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Objective To evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of a diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type b (DTaP/Hib) combined vaccination at different inoculation sites. Methods From September 2015 to March 2016 in Nanping city of Fujian province, China, a total of 164 infants aged 3 months were enrolled and assigned into three groups randomly for inoculations with 3 doses of the DTaP/Hib combined vaccine at 3-, 4-, and 5-month of age at three injection sites including deltoid muscle of upper arm, anterolateral thigh muscle and gluteal muscle. Follow-up observations on adverse effects after each dose of the vaccinations were conducted among all the infants and blood samples were collected before the first dose and 28 days after basic immunization for the detection on immunogenicity. ResultsThe incidence of adverse reactions was low after inoculations of DTaP/Hib combined vaccine at the three different injection sites, and there was no significant difference in the incidence among the infants of the three groups; there were also no significant disparities in positive rate, seroconversion rate, geometric mean concentration and geometric mean increase (GMI) for antibodies among the three groups, except for an observed higher GMI of diphtheria antibody in the infants with the injections into anterolateral thigh muscle than that in the infants with the injections into gluteal muscle. Conclusion Deltoid muscle of upper arm, anterolateral thigh muscle and gluteal muscle all could be used as injection sites for the inoculation of DTaP/Hib combined vaccine and the injection sites do not affect the immunogenicity and safety of the vaccine.

Ang II has been involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) induced migration of human aortic smooth muscle cells (HASMCs) is the most common and basic pathological feature. Carbon monoxide (CO), a byproduct of heme breakdown by heme oxygenase, exerts anti-inflammatory effects in various tissues and organ systems. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects and underlying mechanisms of carbon monoxide releasing molecule-2 (CORM-2) on Ang II-induced MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs. Ang II significantly up-regulated MMP-9 expression and cell migration of HASMCs, which was inhibited by transfection with siRNA of p47phox, Nox2, Nox4, p65, angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and pretreatment with the inhibitors of NADPH oxidase, ROS, and NF-κB. In addition, Ang II also induced NADPH oxidase/ROS generation and p47phox translocation from the cytosol to the membrane. Moreover, Ang II-induced oxidative stress and MMP-9-dependent cell migration were inhibited by pretreatment with CORM-2. Finally, we observed that Ang II induced IL-6 release in HASMCs via AT1R, but not AT2R, which could further caused MMP-9 secretion and cell migration. Pretreatment with CORM-2 reduced Ang II-induced IL-6 release. In conclusion, CORM-2 inhibits Ang II-induced HASMCs migration through inactivation of suppression of NADPH oxidase/ROS generation, NF-κB inactivation and IL-6/MMP-9 expression. Thus, application of CO, especially CORM-2, is a potential countermeasure to reverse the pathological changes of various cardiovascular diseases. Further effects aimed at identifying novel antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances protective for heart and blood vessels that targeting CO and establishment of well-designed in vivo models properly evaluating the efficacy of these agents are needed. Keywords: Angiotensin II, Carbon monoxide, Human aortic smooth muscle cell, Inflammation, Matrix metallopeptidase-9

Objective: To understand the epidemic status of human intestinal parasitic diseases and evaluate the effect of the control program in Nanping City, so as to provide an evidence for improving the disease control., Methods: The villages were selected by the stratified cluster sampling method and the residents in these villages were surveyed for human intestinal parasitic diseases, and kindergartens were also selected and the children in these kindergartens were surveyed for Enterobius vermicularis infection., Results: In 2007, before the control program, 9 851 residents of Nanping City were surveyed, with the parasitic infection rate of 9.10% (896 infection cases), and the infection rate of E. vermicularis of children was 18.56% (328/1 767). From 2011 to 2014, when the control program was performed, 4 679 residents were surveyed, with the infection rate of 4.06% (190 infection cases), and the infection rate of E. vermicularis of children was 3.87% (33/853). After the control program was launched, the infection rates of human intestinal parasites were decreased. The overall parasitic infection rate and hookworm infection rate showed increasing trends by age ( χ 2 = 49.03 and 53.58 respectively, both P < 0.01)., Conclusions: The infection situation of human intestinal parasites is decreased after the implementation of the control program but the infection rate is still at a high level, and the control work should be strengthened.