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Introduction: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis (IGM) is a rare, benign, chronic breast condition that can cause repeated abscesses or mass formation in bilateral breasts. The condition can severely impact the quality of life of affected women. This study aims to evaluate effective treatment modalities, as well as understand the demographics and clinical presentation of patients with IGM. Methods: An 11-year retrospective review was performed of patients diagnosed with IGM from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018 at a tertiary breast unit. Results: A total of 77 patients were included in the study. The median age at presentation was 36 years old. IGM presented most commonly as a breast lump (98.1%). The median number of flares was 2 (1–12). Of the 77 patients, 68.8% (53) were treated with antibiotics, 50.6% (39) with steroids, and 44.2% (34) underwent surgery, in the course of their IGM treatment. Forty-five (59.2%) of the 76 patients with IGM required a multimodal treatment approach to achieve remission. There was no significant difference in the number of flares no matter the initial treatment (P=0.411), or subsequent treatment modality (P=0.343). Smokers had 10 times greater odds of having a “high flare” of IGM compared to those who did not smoke (P=0.031, odds ratio 10.444, 95% confidence interval 1.092–99.859). Conclusion: IGM is a clinical diagnosis. It is a rare, relapsing breast inflammatory condition that affects young females with no superior treatment modality. Smoking is associated with higher number of flares of IGM and should be discouraged in IGM patients Keywords: Breast inflammation, chronic mastitis, idiopathic granulomatous mastitis, recurrent breast abscess

Background: The hypothesis that breast cancer (BC) susceptibility variants are linked to chemotherapy-induced toxicity has been previously explored. Here, we investigated the association between a validated 313-marker-based BC polygenic risk score (PRS) and chemotherapy-induced neutropenia without fever and febrile neutropenia (FNc) in Asian BC patients. Methods: This observational case-control study of Asian BC patients treated with chemotherapy included 161 FNc patients, 219 neutropenia patients, and 936 patients who did not develop neutropenia. A continuous PRS was calculated by summing weighted risk alleles associated with overall, estrogen receptor- (ER-) positive, and ER-negative BC risk. PRS distributions neutropenia or FNc cases were compared to controls who did not develop neutropenia using two-sample t-tests. Odds ratios (OR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were estimated for the associations between PRS (quartiles and per standard deviation (SD) increase) and neutropenia-related outcomes compared to controls. Results: PRS distributions were not significantly different in any of the comparisons. Higher PRSoverall quartiles were negatively correlated with neutropenia or FNc. However, the associations were not statistically significant (PRS per SD increase OR neutropenia: 0.91 [0.79–1.06]; FNc: 0.87 [0.73–1.03]). No dose-dependent trend was observed for the ER-positive weighted PRS (PRSER-pos) and ER-negative weighted PRS (PRSER-neg). Conclusion: BC PRS was not strongly associated with chemotherapy-induced neutropenia or FNc.

This article aims to provide a detailed description of the Singapore Breast Cancer Cohort (SGBCC), an ongoing multi-ethnic cohort established with the overarching goal to identify genetic markers for breast cancer risk, prognosis and treatment response, as well as to understand the ethnic differences in disease risk and outcome in an Asian setting. The cohort comprises of breast cancer patients aged 21 years and above from six public hospitals which diagnose and treat nearly 76% breast cancer cases in Singapore. Self-reported data on sociodemographic and lifestyle, reproductive risk factors, medical history and family history of breast or ovarian cancer is collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical data on tumour characteristics, and treatment modalities are obtained through medical record. Bio-specimens (blood or saliva) is collected at recruitment. Follow-up on survival information is done through routine linkage with the Registry of Births and Deaths. As of 31 December 2016, 7,768 subjects have been recruited to the study with 76% subjects contributed bio-specimens. The SGBCC provides a valuable platform which offers a unique, large and rich resource for new research ideas on breast cancer related phenotypic risk factors and genetic markers.

Medical fraudulent activities have made medical insurance expenditures rise year by year. This not only increases the burden on the medical and financial system, but also makes it difficult for many people in need to obtain these resources. Therefore, how to solve this problem has become one of critical issues. Therefore, this study aims to establish a predictive model of medical insurance fraud through data mining methods, and attempts to discover important factors affecting fraud. In this work, we will use Decision Tree (DT), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and Back Propagation Neural Networks (BPN) to establish classification models. A comparison of these three methods will be done. And, we will use decision trees to extract important factors that could provide important information for effectively detect medical fraud. Hopefully, we can effectively reduce the negative impact of medical insurance fraud.

In this research, the laccase mediator system (LMS) was used to modify the unbleached triploid populus tomentosa alkaline hydrogen peroxide pulp (APMP). The changes of pulp brightness were measured and the effects of LMS on the subsequent hydrogen peroxide bleaching were also determined. Besides, the fiber morphology was analyzed by ESEM, and then the obvious changes of pulp have been recovered. In a word, the LMS has obvious effect on cellulose.

In this paper, the thermogravimetic (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves of deinking sludge from Huatai Group Co., Ltd were derived from tests of thermal gravimetric analyzer (TGA). Pyrolysis character and kinetics of deinking sludge were investigated using thermalanalysis. The result showed that the pyrolysis process was composed of three stages: water lose stage, organic decomposition and decomposition of residues. The dynamical model of this pyrolysis process could be expressed by three first-order parallel reaction. The kinetic parameters of pyrolysis reaction were calculated respectively by Coats-Redfern integration method, the effect of heating rate on the deinking sludge pyrolysis characteristics was discussed.

Membrane bioreactor is a combination of membrane and sewage biological treatment technology, which is the new wastewater treatment technology .In this paper, the effect of pH and NH3-N load on membrane bioreactor for wastewater treatment is studied. Through the use of artificial mixed wastewater experiments,the results are as follows:The effect of pH on the effluent COD is not obvious, on the removal of NH3-N is very large. Taking into account of removal of organics and NH3-N, the pH should be controlled at 8.0.The removal rate of NH3-N decreased significantly with the increase of the NH3-N load. When the NH3-N load is 0.023 Kg/m3· d, the removal rate reach the maximum value. In this case,the load of COD is 1.1 Kg/ m3.d.

Do the research of acidic zinc chloride treatment system to achieve poplar APMP with chemical swelling. The research showed that acidic zinc chloride can effectively swelling poplar APMP pulp, increase the fiber volume and loose the structure, acting concentrated in the amorphous region of the fiber which can help the penetration of chemicals and products of the dissolution. Because the differences of processing system pH and ionic effect, acidic zinc chloride combined alkaline hydrogen peroxide treatment can produce swelling synergistic effect.

The aim of this study was to investigate the surface composition and morphology of fast-growing Alkaline peroxide mechanical pulping (APMP). Surface ultrastructure of APMP were modified by cellulase. The fiber ultrastructure and cellulose crystallinity before and after treatment with cellulose enzyme were analyzed by Atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results showed that surface particle size can be reduced to 300nm and bump of fiber surface became obvious. According to the phase contrast image and topography, cell wall region separate clearly. The specific surface area of single fiber became bigger.

Introduction. Ambulatory surgery is not commonly practiced in Asia. A 23-hour ambulatory (AS23) service was implemented at our institute in March 2004 to allow more surgeries to be performed as ambulatory procedures. In this study, we reviewed the impact of the AS23 service on breast cancer surgeries and reviewed surgical outcomes, including postoperative complications, length of stay, and 30-day readmission.Methods. Retrospective review was performed of 1742 patients who underwent definitive breast cancer surgery from 1 March 2004 to 31 December 2010.Results. By 2010, more than 70% of surgeries were being performed as ambulatory procedures. Younger women (P<0.01), those undergoing wide local excision (P<0.01) and those with ductal carcinoma-in situ or early stage breast cancer (P<0.01), were more likely to undergo ambulatory surgery. Six percent of patients initially scheduled for ambulatory surgery were eventually managed as inpatients; a third of these were because of perioperative complications. Wound complications, 30-day readmission and reoperation rates were not more frequent with ambulatory surgery.Conclusion. Ambulatory breast cancer surgery is now the standard of care at our institute. An integrated workflow facilitating proper patient selection and structured postoperativee outpatient care have ensured minimal complications and high patient acceptance.

The layer-by-layer deposition technique was adopted in this paper to improve the physical strength properties of alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP). The cationic starch (CS), anionic polyacryamide (APAM) and cationic polyacryamide (CPAM) were chosen and used to build-up polyelectrolyte multilayers on surface of APMP fibers. The improvements of physical strength of pulp through adsorption of different polyelectrolyte onto fibers were discussed and compared. The results showed that when the APMP fibers were treated with CPAM, the breaking length and burst index were 53% and 83% respectively, higher than that of untreated pulp. The optimal treatment conditions are 60 mgCPAM/g pulp, 1.5% pulp concentration and 9min treatment time. The pulp deposited by CPAM-APAM polyelectrolyte multilayer gave a highest physical strength compared with pulp with other multilayer deposition such as CS-APAM. At the whole beating degree range investigated in this paper, the CPAM-APAM deposition on fiber surface can improve the physical strength properties significantly, especially when the beating degree is at 40oSR. In addition, the improvement of physical strength can be remained even after pulp refining.

The β-O-4 type model compound guaiacylglycerol-β-guaiacyl ether was treated with a Violuric acid (VIO) mediated electrochemical delignification system. GC-MS analysis were used to investigate the changes of chemical structure of β-O-4 type model compound during reaction. Mechanism of this electrochemical delignification was also explored. Results indicated that the electrochemical oxidation by VIO as a mediator had strong oxidation capability on degradation of β-O-4 type model compound. After degradation, a series of aromatic compounds containing single benzene ring, furan compounds and aliphatic compounds with small molecule were produced. From their structures, the following reactions were caused by electrochemical oxidation: ether-bond cleavage, Cα-Cβ cleavage and benzene ring cleavage. Corrsequently, this work provides a comprehensive information on electrochemical oxidation delignification system that could be applied to industrial nonpollution bleaching.

EGSB anaerobic reactor is used to treat the papermaking wastewater, and this paper explore the law of its quick start, HRT and operation cost. Results showed that, during the 47 days, at the condition of inlet COD concentration 2000mg/l, HRT 8h, ascending velocity 0.8m/h, gas output 3600L/d, the COD removal rate can reach up to 65%, and the operation cost is 0.75Yuan/t.

In this paper, the strains were separated from pulping effluent and aerobic sludge. The plate separation was used in process of separation and purification. During the selection process, six different strains were obtained according to the differences among the COD removal rates, growth curves, colony feature and characteristics of bacteria. The results of the degrading experiment of pulping effluent showed thatW3andS2had better performance among all of strains. COD of pulping effluent was decreased from 6960 mg/L to 3300 mg/L byW3, the removal rate is 51.87%. When the strainS2was used for the degradation of pulping effluent, COD value dropped from 6960 mg/L to 2860 mg/L, and the removal rate is 55.03%.

In this paper the two-stage method of enzyme-mild acidic hydrolysis was adopted to isolate lignin from the APMP(Alkaline Peroxide Mechanical Pulp),then the isolated lignin was treated with a laccase-mediator system(LMS).The phosphor magnetic resonance spectrum (31P-NMR) measurements and Infrared spectral analysis technology were chosen to analyze the structural changes of LMS-treated APMP residual lignin.

This paper compared the differences of laccase modified APMP and unmodified controlled trails to characterize laccase’s impacts on the whiteness, physical properties and fiber morphology of APMP. From this paper, we can see that after laccase modified, the whiteness of the APMP significantly reduced; physical properties of the APMP were reduced after the first enhanced with increasing the amount of laccase. when the amount of laccase was 2u/g, the physical properties of the APMP were best, the same time after 2u/g laccase treatment ,the surfaces of the pulp fibers engendered the devillicate and peeling.

Pulping wastewater was further degraded with original aerobic sludge and reinforced aerobic sludge, respectively. The results showed that the UV-vis spectral signal of wastewater treated by reinforced sludge was more weaker than that of treated by original sludge, which indicated biodegrability of aerobic sludge was optimized after reinforcement. For original sludge, COD of wastewater was decreased from 629 mg/L to 203 mg/L, and chroma decreased from 118 C.U. to 91 C.U. COD of wastewater which treated by reinforced sludge was reduced to 146 mg/L, and chroma dropped to 72 C.U. Meanwhile, the reaction kinetics of aerobic microbial process was studied, and the growth rate equations of two kinds of sludge were established. Keywords: pulping wastewater; aerobic sludge; kinetics; bioaugmentation

In this Paper the Two-Stage Method of Enzyme-Mild Acidic Hydrolysis was Adopted to Separate Lignin from the APMP and the Modified Pulp Samples.And then Analyze the Lignin Structure Changes of the Modified APMP Lignin by Laccase and LMS(laccase/mediator System). it was Found that no Oxidation Took Place on Carbohydrates in the LMS, and Lignin Cα Hydroxyl Oxidization Produce α Carbonyl and H2O2 Bleaching can also Oxidation of Lignin, make the Conjugate C = α Increase;the Syringyl Structure Hydroxyl Content Increase, the Lignin Structure Macromolecular Side Chain Fracturing; Laccase and LMS Oxidative Degradation Chromophoric Group Unsaturated C = O, which can Improve the Brightness of Pulp and Create Better Conditions for Unbleached Pulp.

The Chinese poplar was cooked by Conversational Soda-AQ in the study.The acid precipitation (pH to 4,pH to 2)was adopted to separate lignin from pulping black liquor,different lignin samples were acquired.The spectra of lignin structure was obtained by 31P-NMR.The functional groups in different lignin samples were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed through the spectra.The variation of lignin structure in Soda-AQ cooking was obtained by analyzing the spectra.The content of total phenolic OH is 4.85mmol/g in lignin DAL LdpH4;4.14mmol/g in lignin DAL LdpH2.

Anaerobic fermentation experiment was carried out with manure wastewater to produce biogas by using six parallel glass digesters system. Basic process conditions were chosen reference to previous studies. Based on the theory of methane fermentation, a prediction model was deduced, which can be used to forecast methane production according to a few of process parameters. In the experiment, two pivotal parameters involved in model were calculated, the sludge yield coefficient (YH) is 2.829×10-2and the sludge digestion coefficient (Kd) is 0.0215. The certain parameters, such as the oxygen equivalent (λ), the difference of COD between influent and effluent (D), the volume of fermentation broth (V), YHand Kdwere substituted into prediction model, and then got the methanogenesis dynamics model in the process of methane fermentation by manure wastewater.

Xylanase is effective and specificity to xylose catalytic degradation, and has strong adaptability. In this paper, effect of xylanase treatment on the drainge and physical properties of high yield pulp was studied. The results showed that, compared with the untreated high yield pulp .The brightness of the treated pulp increased 1.84 %ISO, light scattering coefficient alse increased, opacity coefficient decreased. Tearing index, breaking length and bursting index respectively increased by 15.7%,9.07% and 14.85%.

As textile industrial and glass paper-making materials, dissolving pulps are scarce in China and a great deal of dissolving pulps are imported in the recent years. Currently different fiber materials are tried to produce dissolving pulp in China. In this research work the hydrolysis parameters of the fast-growing poplar based dissolving pulp producing were investigated .And the chemical composition of pulp after hydrolysis were also analyzed, the experimental results showed that the optimal hydrolysis conditions were acid dosage in the range from 0.015% to 0.035%, wood-to-liquor ratio 1:6.5, and the temperature 130 °C. The pentosan content of the pulp after hydrolysis in this hydrolysis conditions was in range of 0.62%-23.16%, which decreased by 23.01%. And the cellulose content slightly changed.

The refining is the important stage in the APMP pulping process, and high temperature pulses generated in this stage make pulp fibers stiff and ankylosis, which can reduce the strength properties of the pulp. Latency removal is the best way to modify pulp fibers properties and improve their strength. This study focused on the effect of latency removal on the properties of the poplar APMP pulp. atency removal can improve effectively the physical properties of the APMP pulp,the breaking length of the latency removal pulp increased 3.06%, burst index increased 1.97%, tear index decreased 6.07%, and brightness increased by 0.38%ISO.in the 60°C. the breaking length of the latency removal pulp increased 11.80%, burst index increased 14.30%, tear index decreased 6.63%, and brightness increased by 0.77%ISO in the 80°C.

The effects of pretreatment by xylanase on properties of salix psammophila KP were researched in this paper.The effects of different dosage of enzyme on fibre morphology and paper properties were studied. The results showed that pulp properties can be improved by pretreatment with xylanase.The fibre average length increases after pretreatment, fines content decreased and brightness and physcial properties improved. Brightness and physcial properties improved and scattering coefficient,absorption coefficient and opacity decreased with dosage of enzyme increasing. But brightness and physcial properties decrease and scattering coefficient,absorption coefficient and opacity increases slightly when the dosage of enzyme beyond 10IUg-1.X-ray diffractometer analysis indicated that the degree of crystallinity of fibre increased after xylanase pretreatment.

Fast-growing Poplar cooked by Soda-AQ process was studied, by determining the lignin contents including Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin, the yield of pulping, the rate of carbohydtare degradation and the rate of delignification.Results indicated that the delignificaton of Fast-growing Poplar in Soda-AQ pulping can be divided into three distinguishable stages. (a)The initial delignification stage before 140°C,the rate of delignification reaches to 30.87%;(b)The bulk delignification stage, the rate of delignification reaches to 86.97%，in the period from 140°C to 170°C and for 30 min;(c)The residual delignification stage,the rate of delignification exceeds 91.60%. The defibration point was reached when cooking temperature raised to 170°C and for 30 min with 57.50% pulping yield ,24.94 kappa nomber.

we studied on the pulping properties of Salix Psammophila in different P-RC APMP pulping process at the same Chemicals dosage. Form the results we can see, compare with the One-stage P-RC APMP, the brightness, breaking length and bursting index of the Two-stage Salix Psammophila P-RC APMP were respectively improved by 8.34%ISO, 45.50% and 24.83%; the surface of fibre of the Salix Psammophila Two-stage P-RC APMP were more roughly and broken; the degree of the crystallinity of the cellulose of the two-stage P-RC APMP is improved by 3.57%; the content of the lignin of Two-stage Salix Psammophila P-RC APMP was reduced 7.01%.

Synergistic effect of xylanase and bleaching agent on bleaching properties of KP pulp was investigated. The combination of ClO2 chlorination, alkali extraction and ClO2 bleaching with xylanase was applied. Results showed that X/DED bleaching process could make full use of xylanase, xylan was degraded and the role of bleaching agent was accelerated which enhancing the chemical accessibility of xylanase. The coordination of the two parts improved bleaching effect significantly. But for DX/ED bleaching process, the brightness of bleached pulp treated with different xylanase treating time was very low or a little low, indicating the role of xylanase on pulp was very important for improving bleaching properties, and residual xylanase had little effect on improvement of alkaline extract. Effect of xylanase in ClO2 stage had little effect on bleaching effect of pulp, and brightness are near each other. When xylanase and ClO2 were added together, xylanase almost did not show its role in bleaching, and bleaching result was neat to that of DED process

In this paper, strengthened oxygen delignification of NaOH-AQ pulp of fast growing poplar with low kappa number (Kappa number 13.5, viscosity 851ml/g, brightness 37%ISO) was introduced. By changing different conditions of strengthened oxygen delignification: alkali dosage, temperature, time, oxygen pressure and assistant agent, etc., and detecting and analyzing the pulp kappa number, viscosity, brightness and delignification of the lignin after strengthened oxygen delignification, conditions better suitable for strengthened oxygen delignification of NaOH-AQ pulp was obtained: pulp consistency 10%, alkali dosage 2.5%, H2O2 dosage 3%, MgSO4 dosage 0.5%, oxygen pressure 0.6Mp, temperature 100°C, time 60min; under the conditions, the brightness of the pulp reached 77.2%ISO , pulp viscosity was 748ml/g, the pulp yield was 95%. This provided an experimental and feasible reference for TCF bleaching of NaOH-AQ pulp of fast growing poplar with low kappa number.

In the paper, technological conditions suitable for H2O2 strengthened oxygen delignification of fast growing poplar NaOH-AQ pulp with low kappa number (Kappa number 13.5, viscosity 851ml/g, brightness37%ISO) were investigated, based on which (Q/OP) QP Totally Chlorine Free (TCF) bleaching sequence was studied, and the TCF high-brightness bleaching of NaOH-AQ pulp with low kappa number was realized. Conditions better suitable for (Q/OP)QP bleaching of NaOH-AQ pulp with low kappa number are as follows: at the stage of H2O2 strengthened oxygen delignification: pulp consistency 10%, alkali dosage 2.5%, H2O2 dosage 3%, MgSO4 dosage 0.5%, oxygen pressure 0.6Mp, temperature 100°C, time 60min; at Q stage: pulp consistency 8%, DTPA 0.3%, initial pH value 4, temperature 70°C, time 120min; at P stage: pulp consistency 10%,H2O2 dosage 2%, MgSO4 dosage 0.5%, Na2SiO3 dosage 0.7％, temperature 70°C, pH value 12, time 120min. With this sequence, the pulp can be bleached with brightness of 82.0%ISO, viscosity 716ml/g, and the bleached pulp yield ratio 91.78％.

Effects of white-rot fungus BYBF treatment on properties of papermaking wastewater were investigated. The optimal immobilized conditions were the PVA 5%, SA 2.3%, active carbon 2%, 2% CaCl2 in saturated boric acid solution and pH = 7. Using these materials to form immobilized beads, which have great mechanical strength and big specific surfaces. Using these beads to immobilized BYBF to treating terminal wastewater. COD decreased from 411mg /l to 352mg/l in 4 days.

The process of kraft pulping of Fast-growing Poplar was studied,by determining the lignin contents including Klason lignin and acid soluble lignin, the yield of pulping, the rate of carbohydtare degradation and delignification rate. Results indicated that the delignificaton of Fast-growing Poplar in kraft pulping can be divided into three distinguishable stages. (a)The initial delignification stage before 140°C,the rate of delignification reaches to 35.76%; (b)The bulk delignification stage, the rate of delignification reaches to 90.50%，in the period from 140°C to 170°C and for 30 min; (c)The residual delignification stage,the rate of delignification exceeds 95.56%. The defibration point was reached when cooking temperature raised to 170°C and for 30 min with 52.22% pulping yield ,17.83 kappa number.

Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, fiber content, ash content ,C, H, S, N content and metal content of sludge in three sedimentation tanks.Besides,COD,SS, sludge concentration were analyzed and optical microscope photoes of sludge were got.The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value of three sludges was alkalescent, metal elements were varied, lots of bacteria in wet sludge. From the first tank to the third one,COD and SS are gradually diminishing The research of sludge’s properties may be helpful to sludge treatment.

Effects of white-rot fungus Trametes sp.lg-9 treatment on properties of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater were investigated. Trametes sp.lg-9 was cultured in chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater under optimal growth conditions, COD sharply decreased from 10740mg/l to 7811mg/l after 5 days; chroma firstly increased from 6212 degree to 7272 degree at 5 days and then declined to 5303 degree; lignin content firstly increased to 0.33 g/l and then decreased to 0.323 g/l. Separating the crude enzyme solution to treat chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater, demonstrating the suitable temperature of the crude enzyme treatment is 40 °C and the optimum pH value is 5.6. COD, chroma and lignin content of chlorine-containing bleaching wastewater can be significantly reduced by crude enzyme treatment on conditions of low dosage and short time.

Some properties of paper sludge were analyzed, including water content, organic material content, pH value, fiber content, ash content,C,H,O,N,S and metal content in dried sludge. The results showed that water content was high, organic material content was high, pH value was in a neutral level, metal elements were varied. Besides, calorific value was detected in a thermal power plant.Disposal of residue wastes from pulp and paper mills is a paramount issue facing the world today. Paper sludge is the solid waste from papermaking industry. The sludge treatment and disposal process will bring about environmental pollution. Therefore,much attentions should be paid to disposal of paper sludge. It is expected that this paper can provide deep insights into the disposal of paper sludge.

Related to the technological field of Photographing and Shooting Support Device, a Photographing and Shooting Device Delivery System includes shooting track and its Device Case. A shooting track covers at least a set of track-flexible track units. Each single unit in the meantime owns two main tracks and at least two horizontal track axes which inset between the two main tracks. The horizontal track axis can meet the needs of the length-adjustment devices in stretching out and drawing back the length of axes. A single Shooting Track Device Case consists of a Roker, Case itself, two Pulley Mechanisms that attached to the bottom of the Case, as well as a position device that has the Rocker fixed. The Rocker can take apart and connect with the Case through Position Device. At least one axis moving mechanism is attached to the Pulley Mechanism Device, which can collapse the length in order to the change of axis. In doing so, it will not only cut down the expense but also save labor. By replacing the tripod spider in positioning through the Rocker, it can boost enormous convenience, make shooting in a low angle into a reality, and occupies relatively a smaller space compared with the tripod spider.

The xylanase from Leveking was used in the experiment of bleached Soda-AQ pulp of fast-growing poplar. The suitable conditions of the xylanase from Leveking were obtained in the pretreatment of the Soda-AQ pulp of fast-growing poplar that temperature was 58°C, pH was 8.5, time was 120min and the dosage of the xylanase was 8IU/g. The pulp brightness was increased by 3.7%ISO when compared XDPQ and DPQ bleaching pulp under identical conditions. The pulp brightness was increased by 4.1%ISO when compared XDED and DED bleaching pulp under identical conditions. The untreated and pretreated Soda-AQ pulp of fast-growing poplar by the xylanase of two-dimensional and three dimensional figure of fiber surface under AFM were analyzed to explain the xylanase effect in the pulp bleaching theoretically.

Effect of chlorine, potassium permanganate and peracetic acid pretreatment on H2O2 bleaching properties of cotton stalk SCMP was studied in the paper. The results showed that brightness gradually increased with dosage of chlorine, however, the increase is small, and bursting index and breaking length firstly increased and then decreased as dosage of chlorine is great than 1.5%. Brightness of H2O2 bleached pulp decreased for potassium permanganate pretreatment, even change the bleaching sequence. Brightness of PaPP bleaching is the highest with peracetic acid pretreatment. Among the studied reagents, chlorine and peracetic acid can increase brightness of H2O2 bleaching, however, pretreatment with potassium permanganate can not improve bleaching properties. The brightness with CH3COOOH pretreatment is higher than that of chlorine pretreatment.

The selectivity of delignification is disappointing in the conventional intensified alkali extraction by oxygen and H2O2. To improve the properties of the conventional intensified alkali extraction, the gradient intensified alkali extraction by oxygen-containing bleaching agents was presented, and effects of treatment conditions on properties of gradient intensified alkali extraction of kraft pulp by oxygen and/or H2O2 were investigated. In DEPD bleaching sequence, the optimal dosage of H2O2 in EP stage is 1.5% with higher brightness and lower loss in viscosity of bleached pulp. The addition time of H2O2 is better after 20 min of alkali extraction in DE/PD sequence to facilitate bleaching function of H2O2. In DP/ED sequence, the brightness is highest when alkali extraction carried through after 20 min of H2O2 bleaching. In EO stage, the optimal dosage of NaOH is 5.0% considering delignification and bleaching efficiency. As to alkali extraction intensified by oxygen and H2O2, the optimum dosage of H2O2 is 1.0%. Gadient intensified alkali extraction with oxygen and/or H2O2 was adopted for further bleaching and delignification, which can increase the brightness and selectivity of delignification by subtly adjusting the parameters.

Pulping parameters in neutral deinking of old newsprint (ONP) and its impacts on deinking efficiency were investigated as well as comparison with alkaline deinking was carried out in this paper. The results showed that the low pulping consistency and short pulping time mostly contributed to the removal of ink in neutral pulping stage. The optimum pulping conditions of ONP were as follows: deinking agent, 0.6%~1.0%; pulping consistency, 6%~8%; pulping time, 15min; pulping temperature, 40°C. The low temperature in pulping stage of ONP neutral deinking process could greatly improve the deinking efficiency and reduce heat energy consumption. The comparison of neutral deinking and alkaline deinking of ONP showed that low pulping consistency contributed to the ink removal for neutral deinking, however, high pulping consistency benefit the alkaline deinking. Neutral deinked pulp had better H2O2bleachability than alkaline deinked pulp, and could save 60% H2O2, when the brightness was similar to that of alkaline pulp.

Background Most previous studies have reported superior results when blue dye and radiocolloids were used together for sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy in early breast cancer. Blue dye was reported to perform poorly when used alone, although more recent studies have found otherwise. This study reviewed the authors' practice of performing SLN biopsy with blue dye alone. Methods This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent SLN biopsy using blue dye alone from 2001 to 2005, when SLN biopsy was performed selectively and always followed by axillary lymph node dissection (ALND), and from 2006 to 2010, when SLN biopsy was offered to all suitable patients and ALND done only when the SLN was not identified or positive for metastasis. Results Between 2001 and 2005, 170 patients underwent SLN biopsy with blue dye alone. The overall SLN non-identification rate was 8·4 per cent. The overall false-negative rate was 34 per cent, but decreased with each subsequent year to 13 per cent in 2005. From 2006 to 2010, 610 patients underwent SLN biopsy with blue dye alone. The SLN was not identified in 12 patients (2·0 per cent) and no significant contributing factor was identified. A median of 2 (range 1–11) SLNs were identified. A non-SLN was found to be positive for metastasis in two patients with negative SLNs. Axillary nodal recurrence developed in one patient; none developed internal mammary nodal recurrence. Anaphylaxis occurred in one patient. Conclusion Blue dye performed well as a single modality for SLN biopsy. Non-identification, axillary nodal recurrence and serious allergic reactions were uncommon.

Improved green manufacturing of pulp and paper product by biological treatment has attracted great research interest in recent years. We investigated the properties of poplar thermo-chemical mechanical pulp (CTMP) and effluent properties after pretreatment with crude enzymes secreted from several white-rot fungi (Trametes sp. lg-9, Coriolus versicolor sdu-4 and Phanerochaete chrysosporium 25). Pretreatment with all these crude enzymes improved CTMP proterpties, and Trametes sp. lg-9 crude enzymes specifically improved CTMP beating properties, reduced energy input for the beating process. The pretreatment also facilitated bleaching of the CTMP and the charge of bleaching chemicals could be greatly reduced. On the other hand, C. versicolor sdu-4 crude enzymes pretreatment increased the pulp brightness when carried out before CTMP bleaching, while enzyme pretreatment after CTMP bleaching improved other physical indices of pulp. Pretreatment with crude enzymes from P. chrysosporium 25 improved pulp physical properties at a less extent, and pretreatment before bleaching decreased the CTMP brightness. Our findings demonstrated the feasibility of green manufacturing of CTMP and provided additional experimental evidence of using crude enzyme preparation from fungi to improve pulp properties and decrease effluent discharge. Therefore, they will contribute to the advance of green manufacturing pulping in the pulp and paper industry.