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The effect of gravity based on the vector sum of gravity and buoyancy forces working spontaneously for all species was introduced into capillary electrophoresis (CE) as another important force which cooperated with electrophoretic flow and electro-osmotic flow. Their portion was adjusted by simply tilting the whole of the capillary at an angle during CE running. The related formula was proposed and verified through a series of experiments. After investigating the related parameters, results showed that the gravity effect was significantly affected by additives in the buffer, the length, and the inner diameter of the capillary, and the size of the sample molecule. This made the different ions with opposite or significantly different mobilities to be observed at a CE run. It significantly improved separation efficiencies of some small molecules, chiral compounds, macromolecules and cells when the tilt angles of the capillary were adjusted to a special range predicted through the fitting curve. In addition, micrometer level microspheres and cells were firstly separated by the new CE strategy and the resolutions were more than 1.0. After ingeniously designing the gradient of the tilting angle with time, we were able to further enhance the separation efficiency of the targets. For example, the resolution of lysozyme and ribonuclease A could be increased from 3.691 to 7.342. These indicated the huge potential of the new CE strategy and its gradient mode in separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use change is a considerable representation of mutual effect between human and natural activities. Northern Shanxi is located in the northern agro pastoral ecotone, which the land use pattern changes violently. This paper focuses on the dynamic change characteristics of cultivated land and grassland in the agro pastoral ecotone of northern Shanxi from 2000 to 2015, and explores the main driving factors of their change. It can provide support for land planning and management and relevant policy-making in northern Shanxi and promote regional sustainable development. The results showed that: ➀ There was a close interrelation between the change of cultivated land and grassland I n northern Shanxi, and the whole showed the opposite dynamic change trend. ➁The main land transfer type of cultivated land and grassland is construction land. And grassland is also the main transfer type of cultivated land. And cultivated land contributes greatly to the growth of grassland area. ➂Economic factors are the main driving force which affecting the area change of cultivated land and grassland, followed by the benefit factors of agricultural development, and finally the labor factors. ➃Economic factors can explain the shift of cultivated land and grassland in different districts and counties in northern Shanxi. The benefit factor of cultivated land development plays a negative driving role on cultivated land, the benefit of grassland development plays a promoting role on the growth of grassland area, and the driving force of labor factor is relatively small.

The large amount of food waste generated worldwidely has significant adverse environmental impacts to our entire ecosystem, highlighting the urgent need for a historic resolution to achieve sustainable managment of food waste as well as its circular economy. In this regard, preparation of engineered biochars from food waste has garnered significant attention for CO2 capture, as this upcycling potential could play a significant role in advancing the concept of a negative carbon circular economy. Hence, this review holistically explores the potential of food waste-derived engineered biochars as CO2 adsorbents, not only from sample-level to process-level CO2 adsorption, but also from a life-cycle perspective. Sample-level CO2 adsorption is examined in terms of synthetic methods and procedures, focusing on application and optimisation of carbonisation, activation, and surface modification processes. The application of machine learning for guiding syntheses of high-performance CO2 adsorbents derived from food waste is also dicussed. Process-level CO2 adsorption is examined in terms of two primary cycling configurations, namely pressure swing adsorption and temperature swing adsorption, whose efficiency is critical for commercialisation. In addition, a comprehensive life-cycle assessment is performed to provide a novel and timely overview of the environmental impacts of CO2 adsorption using food waste-derived engineered biochars. This review demonstrates the viability and potential of integrating food waste-derived engineered biochars with carbon capture technologies to afford an environmentally friendly innovation for sustainable food waste management and climate change mitigation, which is benefical to achieving UN Sustainable Development Goals including Goals 11–13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to solve the fault recognition problems caused by a complex signal transfer path,severe noise pollution and the weak fault features,a method for gear based on variational mode decomposition（ VMD）and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system（ ANFIS） is proposed. Firstly,VMD is used to decompose a fault signal into several intrinsic mode functions（ IMFs）,and introduced the permutation entropy to construct the feature vectors characterizing the modal component information. Then the extracted feature vectors are input into the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system to establish the fault diagnosis model. Finally,the model is validated by the vibration signal data of the gears and compared with the support vector machine（ SVM） method. The results show that the proposed method has a strong learning ability and it can effectively diagnose the gear fault,improve the accuracy of fault identification. The recognition effect is obviously superior to SVM.

Dynamic characteristics of a microactuator have been simulated using finite-element numerical analysis. Based on numerical simulations, the response surface method (RSM) is used to optimize the spring parameters for the determination of suitable in-plane and out-of-plane natural frequencies of vibrations. Optimization of designs resulted in reduced voltage supply requirement to drive the recording head, and the reliability of the microactuator has also been enhanced. Index Terms--Hard disk drive (HDD), microactuatur, optimization, response surface method (RSM).

Electroencephalogram (EEG) analysis has been widely used in the diagnosis of stroke diseases for its low cost and noninvasive characteristics. In order to classify the EEG signals of stroke patients with cerebral infarction and cerebral hemorrhage, this paper proposes a novel EEG stroke signal classification method. This method has two highlights. The first is that a multi-feature fusion method is given by combining wavelet packet energy, fuzzy entropy and hierarchical theory. The second highlight is that a suitable classification model based on ensemble classifier is constructed for perfectly classification stroke signals. Entropy is an accessible way to measure information and uncertainty of time series. Many entropy-based methods have been developed these years. By comparing with the performances of permutation entropy, sample entropy, approximate entropy in measuring the characteristic of stroke patient's EEG signals, it can be found that fuzzy entropy has best performance in characterization stroke EEG signal. By combining hierarchical theory, wavelet packet energy and fuzzy entropy, a multi-feature fusion method is proposed. The method first calculates wavelet packet energy of EEG stroke signal, then extracts hierarchical fuzzy entropy feature by combining hierarchical theory and fuzzy entropy. The experimental results show that, compared with the fuzzy entropy feature, the classification accuracy based on the fusion feature of wavelet packet energy and hierarchical fuzzy entropy is much higher than benchmark methods. It means that the proposed multi-feature fusion method based on stroke EEG signal is an efficient measure in classifying ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Support vector machine (SVM), decision tree and random forest are further used as the stroke signal classification models for classifying ischemic stroke and hemorrhagic stroke. Experimental results show that, based on the proposed multi-feature fusion method, the ensemble method of random forest can get the best classification performance in accuracy among three models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient adsorption and utilization of carbon dioxide play an important role in mitigating the greenhouse effect and developing clean energy. Surface functionalization of photocatalyst is an efficient method to promote the adsorption of CO2 and convert it into hydrocarbon fuels. In this work, tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) is used to functionalize Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieve photocatalyst to enhance the adsorption and activation of CO2. Ti-MCM-41 molecular sieve was modified without any precious metal additives. When the content of TEPA was 1%, the yield of CH4 was 232 ppm g−1 h−1. Furthermore, the results indicate that high impregnation amount of TEPA causes strong and higher adsorption of CO2 but inefficient for its conversion. This is probably due to the blockage of the channel when the impregnation amount of TEPA exceeds the threshold value, which hinders the further conversion of CO2 molecules. Functionalization Ti-MCM-41 zeolite photocatalyst with amino group is the prime reason for its excellent CO2 adsorption followed by activation capacity. In the future, this proposed composite might come up as a perspective photocatalyst in the field of photocatalysis for the purpose of environment remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Clinical practice shows that a critical unmet need in the field of thrombosis prevention is the availability of anticoagulant therapy without bleeding risk. Inhibitors against FXIa or FXIIa have been extensively studied because of their low bleeding risk. However, whether these compounds produce synergistic effects has not yet been explored. In this study, analyses of activated partial thromboplastin time in combination with the FXIa inhibitor PN2KPI and the FXIIa inhibitor Infestin4 at different proportions were performed using the SynergyFinder tool identifying synergistic anticoagulation effects. Both an FeCl 3 -induced carotid artery thrombosis mouse model and a transient occlusion of the middle cerebral artery mouse model showed that the combination of PN2KPI and Infestin4, which are 28.57% and 6.25% of the effective dose, respectively, significantly prevents coagulation, and furthermore, dual inhibition does not cause bleeding risk., Competing Interests: The authors report no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)