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OX2 (X=halogen) molecules was studied theoretically. Calculation results show that delocalized [Formula: see text] bonds exist in their electronic structures and O atoms adopt the sp2 type of hybridization, which violates the prediction of the valence shell electron pair repulsion theory of sp3 type. Delocalization stabilization energy is proposed to measure the contribution of delocalized [Formula: see text] bond to energy decrease and proves to bring extra-stability to the molecule. These phenomena can be summarized as a kind of coordinating effect.

In summer in 2020, Pinellia ternata in many planting areas in Hubei suffered from serious southern blight, as manifested by the yellowing and wilted leaves and rotten tubers. This study aims to identify the pathogen, clarify the biological characteristics of the pathogen, and screen fungicides. To be specific, the pathogen was isolated, purified, and identified, and the pathogenicity was detected according to the Koch's postulates. Moreover, the biological characteristics of the pathogen were analyzed. Furthermore, PDA plates and seedlings were used to determine the most effective fungicides. The results showed that the mycelia of the pathogen were white and villous with silk luster, which produced a large number of white to black brown sclerotia. The pathogen was identified as Athelia rolfsii by morphological observation and molecular identification based on LSU and TEF gene sequences. The optimum growth conditions for A. rolfsii were 30 ℃ and pH 5-8, and the optimum conditions for the germination of sclerotia were 25 ℃ and pH 7-9. Bacillus subtilis, difenoconazole, and flusilazole were identified as effective fungicides with PDA, and their half maximal effective concentration(EC_(50)) was all less than 5 mg·L~(-1). The effective fungicides screened with the seedlings were hymexazol and difenoconazole. Based on the screening experiments, difenoconazole can be used as the main agent for the prevention and treatment of southern blight.

Purpose The aim of this study was to establish individualized nomograms to predict survival outcomes in older female patients with stage IV breast cancer who did or did not undergo local surgery, and to determine which patients could benefit from surgery. Methods A total of 3,129 female patients with stage IV breast cancer aged ≥70 years between 2010 and 2015 were included in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results program. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS). Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan–Meier plot and log-rank test. Nomograms and risk stratification models were constructed. Results Patients who underwent surgery had better OS (HR = 0.751, 95% CI [0.668–0.843], P, Graphical abstract Image 1, Highlights • The effect of surgery in older patients with stage IV breast cancer (BC) is discussed. • The proportion of older patients with stage IV BC who underwent surgery declined. • A specific group of older patients with stage IV BC can benefit from surgery. • Nomograms can be used to predict the prognosis of older patients with stage IV BC.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common hematologic tumor characterized by malignant proliferation of clonal plasma cells, the exact pathogenesis of which is not yet fully understood. The extracellular vesicles (EV) are structures released by cells into their surroundings that do not have a functional nucleus and can communicate between cells or deliver biologically active proteins and nucleic acids to target cells. EV play an important role in the interaction between myeloma cells and the bone marrow microenvironment, and they can promote MM progression. In this paper, we summarize the recent research progress in the mechanism of action of EV on MM in order to provide inspiration for exploring new strategies for MM treatment and prognostic stratification.细胞外囊泡在多发性骨髓瘤中作用机制的研究进展.多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是一种以克隆性浆细胞恶性增殖为特征的常见血液系统肿瘤，其具体发病机制目前尚未完全清晰。细胞外囊泡（EV）是细胞释放到其周围环境中的一种不具有功能性细胞核的结构，可在细胞间通讯或将具有生物活性的蛋白质、核酸传递给靶细胞。EV在MM细胞与骨髓微环境的相互作用中起到了重要的作用，能促进MM进展。本文就EV对MM的作用机制最新研究进展作一综述，以期为MM 治疗及预后分层探索新的策略提供启发.

Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) has proven to be highly effective in the global effort to eradicate poliomyelitis because of its ability to induce both humoral and intestinal immunity, ease of administration, and low cost (1). Sabin-strain OPV contains live attenuated virus and induces immunity by replicating in the intestinal tract, triggering an immune response that clears the vaccine virus. However, among undervaccinated communities and persons with immunodeficiency, OPV mutations that arise during prolonged replication can result in the emergence of genetically divergent, neurovirulent vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs). In addition, OPV has resulted in rare cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) among vaccine recipients or their close contacts (1). Identification of circulating polioviruses relies on surveillance of acute flaccid paralysis (AFP) and environmental surveillance of wastewater (i.e., sewage). In 2022, type 3 VDPV (VDPV3) was detected in stool specimens from an infant with primary immunodeficiency disorder (PID) through a pilot surveillance program to identify VDPVs in children with PIDs. Integrated AFP, environmental, and immunodeficiency-associated VDPV (iVDPV) surveillance is critical to detecting and containing all polioviruses and achieving the goal of global polio eradication.

We investigated the material properties of Cremonese soundboards using a wide range of spectroscopic, microscopic, and chemical techniques. We found similar types of spruce in Cremonese soundboards as in modern instruments, but Cremonese spruces exhibit unnatural elemental compositions and oxidation patterns that suggest artificial manipulation. Combining analytical data and historical information, we may deduce the minerals being added and their potential functions—borax and metal sulfates for fungal suppression, table salt for moisture control, alum for molecular crosslinking, and potash or quicklime for alkaline treatment. The overall purpose may have been wood preservation or acoustic tuning. Hemicellulose fragmentation and altered cellulose nanostructures are observed in heavily treated Stradivari specimens, which show diminished second‐harmonic generation signals. Guarneri's practice of crosslinking wood fibers via aluminum coordination may also affect mechanical and acoustic properties. Our data suggest that old masters undertook materials engineering experiments to produce soundboards with unique properties., ICP‐MS is used to identify the unique mineral recipe used by Antonio Stradivari to treat his spruce wood, the material for the violin top plate. Chemical manipulation led to hemicellulose fragmentation and cellulose rearrangement. Incorporating engineered wood may contribute to the unique tonal qualities of these acclaimed instruments.

To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) mind-body therapies in patients with neuropathic pain.This systematic review was undertaken according to the PRISMA 2020 statement.We searched randomized controlled trials (RCTs) in seven English databases and four Chinese databases up to March 2022.The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 was used for the quality assessment, and the mean difference with a 95% confidence interval for data pooling. The review was registered in the INPLASY (INPLASY202240016).Twenty-three RCTs were identified, including 1,693 patients with lumbar herniated discs (LHD), cervical spondylotic radiculopathy (CSR), sympathetic cervical spondylosis (SCS), trigeminal neuralgia, and central poststroke pain. Pooled results showed that for LHD, TCM mind-body therapy used alone (MD: -0.57, [-0.77, -0.36], P＜0.01, week 8) or combined with physiotherapy (MD: -1.02, [-1.12, -0.91], P＜0.01, week 4) showed advantages over physiotherapy alone on pain relief. However, there was no statistical difference on physical function. For CSR, TCM mind-body movement combined with physiotherapy had better effect than physiotherapy alone on pain relief (MD: -1.15, [-1.37, -0.94], P＜0.01, week 4). Six trials reported safety. Nausea, dizziness, fatigue, and pain at the acupuncture point were observed.Low-quality evidence showed that TCM mind-body therapies might reduce pain intensity and improve physical function when used as an adjuvant therapy or monotherapy. There is a need to conduct high-quality trials to confirm the effectiveness and safety of TCM mind-body therapies for neuropathic pain.

Tungstotellurate(VI)-coated magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) were prepared by immobilization of tungstotellurate(VI) salt onto the surface of branched polyethyleneimine (PEI)-modified magnetic nanoparticles via electrostatic interaction. The structure and composition of TeW@MNP were confirmed by characterization with FT-IR, EDS and SEM. The obtained TeW@MNP composite had proven to be a promising adsorbent for the adsorption of ovalbumin in egg whites. Approximately 0.5 mg of TeW@MNP composite gave rise to a maximum adsorption efficiency of 91.6% for 100 μg mL–1 ovalbumin in 200 mL of sample solution at pH 4.0 (BR buffer). The retained ovalbumin was readily recovered by using 0.1% SDS as a stripping reagent, providing a recovery of 98.1%. The adsorption behavior of ovalbumin fitted Langmuir model, corresponding to a theoretical adsorption capacity of 373 mg g–1. The TeW@MNP composite was practically applied to the selective isolation of ovalbumin from egg whites, and SDS-PAGE assay results clearly indicated that the ovalbumin with high purity was obtained. The above experimental results illustrated the great application potentials of polyoxometalates for protein isolation and purification and extended the application scope of polyoxometalates in life science field.

Some studies have suggested that early surgical treatment can effectively improve the prognosis of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality, but no research has focused on the development of a prognostic model of cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. This retrospective analysis included 43 patients with cervical spinal cord injury without radiological abnormality. Seven potential factors were assessed: age, sex, external force strength causing damage, duration of disease, degree of cervical spinal stenosis, Japanese Orthopaedic Association score, and physiological cervical curvature. A model was established using multiple binary logistic regression analysis. The model was evaluated by concordant profiling and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Bootstrapping was used for internal validation. The prognostic model was as follows: logit(P) = -25.4545 + 21.2576VALUE + 1.2160SCORE - 3.4224TIME, where VALUE refers to the Pavlov ratio indicating the extent of cervical spinal stenosis, SCORE refers to the Japanese Orthopaedic Association score (0-17) after the operation, and TIME refers to the disease duration (from injury to operation). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve for all patients was 0.8941 (95% confidence interval, 0.7930-0.9952). Three factors assessed in the predictive model were associated with patient outcomes: a great extent of cervical stenosis, a poor preoperative neurological status, and a long disease duration. These three factors could worsen patient outcomes. Moreover, the disease prognosis was considered good when logit(P) ≥ -2.5105. Overall, the model displayed a certain clinical value. This study was approved by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (approval number: 2018063) on May 8, 2018.

After implantation, complex and highly specialized molecular events render functionally distinct organ formation, whereas how the epigenome shapes organ-specific development remains to be fully elucidated. Here, Nano-hmC-Seal and RNA bisulfite sequencing (RNA-BisSeq) were performed and the first multilayer landscapes of both DNA 5hmC and RNA m5C epigenome, as well as the accompanying transcriptome were obtained, in the heart, kidney, liver and lung of the human foetuses at 13 − 28 weeks with 123 samples in total. DNA 5hmC plays a consistently leading role, while RNA m5C acts as a dynamic downstream regulatory valve in regulating gene expression with a turning point of 18–19 weeks. Although, these modifications appear to coordinate in general, they also play different roles with regard to specific functions. Our integrated studies illustrate the epigenetic maps during different stages of human foetal organogenesis, which provide a foundation for understanding the in-depth epigenetic mechanisms for early development and birth defects.

Asthma, a well-known disease with high morbidity, is characterized by chronic airway inflammation. However, the allergic inflammation mechanisms of follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) have not been elucidated. This study aims to investigate the effects of FSTL1 in ovalbumin (OVA)-induced mice and macrophages on nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3)/interleukin-1β (IL-1β) signaling pathway.Mice were randomly divided into control-WT, OVA-WT, control-Fstl1The present results uncovered that Fstl1The study results showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3/IL-1β. Hence, inhibition FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic agent against asthma.

Background Neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the breast is a very rare malignant tumor whose clinic pathological features and prognosis are not well defined. The aim of this study was to compare the clinic pathological features and clinical outcome between breast neuroendocrine carcinoma and breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and to know the independent prognostic risk factors of NEC.Method Patients with breast NEC and breast IDC were identified through the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database from 2010 to 2015. Then we compared the clinic pathological features and outcome between the two cohorts. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to balance the effects of baseline clinic pathological differences. Potential prognostic factors of breast NEC were identified by the univariate and multivariate Cox analysis.Results In total, we identified 208 patients with breast NEC and 275,878 cases with breast IDC.Compared with IDC, NEC was significantly correlated with higher stage, larger tumor size, more distant transfers and no population of HER2 enriched subtype. There were significant differences on the choice of treatment therapy between NEC and IDC (p=0.000). More patients chose not to undergo surgery (35.1% vs. 9.0%), and fewer patients chose breast conserving surgery than IDC patients (32.2% vs. 51.1%). Compared with IDC patients, NEC patients were more likely to choose chemotherapy (p=0.039) and more conservative in radiotherapy (p=0.000). The 66-month overall survival (OS) rate in NEC and IDC was 44.5% and 80.2% before PSM and was 49.8% and 71.4% after PSM, respectively. The 66-month breast cancer specific survival (BCSS) rate in NEC and IDC was 56.3% and 88.8% before PSM and was 54.1% and 80.5% after PSM, respectively. Finally, we identified independent prognostic factors, age, stage, pathological type, distant metastasis, chemotherapy, and molecular typing. Conclusions Breast NEC has distinct clinic pathological features and a significantly worse clinical outcome than common IDC.

Background Asthma is a common respiratory disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. As a novel inflammatory mediator, follistatin-like protein 1 (FSTL1) can activate immune reaction, suggesting that it may contribute to inflammatory disorders such as asthma. Besides, there are growing evidences that nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat protein 3 (NLRP3) / Interleukin (IL)-1β axis participates in asthma. In this study, we investigated the role of FSTL1 in allergic airway inflammation and its underlying mechanism of activating NLRP3 inflammasome. Methods Circulating FSTL1 and IL-1β levels were quantified in serum of asthmatic patients and controls. Whole-body ablation Fstl1 heterozygous mice (Fstl1 +/- ) and control group were assessed after the experimental treatment. The effects of FSTL1 on NLRP3 inflammasome were also tested in primary macrophages of mice in vitro. Results The concentration of FSTL1 and IL-1β in serum of asthmatic patients were elevated compared with controls and were positively correlated. FSTL1 deficiency ameliorated infiltration of inflammatory cells,corresponding pathological changes,cytokine responses (IL-1β, IL-5,IL-13), mucous hypersecretion and hyper-responsiveness of airway after Ovalbumin (OVA) exposure in the mouse model. Additionally, inhibition of NLRP3 with MCC950 attenuated FSTL1-induced activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and airway inflammation in vivo and vitro. Conclusions Our data showed that FSTL1 played an important role in allergic airway inflammation by activating NLRP3 inflammasome, providing the possibility that FSTL1 could be applied as a therapeutic strategy on asthma.

5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification identified in both stable and highly abundant tRNAs and rRNAs, and in mRNAs. However, its regulatory role in mRNA metabolism is still largely unknown. Here, we reveal that m5C modification is enriched in CG-rich regions and in regions immediately downstream of translation initiation sites and has conserved, tissue-specific and dynamic features across mammalian transcriptomes. Moreover, m5C formation in mRNAs is mainly catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2, and m5C is specifically recognized by the mRNA export adaptor ALYREF as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. NSUN2 modulates ALYREF's nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, RNA-binding affinity and associated mRNA export. Dysregulation of ALYREF-mediated mRNA export upon NSUN2 depletion could be restored by reconstitution of wild-type but not methyltransferase-defective NSUN2. Our study provides comprehensive m5C profiles of mammalian transcriptomes and suggests an essential role for m5C modification in mRNA export and post-transcriptional regulation.

Glass hollow fiber membrane precursor was well prepared using glass and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as starting materials by non-solvent-induced phase separation. The spinning dope including glass powders and PVDF was obtained firstly. Then the hollow fiber membrane precursors were spinning via dry-wet spinning method. The parameters about preparation process were listed. The viscosity of spinning dope were also measured. The results showed that the viscosity increased with a function of the content of PVDF. The suitable viscosity for spinning technology was selected. The scanning electron microscopy showed that the glass powders with the diameter of several micrometer were connected by PVDF binder. The water flux was also tested, and it decreased with the time. The preparation technology of glass hollow fiber membrane precursor could provide support for the glass hollow fiber membrane via sintering process.

Copy number variation (CNV) is a form of genetic variation caused by genome rearrangement, with abnormal fragments ranging from 50 bp to Mb. And, CNV is closely related to disease, growth and reproductive shape of livestock. As a member of myosin light chain kinase (

To investigate the diagnosis value of white blood cell (WBC) count, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum procalcitonin (PCT) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels for early infection after posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty. Discover, prevent, and treat postoperative infections promptly.The clinical data of 120 patients with early fever after posterior cervical laminoplasty from January 2010 to April 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the results of bacteriological culture of wound exudate, the patients were divided into infected group(53 cases) and non-infected group(67 cases). In infection group, there were 32 males and 21 females, aged from 48 to 63 years old, with an average of(52.28±6.36) years. In non-infected group, there were 37 males and 30 females, aged from 46 to 62 years old, with an average of(51.63±5.82) years. According to the postoperative infection types, the patients in infection group were divided into 30 cases of deep surgical site infection group and 23 cases of superficial surgical site infection group. In deep surgical site infection group, there were 19 males and 11 females, aged from 50 to 63 years old with an average of (53.16±5.62) years. In superficial surgical site infection group, there were 13 males and 10 females, aged from 48 to 61 years old with an average of (52.15±5.68) years. WBC count, CRP, PCT and ESR serum infection indexes were compared between groups and within groups before and after surgery. The serum infective index data of 120 patients were collected and the sensitivity and specificity of the serum infectious index were used to diagnose the infection. Accuracy assessment of early infection diagnosis of WBC count, CRP, PCT and ESR serum infection indexes by plotting the receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve with 1-specificity as the abscissa and sensitivity as the ordinate.There were no significant difference in WBC count, CRP, PCT and ESR serum infection indexes between infected group and non-infected group before operation(WBC count, CRP, PCT and ESR serum infection indexes can be used for the diagnosis of early infection after posterior cervical expansive open-door laminoplasty. In addition, the comprehensive analysis of the changes of the four infection indexes can be used for the identification of different postoperative infection types. WBC count index is less accurate for early infection diagnosis, and CRP, PCT, and ESR indexes are more accurate for early infection diagnosis. In general, CRP, PCT and ESR serum infection indexes have important clinical significance for the diagnosis of early infection after posterior cervical open-door laminoplasty, which helps clinicians to detect early postoperative infection as early as possible to facilitate subsequent treatment.

Spruce is the commonly-used tonewood for the top plate of violin-family instruments, such as violins and cellos. The wood properties can critically determine the acoustic quality. It’s been shown the wood of famous old instruments differ from modern ones due to chemical treatment and aging. To reveal the differences microscopically in both spatial and spectral domains, a two-photon hyperspectral system has been applied to investigate the autofluorescence and second harmonic generation within wood samples. Not only the cellular structures were observed through optical sectioning, but the spectral variations were revealed among different age wood samples and different cellular structures.

The glass membrane was fabricated by non-solvent-induced phase separation (NIPS) and sintering technique. The preparation process was studied. PVDF was dissolved into DMAc completed. Subsequently, the used glass powder was added into above aqueous solution. The obtained slurry was tape-casted and a green membrane formed. The green membrane was immersed into coagulation bath. The exchange between DMAc and water in coagulation bath took place, and PVDF-containing glass membrane was obtained. The membrane was calcined at different temperature, and the glass membrane was prepared. In order to evaluate the porosity of membrane, many factors including water content in coagulation bath, PVDF content in slurry, coagulation bath temperature and calcination temperature were studied. The viscosity of slurry and shrinkage of membrane after calcination were also studied.

Engineering support operations are characterized by diverse tasks, dispersed regions, complex command coordination, many points, long lines and wide areas. It has been difficult to model and evaluate its capability comprehensively. In this paper, according to the characteristics, the index system of support capability of synthetic Force project is constructed, and the support capability of synthetic Force project is analysed and evaluated by combining multi-level grey relational analysis theory and AHP. An evaluation method is put forward and verified by an example. Compared with the past models and methods, they are simple to operate, applicable and scientific in conclusion. It is convenient to analyze and compare the support capacity of multiple units. It can provide support and basis for the development of engineering support capacity construction and scientific assessment of synthetic Force.

Electronic warfare in battlefield is a dynamic game process with incomplete information, in which there are not only complex technical factors, but also a lot of uncertain factors, fuzzy factors or human factors, so it is difficult to model and evaluate its capability. In this paper, the index system of the electronic countermeasure capability of the synthetic army is established, and a method of multi-level grey relational analysis and AHP is used to analyse and evaluate the electronic countermeasure capability of the synthetic army. A complete set of evaluation method steps is put forward and verified by an example. Compared with the past models and methods, they are easy to operate, applicable and scientific in conclusion, which is convenient to analyse and evaluate the electronic countermeasures capability of multiple units. It is of great theoretical significance and practical value for the development of electronic countermeasure capability construction and scientific assessment and evaluation of synthetic forces.

5-methylcytosine (m5C) is a post-transcriptional RNA modification identified in both stable and highly abundant tRNAs and rRNAs, and in mRNAs. However, its regulatory role in mRNA metabolism is still largely unknown. Here, we reveal that m5C modification is enriched in CG-rich regions and in regions immediately downstream of translation initiation sites and has conserved, tissue-specific and dynamic features across mammalian transcriptomes. Moreover, m5C formation in mRNAs is mainly catalyzed by the RNA methyltransferase NSUN2, and m5C is specifically recognized by the mRNA export adaptor ALYREF as shown by in vitro and in vivo studies. NSUN2 modulates ALYREF's nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling, RNA-binding affinity and associated mRNA export. Dysregulation of ALYREF-mediated mRNA export upon NSUN2 depletion could be restored by reconstitution of wild-type but not methyltransferase-defective NSUN2. Our study provides comprehensive m5C profiles of mammalian transcriptomes and suggests an essential role for m5C modification in mRNA export and post-transcriptional regulation.

The maternal-to-zygotic transition (MZT) is a conserved and fundamental process during which the maternal environment is converted to an environment of embryonic-driven development through dramatic reprogramming. However, how maternally supplied transcripts are dynamically regulated during MZT remains largely unknown. Herein, through genome-wide profiling of RNA 5-methylcytosine (m5C) modification in zebrafish early embryos, we found that m5C-modified maternal mRNAs display higher stability than non-m5C-modified mRNAs during MZT. We discovered that Y-box binding protein 1 (Ybx1) preferentially recognizes m5C-modified mRNAs through π-π interactions with a key residue, Trp45, in Ybx1's cold shock domain (CSD), which plays essential roles in maternal mRNA stability and early embryogenesis of zebrafish. Together with the mRNA stabilizer Pabpc1a, Ybx1 promotes the stability of its target mRNAs in an m5C-dependent manner. Our study demonstrates an unexpected mechanism of RNA m5C-regulated maternal mRNA stabilization during zebrafish MZT, highlighting the critical role of m5C mRNA modification in early development.