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3,3′-(Oxidi-2,1-ethanediyl)bis[1-methyl-imidazolium] dihexafluorophosphate ([C4O(mim)2][PF6]2) was synthesized and confirmed with 1H NMR and FT-IR. The thermal stability of [C4O(mim)2][PF6]2 was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. Using the dynamic method, the solubility of [C4O(mim)2][PF6]2 in five different pure solvents (water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, and acetonitrile) and binary mixtures (water + DMF) was measured at the temperature range from (283.00 to 323.00 K) at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of [C4O(mim)2][PF6]2 in those selected solvents increased with increasing temperature and DMF contents, but the rate of solubility is different. The experimental data were correlated with the modified Apelblat equation. Also, the solubility of [C4O(mim)2][PF6]2 and [C6O2(mim)2][PF6]2 was been compared in the same solvent.

An amino-terminated aliphatic hyperbranched polymer (HBP-NH2) was used to modify ramie fabric. The molecular weight of HBP-NH2 was established by GPC. HBP-NH2 structure might represent as BA4BA3BA3 (third generation). The total amine value, secondary amine value and primary amine value of HBP-NH2 were 291.59, 210.14 and 81.45 mg/g respectively with hydrochloric acid—ethanol titration method. The unmodified and modified ramie fabrics were characterized by XRD and FE-SEM. XRD results showed a transformation of crystalline structure from ramie cellulose I to cellulose II allomorph during mercerization and epichlorohydrin modification, and the crystalline structure of cellulose II maintained with obvious crystallinity index increase after HBP-NH2 modification. Nitrogen content of HBP-NH2 modified fabrics were 1.25–2.61 %. Cationization degree (DC) of HBP-NH2 modified ramie fabrics were 4.41–9.40 %. C.I. Reactive Red 2 was applied to study the dyeing performance of modified fabrics. The modification parameters were optimized as 50 °C for 5 h when the concentration of HBP-NH2 was 8 g/L. K/S value and dye uptake of modified fabric was 23.64 and 85.6 % respectively under optimal modification conditions. The washing, rubbing and light fastness of modified ramie fabrics were acceptable. The tensile strength and tear strength of HBP-NH2 modified ramie fabrics were lower than those of unmodified fabrics. The warp, weft of tensile and tear strength retention of modified fabrics were between 85.23 and 87.50 %. The HBP-NH2 modification mechanism and dyeing mechanism on ramie fabric were suggested.

The chemical structure of a new gemini dicationic imidazolium ionic liquid, 1,1′-[1,2-ethanediylbis(oxy-1,2-ethanediyl)]bis-[3-methyl-1H-imidazolium-1-yl] dihexafluorophosphate ([C6O2(mim)2][PF6]2), was established by 1HNMR. The thermal stability of [C6O2(mim)2][PF6]2 was studied with differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analyses. With the use of the analytical stirred-flask method at atmospheric pressure, the solubilities of [C6O2(mim)2][PF6]2 in water, methanol, ethanol, dimethylformamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, and (acetone + water) binary solvent mixtures were measured from (283.00 to 323.00) K. The experimental data was correlated with the modified Apelblat equation.

This analysis details manufacturers’ choices of self-service and outsourcing service modes, and the factors which influence manufacturers’ mode selection and pricing decisions, such as customer distribution for high-end and low-end markets, customer utility evaluation and transfer costs are analyzed in the frame work of the Hotelling model. The results indicate that customer utility evaluation for manufacturers’ self-service mode should be enhanced when manufacturers select this mode. And it is important for manufacturers who choose outsourcing service mode to improve service quality considering customer personal needs, expand differentiation of outsourcing services.

Gemini imidazolium ionic liquid, 3,3'-[1,2-ethanediylbis (oxy-2,1-ethanediyl)]-bis[1-methyl-imidazolium]-dibromide ([C6O2(mim)2][Br]2), was used for the dissolution and regeneration of white hide powder (from pigskin), and blend white hide powder with cellulose for the easy production of white hide powder/cellulose composite. Dissolution performance of white hide powder in [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 was studied. The native white hide powder and [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 regenerated white hide powder were characterized by FT-IR, XRD, DSC-TG and FE-SEM. The results showed that [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 was a good solvent to white hide powder. The dissolution time was 55 min when the white hide powder was 8% at 120°C. The dissolution time of [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 for white hide powder was shorter than those of common ionic liquids. The triple helical structure of white hide powder was partly destroyed during [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 dissolution. The possible mechanism of white hide powder dissolution in [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2 and the regeneration of white hide powder in methanol had been proposed. White hide powder/cellulose composites were successfully dissolved in [C6O2(mim)2][Br]2. The performance of white hide powder/cellulose film was measured by FT-IR and TG. The tensile strength, and elongation at break of white hide powder/cellulose composite films were tested. This work demonstrated that the white hide powder/cellulose composite exhibited some potential in collagen-based tissue engineering.

On the basis of hybrid optical-digital power spectrum analysis methods and statistical pattern recognition technology, the pattern recognition method of the dactylogram and similar items are investigated. Two class fingerprints with different dactylotype were studied experimentally. The experimental results are satisfactory.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.