result from pinned molecular orbital owing to molecule-electrode coupling at the interface, and weakened bond length alternation due to electron-phonon coupling inside single molecular chain. Our findings emphasize the interfacial characteristics in molecular junctions and promising properties of polyene, with single molecular conductance as a vital tool for bringing insights into the design and construction of nanodevices.

Abstract Accurate and reliable prediction of porosity forms the foundational basis for evaluating reservoir quality, which is essential for the systematic deployment of oil and gas exploration and development plans. When data quality of samples is low, and critical model parameters are typically determined through subjective experience, resulting in diminished accuracy and reliability of porosity prediction methods utilizing gated recurrent units (GRU), a committee-voting ensemble learning (EL) method, and an enhanced particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm are proposed to optimize the GRU-based porosity prediction model. Initially, outliers are eliminated through box plots and the min–max normalization is applied to enhance data quality. To address issues related to model accuracy and high training costs arising from dimensional complexity, substantial noise, and redundant information in logging data, a committee-voting EL strategy based on four feature selection algorithms is introduced. Following data preprocessing, this approach is employed to identify logging parameters highly correlated with porosity, thereby furnishing the most pertinent data samples for the GRU model, mitigating constraints imposed by single-feature selection methods. Second, an improved PSO algorithm is suggested to tackle challenges associated with low convergence accuracy stemming from random population initialization, alongside the absence of global optimal solutions due to overly rapid particle movement during iteration. This algorithm uses a good-point set for population initialization and incorporates a compression factor to devise an adaptive velocity updating strategy, thereby enhancing search efficacy. The enhanced PSO algorithm’s superiority is substantiated through comparison with four alternative swarm intelligent algorithms across 10 benchmark test functions. Ultimately, optimal hyper-parameters for the GRU model are determined using the improved PSO algorithm, thereby minimizing the influence of human factors. Experimental findings based on approximately 15,000 logging data points from well A01 in an operational field validate that, relative to three other deep learning methodologies, the proposed model proficiently extracts spatiotemporal features from logging data, yielding enhanced accuracy in porosity prediction. The mean squared error on the test set was 7.19 × 10–6, the mean absolute error stood at 0.0082, and coefficient of determination reached 0.99, offering novel insights for predicting reservoir porosity.

Abstract Surge in global population and shift toward animal‐based diets have accelerated expansion of livestock production, posing various environmental challenges. It requires inventorying localized, activity‐specific, and indicator‐extended multidimensional eco‐environmental burdens and revealing their transfers within interregional trade to inform holistic livestock production management from both production and consumption sides. Herein, we construct a life cycle framework covering multiple livestock species, feeding regimes, and activities to evaluate nine environmental impacts ending up as human health, ecosystem quality and resource scarcity burdens in Chinese provincial regions. Multi‐regional input‐output analysis is then conducted to trace transfers of these burdens embedded within trade associated with livestock production. Results indicate that fine particulate matter formation (mainly by livestock housing) and climate change (mainly by enteric fermentation) contribute greater than 60% and 30% to health burdens. Besides for health burdens, for ecosystem burdens primarily caused by housing, and resource burdens mainly aggravated by high on‐farm energy use, poultry results in the highest level. The main production regions Shandong, Henan and Sichuan lead from perspectives of both production and consumption‐based burdens. Whereas regions with the largest export (Inner Mongolia, 3.87 × 104 DALY for health burdens) or import (Guangdong, 3.92 × 104 DALY for health burdens) do not necessarily bear greatest burdens. This work provides policy instructions in mitigating various eco‐environmental burdens imposed by livestock production and promoting sustainable agricultural practices.

Myocardial infarction (MI) remains the leading cause of death related to cardiovascular diseases globally, presenting a significant clinical challenge due to the specificity of the lesion site and the limited proliferative capacity of cardiomyocytes (CMs) for repairing the infarcted myocardium. Extensive studies reported so far has focused on the utilization of hydrogel-based cardiac patches for MI treatment, highlighting their promising mechanical properties, conductivity, and ability to remodel the microenvironment post-repair. However, the majority of developed cardiac patches have been limited to the myocardial tissue surface via suturing or adhesive administration. Suturing inevitably leads to additional damage to the fragile myocardium, while uneven application of adhesives may result in patch displacement and compromised drug release. Based on these critical issues, we systematically summarize the advantages and drawbacks of using hydrogel patches for MI treatment with emphasis on elucidating various design strategies. Specifically, we first describe the changes in the pathological microenvironment following MI. Next, we discuss the biomimetic types of hydrogel patches, their functional design, and corresponding strategies for microenvironment adaptation, emphasizing adhesion mechanisms, wet adhesion design strategies, and fabrication techniques for hydrogel patches. Finally, we address the potential challenges and prospects of hydrogels as patches for MI therapy. The review is believed to provide theoretical guidance for the development of new therapeutic strategies for effectively MI treatment.

ABSTRACT Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique in diagnostic pathology and biomedical research, but there is still a need to shorten the operation process and reduce the cost of antibodies. This study aims to assess a novel IHC technique that incorporates mechanical microvibration (MMV) to expedite the process, reduce antibody consumption, and enhance staining quality. MMV was generated using coin vibration motors attached to glass slides mounted with consecutive tissue sections. Multiple antibodies targeting various antigens were used to stain cancerous and normal tissues, with and without microvibration. Various parameters were tested, including incubation durations, temperatures, and antibody dilutions. The novel method showed the potential to achieve comparable or superior outcomes in significantly less time, utilizing over 10 times less antibody than controls. MMV improved specific staining quality, yielding stronger, and better‐defined positive reactions. This was validated through a multicenter double‐blind assessment and quantitative image analysis. The possible mechanisms were also investigated. MMV shortens immunohistochemical staining duration, reduces antibody usage, and enhances staining specificity, likely by accelerating antibody movement and diffusion. These improvements translate to time and cost savings, offering clinical and financial value for diagnostic pathology and biomedical research.

BackgroundAlthough the Chufeng Qingpi Decoction (CQD) has demonstrated clinical effectiveness in the treatment of schistosomiasis, the precise active components and the underlying mechanisms of its therapeutic action remain elusive. To achieve a profound comprehension, we incorporate network pharmacology, bioinformatics analysis, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations as investigative methodologies within our research framework.MethodUtilizing TCMSP and UniProt, we identified formula components and targets. Cytoscape 3.10.0 was used to construct an herb–target interaction network. Genecards, DisGeNET, and OMIM databases were examined for disease-related objectives. A Venn diagram identified the intersection of compound and disease targets. Using Draw Venn, overlapping targets populated STRING for PPI network. CytoNCA identified schistosomiasis treatment targets. GO & KEGG enrichment analysis followed High-scoring genes in PPI were analyzed by LASSO, RF, SVM-RFE. Molecular docking & simulations investigated target-compound interactions.ResultThe component’s target network encompassed 379 nodes, 1629 edges, highlighting compounds such as wogonin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin. Amongst the proteins within the PPI network, PTGS2, TNF, TGFB1, BCL2, TP53, IL10, JUN, MMP2, IL1B, and MYC stood out as the most prevalent entities. GO and KEGG revealed that mainly involved the responses to UV, positive regulation of cell migration and motility. The signal pathways encompassed Pathways in cancer, Lipid and atherosclerosis, Fluid shear stress and atherosclerosis, as well as the AGE-RAGE. Bioinformatics analysis indicated TP53 was the core gene. Ultimately, the molecular docking revealed that wogonin, kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin each exhibited significant affinity in their respective interactions with TP53. Notably, kaempferol exhibited the lowest binding energy, indicating a highly stable interaction with TP53. Lastly, we validated the stability of the binding interaction between the four small molecules and the TP53 through molecular dynamics simulations. The molecular dynamics simulation further validated the strongest binding between TP53 and kaempferol. In essence, our research groundbreaking in its nature elucidates for the first time the underlying molecular mechanism of CQD in the therapeutic management of schistosomiasis, thereby providing valuable insights and guidance for the treatment of this disease.ConclusionThis study uncovered the efficacious components and underlying molecular mechanisms of the Chufeng Qingpi Decoction in the management of schistosomiasis, thereby offering valuable insights for future fundamental research endeavors.

Citrus reticulata ‘Chachi’ (CRC), recognized for its considerable edible and medicinal significance, is a valuable source of metabolites beneficial to human health. This research investigates the metabolic distinctions and antioxidant properties across four different parts of CRC, using multivariate statistical analysis to interpret metabolomic data and network pharmacology to identify potential antioxidant targets and relevant signaling pathways. The results indicate considerable metabolic differences in different parts of the sample, with 1622 metabolites showing differential expression, including 816 secondary metabolites, primarily consisting of terpenoids (31.02%) and flavonoids (25.22%). The dried mature citrus peel (CP) section demonstrates the highest level of total phenolics (6.8 mg/g), followed by the pulp without seed (PU) (4.52 mg/g), pulp with seed (PWS) (4.26 mg/g), and the seed (SE) (2.16 mg/g). Interestingly, targeted high-performance liquid chromatography of flavonoids reveals the highest level of nobiletin and tangeretin in CP, whereas PU has the highest level of hesperidin, narirutin, and didymin. Furthermore, all four sections of CRC exhibit robust antioxidant properties in in vitro assessments (CP > PU > PWS > SE). Lastly, the network pharmacology uncovered potential antioxidant mechanisms in CRC. This research offers deeper insights into the development and utilization of byproducts in the CRC processing industry.

In this paper, we present a novel class of hybrid polyketides, tenuazamines A–H (1–8), which exhibit a unique tautomeric equilibrium from Alternaria alternata FL7. The elucidation of the structures was achieved through a diverse combination of NMR, HR-ESIMS, and ECD methods, with a focus on extensive spectroscopic data analysis. Notably, compounds 1, 4, 8–9 exhibited potent toxic effects on the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. This research expands the structural diversity of tenuazonic acid compounds derived from endophytic fungi and provides potential hit compounds for the development of herbicides.

We analyze the effect of a bicycle lane on traffic speeds. Computer vision techniques are used to detect and classify the speed and trajectory of over 9,000 motor-vehicles at an intersection that was part of a pilot demonstration in which a bicycle lane was temporarily implemented. After controlling for direction, hourly traffic flow, and the behavior of the vehicle (i.e., free-flowing or stopped at a red light), we found that the effect of the delineator-protected bicycle lane (marked with traffic cones and plastic delineators) was associated with a 28 % reduction in average maximum speeds and a 21 % decrease in average speeds for vehicles turning right. For those going straight, a smaller reduction of up to 8 % was observed. Traffic moving perpendicular to the bicycle lane experienced no decrease in speeds. Painted-only bike lanes were also associated with a small speed reduction of 11–15 %, but solely for vehicles turning right. These findings suggest an important secondary benefit of bicycle lanes: by having a traffic calming effect, delineated bicycle lanes may decrease the risk and severity of crashes for pedestrians and other road users.

Abstract Highly efficient multi-dimensional data storage and extraction are two primary ends for the design and fabrication of emerging optical materials. Although metasurfaces show great potential in information storage due to their modulation for different degrees of freedom of light, a compact and efficient detector for relevant multi-dimensional data retrieval is still a challenge, especially in complex environments. Here, we demonstrate a multi-dimensional image storage and retrieval process by using a dual-color metasurface and a double-layer integrated perovskite single-pixel detector (DIP-SPD). Benefitting from the photoelectric response characteristics of the FAPbBr2.4I0.6 and FAPbI3 films and their stacked structure, our filter-free DIP-SPD can accurately reconstruct different colorful images stored in a metasurface within a single-round measurement, even in complex environments with scattering media or strong background noise. Our work not only provides a compact, filter-free, and noise-robust detector for colorful image extraction in a metasurface, but also paves the way for color imaging application of perovskite-like bandgap tunable materials.

ObjectiveTo examine the status quo and influencing factors of nutrition and health knowledge among permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in Hunan province in 2021. MethodsThe participants of the study were 4 351 permanent residents aged 18 – 64 years in 13 districts/counties of Hunan province. An on-site survey was conducted among the participants using a questionnaire designed for a national surveillance on nutrition and health knowledge in Chinese residents aged 18 – 64 years during April – May 2021. A participant′s awareness on nutrition and health knowledge was assessed according to the total scaled score ( ≥ 75 out of the full score of 100) for the questionnaire′s 20 items on dietary guidelines, food characteristics, nutrition and diseases, food choices, and food safety. Data analysis was performed with SPSS 22.0. ResultsThe mean score of nutrition and health knowledge questionnaire was 62.2 ± 12.4 for the 4 010 participants with eligible responses and 15.0% of the participants were assessed as having the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge. Of the participants, 77.4% reported obtaining nutrition and health knowledge through using mobile applications such as Wechat/MicroBlog/Tiktok/Kuaishou, followed by 53.5% and 43.4% reported obtaining the knowledge from television/radio programs and the communication with family members/relatives/friends. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the participants with following characteristics were more likely to have the awareness on nutrition and health knowledge: being female ( versus male: OR = 1.319, 95%CI: 1.097 – 1.585), living in urban regions (versus living in rural regions: OR = 1.266, 95%CI: 1.044 – 1.536), with the education higher than primary school and below (junior middle school: OR = 2.257, 95%CI: 1.433 – 3.553; senior high school/technical secondary school/technical school education: OR = 3.916, 95%CI: 2.452 – 6.255; junior college/vocational college: OR = 7.859, 95%CI: 4.813 – 12.830; bachelor degree: OR = 11.943, 95%CI = 7.105 – 20.075; master degree or above: OR = 12.813, 95%CI: 3.929 – 41.788), and working in medical institutions (versus in other work units: OR = 1.849, 95%CI: 1.397 – 2.447) . ConclusionThe awareness rate of nutrition and health knowledge needs to be improved and the awareness is mainly influenced by gender, place of residence, education level and work unit among 18 – 64 years old residents in Hunan province.

The netted radar system (NRS) has been proved to possess unique advantages in anti-jamming and improving target tracking performance. Effective resource management can greatly ensure the combat capability of the NRS. In this paper, based on the netted collocated multiple input multiple output (C-MIMO) radar, an effective joint target assignment and power allocation (JTAPA) strategy for tracking multi-targets under self-defense blanket jamming is proposed. An architecture based on the distributed fusion is used in the radar network to estimate target state parameters. By deriving the predicted conditional Cramer-Rao lower bound (PC-CRLB) based on the obtained state estimation information, the objective function is formulated. To maximize the worst case tracking accuracy, the proposed JTAPA strategy implements an online target assignment and power allocation of all active nodes, subject to some resource constraints. Since the formulated JTAPA is non-convex, we propose an efficient two-step solution strategy. In terms of the simulation results, the proposed algorithm can effectively improve tracking performance in the worst case.

Roof blast presplitting technology is an important means to preventing rockburst. Taking the frequent occurrence of rockburst in the gob-side roadway with hard roof in Ordos as background, the mechanical and UDEC numerical models of gob-side roadway overburden structure are established. The characteristics of overlying rock structure and stress evolution before and after roof presplitting blasting are compared. The rockburst prevention mechanism of blast presplitting in gob-side roadway is revealed. The practice of preventing rockburst with blasting is carried out. The lateral overburden structure and coal stress in gob-side roadway before and after blasting are measured by means of drilling exploration, peeping, stress monitoring, and microseismic. The following conclusions are drawn: ① roof presplitting blasting can promote the structural transformation of long-arm “F” → long-arm “L” → short-arm “L” type of the lateral overburden, shorten the cantilever length of key layer, reduce the static load stress of coal seam, promote the peak stress of coal seam to transfer to the deep, and weaken the dynamic load of lateral overburden, reduce the risk of rockburst. ② Before and after blasting, the measured fracture angle of lower rock stratum increases from 57° to 72°, and the cantilever length decreases by 8.7 m, while the cantilever length of the middle-high level key layer decreases by at least 6.8 m. The pre-splitting blasting of lower rock stratum induces the fracture of middle-high level key stratum, confirming the transformation of overlying rock structure in gob-side. ③ Before and after blasting, the numerical calculation shows that the peak stress reduction of the coal in gob-side is 5.36 MPa, and the measured maximum stress reduction of coal seam is 5.4 MPa, the energy and frequency of microseismic events are significantly reduced, the measured and theoretical results are consistent. ④ A method for testing the rockburst prevention effect of blasting by combining multiple means such as borehole exploration, peeping, stress and microseismic monitoring has been formed.

This paper presents an efficient integrated multidisciplinary design optimization method for shaping a high-pressure cooling turbine blade in aero engines. This approach utilizes a novel regression/interpolation combination surrogate model (R/ICSM), facilitating comprehensive design optimization through collaborative coupling feature parameterization modeling and numerical simulation analysis across various disciplines. The optimized blade adjusts the load distribution on its surface, effectively eliminating flow separation at the tip and trailing edge. Notably, the optimized blade achieves a 0.69% increase in isentropic efficiency while satisfying aerodynamic, strength, and structural constraints. This highlights the effectiveness and progressiveness of the multidisciplinary design optimization method for a cooling turbine blade based on the R/ICSM in enhancing overall performance. It offers a novel and feasible approach for turbine blade design optimization and provides valuable insights for future research and applications.

Safety is the primary guarantee for achieving coal mine production. The degree of water in the overlying rock of the coal seam has a significant impact on the mechanical strength of the rock, which can lead to subsidence, roof collapse, and rock burst in the mining area. Therefore, it is important to study the law of water-rich damage and deterioration of coal seam overlying rock, as well as the characteristics of bursting liability to prevent and control mining disasters. This paper aims to investigate the change in compressive strength, elastic modulus, and bursting liability of coal measure strata under different water content and their relationship with lithology, particle size, pore characteristics, and mineral characteristics. We carried out uniaxial compression tests on drilled and prepared samples of coal measure strata in the east of Ordos City. We also monitored the acoustic emission characteristics of the rock failure process under different water content. The results demonstrate that, in the dry state, the compressive strength of siltstone >fine sandstone >medium sandstone >coarse sandstone. As the water content increases, the rock transitions from brittle to plastic, and the compressive strength, elastic modulus, and bursting liability gradually decrease. The stress-strain curve changes from a single peak to bimodal and multimodal, and the active degree of acoustic emission events decreases, especially the low-value ringing count. Calcareous cementation, clay minerals, and chlorite exhibit strong softening properties when subjected to water, while the grain skeleton (comprising quartz, feldspar, mica) and siliceous cementation displays weak softening properties in such conditions. The most significant is the mechanical strength deterioration of siltstone containing a clay matrix. The research findings can provide reference and theoretical support for safe mining practices in coal mines.

As an important means to control the hard roof, presplitting blasting is the main measure for controlling rock burst disaster in the key strata of the deep mine in the west. Taking the typical thick and hard key layer, Menkeqing Coal Mine as the analysis object, the mechanical and FLAC3D numerical models of roof presplitting blasting energy release are established. The structural characteristics and evolution laws of key layers during mining operations are analyzed, and the mechanism of rock burst behavior in thick and hard key layers is revealed. The influence of combined blasting scheme on the evolution law of roof stress field and energy field was studied. The engineering practice and the control effect of presplitting blasting on roof were carried out and evaluated. The results show that (1) in view of the characteristics of “difficult to collapse and strong energy storage” of composite thick and hard key strata in a deep stope, the targeted low-high combined blasting measures can realize the transformation of overburden structure from “F” type to “Γ” type, effectively shorten the exposed length of key strata, reduce the in-plane static load stress, weaken the dynamic load strength, and reduce the impact risk. (2) After adopting the low-high combined blasting measures, the maximum vertical stress reduction on both sides and above the goaf is 70% and 90%, respectively, and the energy release is up to 106 J, which greatly reduced the stress concentration inside the coal body and weakened the energy intensity when the overlying strata structure in the goaf was broken. (3) The total energy and frequency of microseismic events during the mining period, as well as the pressure strength and pressure step of the support, were significantly reduced. The effectiveness of the combined roof presplitting blasting technology in preventing and controlling rock burst was verified by FLAC3D numerical simulation and field monitoring. The research results have been successfully applied to the Menkeqing Coal Mine.

AbstractCoal bursts caused by mining-induced seismicity occur in the working face in steeply inclined and extra thick coal seams (SIETCSs). This article presents a case study in SIETCS through discrete element simulation as well as field investigation. The evolution of the coal burst was studied from the perspective of stress distribution, crack propagation and coal fragment ejection. The results showed that dynamic failure mainly occurred in the coal near the roof. The deep bottom coal and the top coal near the roof are under high static stress due to the clamping effect of the roof and floor and the rotation of the deep roof. The coal burst in the working face was triggered by mining-induced seismicity. The coal burst occurred when the sum of the static stress and the dynamic stress caused by the mining-induced seismicity exceeds the sum of the ultimate strength of the coal and the support strength, which was called the ‘clamping-rotation-dynamic loads’ mechanism. During the coal burst, the cracks developed rapidly into the deep bottom coal and the top coal on the roof side. The results can serve as an important reference for the coal burst failure mechanism in the working face in SIETCSs.

This paper offers a new tracking algorithm for clustered targets of focal plane unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) by integrating the random hypersurface model (RHM) model into the $\delta $ -generalized label multi-Bernoulli ( $\delta $ -GLMB) filter to guarantee a robust UAV cluster target tracking on such focal planes. We first investigated the infrared imaging features of UAV cluster targets by emphasizing the target imaging size and dispersion. Next, we designed an elliptical RHM-based measurement model to map the measurement, state parameters, scaling factors, and errors to pseudo-measurement “0”, followed by establishing a pseudo-measurement equation to reflect the target’s extended shape size. Then, in order to enhance measurement estimation accuracy, the RHM model was implemented with the $\delta $ -GLMB filter and Gamma-Gaussian mixture, which can perform a real-time estimate of the targets’ centroid motion state and extended state. We also used the grid-based fast density-based spatial clustering of applications with noise (DBSCAN) segmentation algorithm to overcome the distance-based segmentation method restrictions for infrared radiation (IR) measurement data and diminish the algorithm’s complexity even more in the measurement update. Extensive simulations demonstrated that this algorithm outperformed existing matching filtering algorithms in the target centroid motion and extended states. Our investigations also revealed that the algorithm was less vulnerable to clutter and more adaptive, making it more straightforward to accomplish reliable tracking of UAV cluster targets.

RF-based gesture recognition systems outperform computer vision-based systems in terms of user privacy. The integration of Wi-Fi sensing and deep learning has opened new application areas for intelligent multimedia technology. Although promising, existing systems have multiple limitations: (1) they only work well in a fixed domain; (2) when working in a new domain, they require the recollection of a large amount of data. These limitations either lead to a subpar cross-domain performance or require a huge amount of human effort, impeding their widespread adoption in practical scenarios. We propose Wi-AM, a privacy-preserving gesture recognition framework, to address the above limitations. Wi-AM can accurately recognize gestures in a new domain with only one sample. To remove irrelevant disturbances induced by interfering domain factors, we design a multi-domain adversarial scheme to reduce the differences in data distribution between different domains and extract the maximum amount of transferable features related to gestures. Moreover, to quickly adapt to an unseen domain with only a few samples, Wi-AM adopts a meta-learning framework to fine-tune the trained model into a new domain with a one-sample-per-gesture manner while achieving an accurate cross-domain performance. Extensive experiments in a real-world dataset demonstrate that Wi-AM can recognize gestures in an unseen domain with average accuracy of 82.13% and 86.76% for 1 and 3 data samples.

In this paper, a Segment Anything Model (SAM)-based pedestrian infrastructure segmentation workflow is designed and optimized, which is capable of efficiently processing multi-sourced geospatial data, including LiDAR data and satellite imagery data. We used an expanded definition of pedestrian infrastructure inventory, which goes beyond the traditional transportation elements to include street furniture objects that are important for accessibility but are often omitted from the traditional definition. Our contributions lie in producing the necessary knowledge to answer the following three questions. First, how can mobile LiDAR technology be leveraged to produce comprehensive pedestrian-accessible infrastructure inventory? Second, which data representation can facilitate zero-shot segmentation of infrastructure objects with SAM? Third, how well does the SAM-based method perform on segmenting pedestrian infrastructure objects? Our proposed method is designed to efficiently create pedestrian-accessible infrastructure inventory through the zero-shot segmentation of multi-sourced geospatial datasets. Through addressing three research questions, we show how the multi-mode data should be prepared, what data representation works best for what asset features, and how SAM performs on these data presentations. Our findings indicate that street-view images generated from mobile LiDAR point-cloud data, when paired with satellite imagery data, can work efficiently with SAM to create a scalable pedestrian infrastructure inventory approach with immediate benefits to GIS professionals, city managers, transportation owners, and walkers, especially those with travel-limiting disabilities, such as individuals who are blind, have low vision, or experience mobility disabilities.

Objective To explore the effect of Treponema pallidum (Tp) -induced exosomes (EXOTp) by macrophages on macrophage polarization. Methods Human monocyte-macrophages (THP-1) were induced into macrophages, followed by stimulation with or without Tp for 24 h. After changing medium, cells were cultured for additional 48 h. The macrophage exosome suspension was collected, and exosomes were isolated by differential speed centrifugation. Isolated exosomes were identified by both Western blotting and transmission electron microscopy, and were quantitated with nanoparticle tracking technology. The internalization of the macrophages in the two groups was observed under a laser confocal microscope. In the experimental group, the isolated EXOTp was incubated with M0 macrophages for 24 h. Incubation of M0 macrophages with exosomes produced by non-Tp-treated macrophages served as negative controls, while M0 macrophages incubated without exosomes served as blank controls. At 6,12, and 24 h, the expression levels of INOS, IL-12, Arg-1, IL-10 and other mRNAs in all three groups were detected by qRT-PCR. Flow cytometry was used to identify macrophage phenotypes using MHC-Ⅱ, CD86, CD206, and CD209 markers. Results qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of INOS and IL-12 mRNA in experimental group were time-dependently up-regulated (P0.05). Flow cytometry results showed that MHC-Ⅱ was positive (P0.05). Conclusions The exosomes secreted by THP-1-derived macrophages cannot induce the polarization of M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages. Upon the stimulation with Tp, the exosomes secreted by THP-1-derived macrophages can induce polarization of M0 macrophages to M1 macrophages.

IntroductionSalt stress inhibits the beneficial effects of most plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria. The synergistic relationship between beneficial rhizosphere microorganisms and plants helps achieve more stable growth-promoting effects. This study aimed 1) to elucidate changes in gene expression profiles in the roots and leaves of wheat after inoculation with compound microbial agents and 2) to determine the mechanisms by which plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria mediate plant responses to microorganisms.MethodsFollowing inoculation with compound bacteria, transcriptome characteristics of gene expression profiles of wheat, roots, and leaves at the flowering stage were investigated using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology. Gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses were performed on the genes that were significantly differentially expressed.ResultsThe expression of 231 genes in the roots of bacterial preparations (BIO) -inoculated wheat changed significantly (including 35 upregulated and 196 downregulated genes) compared with that of non-inoculated wheat. The expression of 16,321 genes in leaves changed significantly, including 9651 upregulated genes and 6670 downregulated genes. The differentially expressed genes were involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and secondary compounds as well as signal transduction pathways. The ethylene receptor 1 gene in wheat leaves was significantly downregulated, and genes related to ethylene-responsive transcription factor were significantly upregulated. GO enrichment analysis showed that metabolic and cellular processes were the main functions affected in the roots and leaves. The main molecular functions altered were binding and catalytic activities, among which the cellular oxidant detoxification enrichment rate was highly expressed in the roots. The expression of peroxisome size regulation was the highest in the leaves. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that linoleic acid metabolism expression was highest in the roots, and the expression of photosynthesis-antenna proteins was the highest in leaves. After inoculation with a complex biosynthesis agent, the phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) gene of the phenylpropanoid biosynthesis pathway was upregulated in wheat leaf cells while 4CL, CCR, and CYP73A were downregulated. Additionally, CYP98A and REF1 genes involved in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were upregulated, while F5H, HCT, CCR, E2.1.1.104, and TOGT1-related genes were downregulated.DiscussionDifferentially expressed genes may play key roles in improving salt tolerance in wheat. Compound microbial inoculants promoted the growth of wheat under salt stress and improved disease resistance by regulating the expression of metabolism-related genes in wheat roots and leaves and activating immune pathway-related genes.

Poor adaptability of hybrid-rice (Oryza sativa L.) mechanical transplanting is one of the main factors limiting hybrid-rice production. Mixed sowing ensured stronger seedlings and better mechanical transplanting quality than conventional sowing in mechanical transplanting hybrid rice. Field experiments were conducted to identify the effects of mixed and conventional sowing of hybrid rice on rice growth, yield, and quality under mechanical transplantation in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China in 2021 and 2022. Two hybrid-rice varieties, japonica rice Changyou 4 and indica rice Yuanliangyou, and two conventional rice varieties, japonica rice Nanjing 5055 and indica rice Yangdao 6 were included in this study. Both japonica and indica rice showed the following results. There were no significant differences in biomass and leaf-area index of rice under different sowing methods at the heading and maturity stages. The basic seedling and spike rate was 38.27% and 16.24% higher, respectively, in mixed sowing than those averages in conventional sowing. In addition, the spikelets per panicle of hybrid rice in mixed sowing was 10.88% greater than the average in conventional sowing, indicating better heterosis. Compared to conventional sowing, mixed sowing increased the average gel consistency and taste value by 15.86% and 28.21%, respectively, while chalkiness degree, amylose content, and protein content decreased by an average of 60.47%, 44.89%, and 36.63%, respectively. Our study showed that similar biomass and leaf-area index, large basal seedling and spike rate, and large spikelets per panicle of hybrid rice are the keys to ensuring high yield in mixed sowing. At the same time, mixed sowing improved the appearance, nutrition, and cooking/eating qualities of the rice.

Inhibition of epithelial ferroptosis in colonic tissues relieved clinical symptoms and improved endoscopic presentations in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Kumatakenin, the main ingredient of traditional Chinese medicinal cloves and Alpinia purpurata, is reported to possess therapeutic benefits. However, whether kumatakenin could inhibit ferroptosis and further alleviate colitis remains unclear. Here, we measured the effects of kumatakenin on ferroptosis of colonic epithelial cells from colitis mice. The colitis model was induced in mice by oral intake of 2.5% dextran sulfate sodium in drinking water. RNA sequencing was performed to investigate the mechanism underlying kumatakenin-mediated effects on colitis. The results showed that different doses of kumatakenin significantly alleviated symptoms and suppressed intestinal inflammation in the colitis mouse model. Kumatakenin supplementation decreased cellular iron levels and suppressed ferroptosis in epithelial cells from colitis mice. RNA sequencing, qPCR, and pharmacological inhibition assays showed that kumatakenin reduced cellular iron levels and suppressed ferroptosis in epithelial cells from colitis mice at least partially by upregulating expression of enolase (Eno-3). Furthermore, kumatakenin decreased iron levels in epithelial cells by modulating the Eno3-iron regulatory protein (IRP1) axis. Molecular docking results revealed that kumatakenin could bind Eno3 via hydrogen bonding with the amino acid residues Thr208, Val206, and Pro203. This work will provide a scientific basis for the clinical use of kumatakenin in the treatment of colitis.

BackgroundThe size of lymph node metastasis (LNM) and pre-ablation stimulated Tg (ps-Tg) were key predictors of clinical prognosis in differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) patients, however, very few studies combine the above two as predictors of clinical prognosis of DTC patients.MethodsPersistent/recurrent disease and clinicopathologic factors were analyzed in 543 DTC patients without distant metastases who underwent LN dissection, near-total/total thyroidectomy, and radioiodine ablation.ResultsIn the multivariate analysis, size of LNM, ps-Tg, and the activity of 131I significantly correlated with long-term remission. The optimal cutoff size of LNM 0.4 cm-1.4 cm (intermediate-risk patients) and >1.4cm (high-risk patients) increased the recurrence risk (hazard ratio [95% CI], 4.674 [2.881-7.583] and 13.653 [8.135–22.913], respectively). Integration of ps-Tg into the reclassification risk stratification showed that ps-Tg ≤ 10.1 ng/mL was relevant to a greatly heightened possibility of long-term remission (92.2%–95.4% in low-risk patients, 67.3%–87.0% in intermediate-risk patients, and 32.3%–57.7% in high-risk patients).ConclusionThe cutoff of 0.4 cm and 1.4 cm for a definition of size of LNM in DTC patients without distant metastases can reclassify risk assessment, and incorporating ps-Tg could more effectively predict clinical outcomes and modify the postoperative management plan.

In this study, the numerical direct shear tests were conducted to investigate the shear mechanical properties of joint networks under constant normal stiffness (CNS) boundary conditions. The influence of random joint number on shear stress (τ), dilation (normal displacement, δv) and normal stress (σn) of rock mass were studied quantitatively with fixed main slip surface. At the same time, the internal stress evolution process and failure process were analyzed. The results reveal that the number of random joints (γ) has little effect on the shear and normal stresses. The normal displacement of the sample generally decreases as the number of random joints increases. In addition, the normal displacement of the specimen is absorbed by the random joints when the number of random joints in the specimen increases to a certain level: when γ is greater than 6 and the shear displacement (μ) reaching 10 mm, the specimen exhibits shear contraction. Therefore, the internal random joints mainly control the failure mode and dilatancy performance of the specimen, while the main joint of the rock controls the shear stress of the specimen.

Applying plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) improves the efficiency of soil-borne disease control and is considered a sustainable practice. However, the effect of PGPR on the fungal community, especially pathogenic fungi and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), remains unclear. In this study, we examined the effects of a compound microbial agent (consisting of Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3) on the incidence and yield of wheat under low salt stress, as well as compared the diversity and community composition of the rhizosphere fungal and AMF communities of wheat in the CK (not inoculated bacterial agent) and BIO (inoculated with a bacterial agent) groups. Chlorophyll relative content (SPAD), net photosynthesis rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), leaf water use efficiency (WUEL), grains per spike and wheat yield in the BIO group increased more than in the CK group. The number of diseased plants and disease incidence was observed to be reduced. The relative efficacy reached 79.80%. We classified 1007 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTU) based on Miseq sequencing data: 11 phyla, 173 families, 319 genera, and 521 species. Fifty-four OTUs were classified from the AMF effective sequences, including 1 phylum, 3 families, 3 genera, and 17 species. The inoculation of bacterial agents reduced the relative abundance of pathogen genera such as Gibberella, Fusarium, Cladosporium, and Alternaria in wheat rhizosphere. It increased the relative abundance of AMF species such as Glomus-group-B-Glomus-lamellosu-VTX00193, Glomus-viscosum-VTX00063, and Glomus-Glo2-VTX00280. In addition, pH, EC, exchangeable K, available N, total N, organic matter, and olsen P were the main driving forces for shaping wheat rhizosphere fungi. The pH value was positively correlated with the relative abundance of fungal communities in soil, especially Gibberella, Cladosporium, Fusarium, and Alternaria. In summary, inoculation with Bacillus subtilis HG-15 and Bacillus velezensis JC-K3 affected wheat yield, incidence, rhizosphere soil chemical properties, rhizosphere fungi, and AMF fungal diversity and community. The findings may provide a theoretical foundation and strain support for constructing efficient PGPR-community and clarifying its mechanism of pathogenic bacteria inhibition.

Broad-band emission of self-trapped exciton in low-dimensional perovskite is prospective for white LED, yet rational design new white perovskite remains challenge. Here, the authors develop an atom-substituting strategy to trigger exciton self-tapping in perovskites and reveal the mechanism behind.

The low survival rates, poor responses, and drug resistance of patients with melanoma make it urgent to find new therapeutic targets. This study investigated whether the circ_0084043-miR-134-5p axis regulates the antitumor effect of protocadherin 9 (PCDH9) in melanoma. Ectopic expression or knock down (KD) of PCDH9 with a lentivirus vector, we explored its effects on the proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis of melanoma and verified its regulatory effect on ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1 (RAC1), proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), Cyclin D1, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2), and MMP9. We further observed the effect of KD circ_0084043 on the malignant behavior of melanoma and studied whether circ_0084043 sponged miR-134-5p and regulated PCDH9. We found that circ_0084043 was overexpressed in melanoma and associated with the malignant phenotype. PCDH9 was poorly expressed in human melanoma tissues, and overexpression of PCDH9 inhibited melanoma progression. Quantitative real-time PCR and Western blotting results showed that overexpression of PCDH9 could downregulate RAC1, MMP2, and MMP9 and upregulate Pyk2 and Cyclin D1. Circ_0084043 KD inhibited invasion and promoted apoptosis in melanoma cells. Circ_0084043 could sponge miR-134-5p and thus indirectly regulate PCDH9. Furthermore, we discovered that inhibiting circ_0084043 had an anti–PD-Ll effect. In vivo, PCDH9 overexpression inhibited melanoma tumor growth, but PCDH9 KD promoted it. In conclusion, PCDH9, which is regulated by the circ 0084043-miR-134-5p axis, can suppress malignant biological behavior in melanoma and influence the expression levels of Pyk2, RAC1, Cyclin D1, MMP2, and MMP9.

Aiming at the problems of long development cycle and high cost of large-diameter naval gun, the similarity analysis of vibration characteristics of cradle, the key component of large-diameter naval gun, is carried out. Based on the similarity principle, the modal similarity relationship between the original cradle model and the reduced scale model is established, the 1:4 reduced scale model of cradle and bracket is designed and processed, the numerical solution and Simulation of the theoretical model are carried out, and the modal test of the experimental model is carried out. The results show that the error between the original predicted data of the first six natural frequencies of the scaled model modal test and the numerical solution of the original structure is less than 10%, and the test modal shape is close to that in workbench modal simulation. It can provide some reference value for the initial design vibration characteristics analysis of key components of large caliber naval gun.

Abstract The search of direct-gap Si-based semiconductors is of great interest due to the potential application in many technologically relevant fields. This work examines the incorporation of He as a possible route to form a direct band gap in Si. Structure predictions and first-principles calculations show that He and Si, at high pressure, form four dynamically stable phases of Si2He (oP36-Si2He, tP9-Si2He, mC18-Si2He, and mC12-Si2He). All phases adopt host–guest structures consisting of a channel-like Si host framework filled with He guest atoms. The Si frameworks in oP36-Si2He, tP9-Si2He, and mC12-Si2He could be retained to ambient pressure after removal of He, forming three pure Si allotropes. Among them, oP36-Si2He and mC12-Si2He exhibit direct band gaps of 1.24 and 1.34 eV, respectively, close to the optimal value (~1.3 eV) for solar cell applications. Analysis shows that mC12-Si2He with an electric dipole transition allowed band gap possesses higher absorption capacity than cubic diamond Si, which makes it to be a promising candidate material for thin-film solar cell.

Epidemiological studies have shown that excessive intake of fructose is largely responsible for the increasing incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver, obesity, and diabetes. However, depending on the amount of fructose consumption from diet, the metabolic role of fructose is controversial. Recently, there have been increasing studies reporting that diets low in fructose expand the surface area of the gut and increase nutrient absorption in mouse model, which is widely used in fructose-related studies. However, excessive fructose consumption spills over from the small intestine into the liver for steatosis and increases the risk of colon cancer. Therefore, suitable animal models may be needed to study fructose-induced metabolic changes. Along with its use in global meat production, pig is well-known as a biomedical model with an advantage over murine and other animal models as it has similar nutrition and metabolism to human in anatomical and physiological aspects. Here, we review the characteristics and metabolism of fructose and summarize observations of fructose in pig reproduction, growth, and development as well as acting as a human biomedical model. This review highlights fructose metabolism from the intestine to the blood cycle and presents the critical role of fructose in pig, which could provide new strategies for curbing human metabolic diseases and promoting pig production.

When a sensor can resolve the members in a cluster, it is difficult to accurately track each target due to cooperative interaction among the targets. In this paper, we research the tracking problem of resolvable cluster targets with cooperative interaction. Firstly, we use the stochastic differential equation to model the cluster coordination rules, and the state equation of the single target in the cluster is derived. On this basis, a Bayes recursive filter tracking method based on the combination of the DBSCAN clustering algorithm and the $\delta $ -GLMB filter is proposed. In the $\delta $ -GLMB filter prediction stage, the DBSCAN algorithm is used to determine the cluster where the target is located in real time. Then, the collaborative noise of the target is estimated, which will be used as the input to correct the prediction state of the target. The simulation and experiment results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm when the cluster is splitting, merging, and in reorganization.

Objective To understand the status of microbial contamination in the production of pre-cooked food, provide a basis for the sanitary control of pre-cooked food enterprises, and to make recommendations for the formulation of related product hygiene specifications and standards. Methods From the 70 pre-cooked food enterprises in Hunan Province, 5 samples were stratified to detect the settling microbe in ambient air, the total coliform and the total number of colonies in the contact surface, the adjacent contact surface, and pre-cooked food samples. Results The total coliform and the total number of colonies in the ambient air of medium-sized enterprises and the surfaces and pre-cooked vegetable samples was higher (P

In past decades, meat quality traits have been shaped by human-driven selection in the process of genetic improvement programs. Exploring the potential genetic basis of artificial selection and mapping functional candidate genes for economic traits are of great significance in genetic improvement of pigs. In this study, we focus on investigating the genetic basis of five meat quality traits, including intramuscular fat content (IMF), drip loss, water binding capacity, pH at 45 min (pH45min), and ultimate pH (pH24h). Through making phenotypic gradient differential population pairs, Wright’s fixation index (FST) and the cross-population extended haplotype homozogysity (XPEHH) were applied to detect selection signatures for these five traits. Finally, a total of 427 and 307 trait-specific selection signatures were revealed by FST and XPEHH, respectively. Further bioinformatics analysis indicates that some genes, such as USF1, NDUFS2, PIGM, IGSF8, CASQ1, and ACBD6, overlapping with the trait-specific selection signatures are responsible for the phenotypes including fat metabolism and muscle development. Among them, a series of promising trait-specific selection signatures that were detected in the high IMF subpopulation are located in the region of 93544042-95179724bp on SSC4, and the genes harboring in this region are all related to lipids and muscle development. Overall, these candidate genes of meat quality traits identified in this analysis may provide some fundamental information for further exploring the genetic basis of this complex trait.

Molybdenum carbide (Mo2C) with a Pt-like d-band electron structure exhibits certain activities for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions (ORR/OER) in alkaline solutions, but it is questioned due to its poor OER stability. Combining Mo2C with transition metals alloy is a feasible way to stabilize its electrochemical activity. Herein, CoFe-Prussian blue analogues are used as a precursor to compound with graphitic carbon nitride and Mo6+ to synthesize FeCo alloy and Mo2C co-encapsulated N-doped carbon (NG-CoFe/Mo2C). The morphology of NG-CoFe/Mo2C (800 °C) shows that CoFe/Mo2C heterojunctions are well wrapped by N-doped graphitic carbon. Carbon coating not only inhibits growth and agglomeration of Mo2C/CoFe, but also enhances corrosion resistance of NG-CoFe/Mo2C. NG-CoFe/Mo2C (800 °C) exhibits an excellent half-wave potential (E1/2 = 0.880 V) for ORR. It also obtains a lower OER overpotential (325 mV) than RuO2 due to the formation of active species (CoOOH/β-FeOOH, as indicated by in-situ X-ray diffraction tests). E1/2 shifts only 6 mV after 5000 ORR cycles, while overpotential for OER increases only 19 mV after 1000 cycles. ORR/OER performances of NG-CoFe/Mo2C (800 °C) are close to or better than those of many recently reported catalysts. It provides an interfacial engineering strategy to enhance the intrinsic activity and stability of carbides modified by transition-metals alloy for oxygen electrocatalysis.