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Cooperation of transition metal catalysis with photocatalysis is an emerging powerful approach to achieve coupling reactions for the synthesis of important chemicals. Owing to their facilely modulated structures and properties via reticular chemistry, photoactive covalent organic frameworks (COFs) arise quickly in building metallaphotocatalytic platforms targeting more efficient and sustainable protocol. In this Minireview, we summarize the recent advances in COFs‐based (integrated) platforms to forge carbon‐carbon/heteroatom (C, B, N, O, P, and S, etc.) bonds via a variety of cross‐coupling reactions driven by light, with focuses on the engineering of COFs' backbone, as well as the organization mode of COFs and metal site promoted catalytic performance. We also highlight the essential role of the underlying electron/energy processes in metallated COFs platforms (M@COFs). Aiming to guide catalysts' design to achieve more efficient performance or currently challenging transformations, we give our perspectives in this under‐developed yet promising field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To solve the problems of complex energy supply and poor communication effect of cell-edge users, combining the advantages of simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) and collaborative non-orthogonal multiple access (CNOMA), two novel protocols are proposed. By employing the PS and TS strategies in SWIPT, respectively, two protocols are named: SWIPT-CNOMA-PS and SWIPT-CNOMA-TS. Based on the protocols, a new method for selecting relays is first established by considering two factors—energy state and channel condition. To further improve energy efficiency, the relay harvests the energy of the signal sent by the source and stores it. We establish a one-dimensional Markov chain with the energy state as the system state to analyze the variation of the relay energy. Exploiting the conservation equation, the probability of energy sufficiency of the node and outage probabilities of users are derived. Finally, the impact of the energy threshold and the number of relays on the outage probability of users is revealed. The protocol in this paper shows better performance than the OMA protocol when the transmit signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is less than 14 dB and the protocol in the literature when the transmit SNR is less than 11 dB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the demand for large-scale device access in Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) and to overcome the problem that some resources are wasted due to the use of single decode-and-forward (DF) or amplify-and-forward (AF) collaboration in traditional collaborative communication, this paper introduces a non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and orthogonal multiple access (OMA) hybrid access method into the NB-IoT and proposes a new Hybrid NOMA transmission protocol with relay adaptively selectable collaboration, which is represented as an algorithm. Based on this protocol, we classify the whole transmission process into five states after deriving the outage probability of each link. We then consider the system as a discrete-time Markov model, the closed expressions of the system outage probability and throughput are derived based on the system steady-state probability. In order to improve the system's reliability, we further optimize the above protocol by allowing the source node to retransmit the unsuccessful received superimposed signals a limited number of times. Numerical results and simulations show that the outage probability is lower when multiple retransmissions are possible. The proposed relay adaptive collaborative hybrid NOMA transmission protocol has advantages over the pure OMA transmission mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the quality of service (QoS) on the internet of medical things, a cognitive radio (CR) protocol based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is proposed, named CR-OFDMA. In this protocol, we divide a complete channel into multiple orthogonal subchannels and enhance the subchannel assignment scheme, which achieves QoS improvement under consideration of priority and fairness. Furthermore, we improve spectrum resource utilization by fully utilizing the remaining subchannels, feedback slots, and backoff slots. Then, a two-dimensional Markov model is established to describe the dynamic characteristics of the protocol operation, where the backoff stage and the backoff counter value constitute the system state. By establishing the traffic conservation equations for the system operation, the transmission probability and collision probability are calculated, and expressions of system throughput, channel utilization, and fairness index are derived. Finally, numerical results validate the advantages of CR-OFDMA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Rosai-Dorfman disease (RDD), the massive lymphadenopathy characterized by the proliferation of sinus histiocytosis, is a relatively idiopathic benign disease with unknown etiology. We reported a rare case of thymic RDD detected by 18F-FDG PET/CT. A 23-year-old man with right-sided chest pain underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT scan, showing increased 18F-FDG uptake in an anterior mediastinal mass corresponding to a thymic lesion at an enhanced CT scan. The patient was referred to surgery with the clinical suspicion of thymic malignancy. The histological examination and immunohistochemical results confirmed RDD. Conclusions This was the first case report of RDD isolated to the thymus and initially presented with chest pain. Moreover, there was no characteristic painless neck lymphadenopathy at any stage of the disease course. Thus, for young patients with thymus mass, RDD should be considered a rare but possible diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of PET/CT-derived radiomic features for patients with B-cell lymphoma (BCL), who were treated with CD19/CD22 dual-targeted chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells. Moreover, we explored the relationship between baseline radiomic features and the occurrence probability of cytokine release syndrome (CRS). Methods: A total of 24 BCL patients who received 18F-FDG PET/CT before CAR T-cell infusion were enrolled in the present study. Radiomic features from PET and CT images were extracted using LIFEx software, and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression was used to select the most useful predictive features of progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Receiver operating characteristic curves, Cox proportional hazards model, and Kaplan-Meier curves were conducted to assess the potential prognostic value. Results: Contrast extracted from neighbourhood grey-level different matrix (NGLDM) was an independent predictor of PFS (HR = 15.16, p = 0.023). MYC and BCL2 double-expressor (DE) was of prognostic significance for PFS (HR = 7.02, p = 0.047) and OS (HR = 10.37, p = 0.041). The combination of NGLDM_ContrastPET and DE yielded three risk groups with zero (n = 7), one (n = 11), or two (n = 6) factors (p < 0.0001 and p = 0.0004, for PFS and OS), respectively. The PFS was 85.7%, 63.6%, and 0%, respectively, and the OS was 100%, 90.9%, and 16.7%, respectively. Moreover, there was no significant association between PET/CT variables and CRS. Conclusions: In conclusion, radiomic features extracted from baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT images in combination with genomic factors could predict the survival outcomes of BCL patients receiving CAR T-cell therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanoscale zero-valent iron (NZVI), which is increasingly used for environmental remediation, has potential positive impact on Anaerobic Digestion (AD). In this study, the changes of three phases in the AD of sludge have been analysed. The addition of NZVI (1000 mg/L) in the experimental reactors resulted in an enhanced operational performance, i.e. TCOD, SCOD removal and biogas production increased by 23.13%, 12.60% and 29.55% respectively. The addition of NZVI also kept pH at an appropriate level, enhanced the use of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and the activity of the characteristic enzyme relative to the blank group. The Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer (EDS) were employed to investigate the changes in surface morphology and elements of the sludge. The infrared spectra analysis showed that NZVI promoted AD of sludge. The results from the three-phase change reflected that the addition of NZVI not only promoted AD of sludge but also improved the resource utilization of sludge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The overexpression of HER2 is pivotal in the initiation and progression of breast cancer. Developing HER2-targeted radiotracers is crucial for noninvasive assessment of HER2 expression, patient selection for HER2-targeted therapy, monitoring treatment response, and identifying resistance. Here, we reported a nonsite-specific coupled radiotracer, 68 Ga-NOTA-SNA004-His 6 , and a site-specific coupled radiotracer, 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC, based on a novel HER2 nanobody, SNA004. Both radiotracers exhibited high affinity, specific targeting, and rapid clearance in vitro and in vivo. Additionally, these tracers and trastuzumab showed noncompetitive binding to HER2. Compared to 68 Ga-NOTA-SNA004-His 6 , 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC demonstrated significantly reduced renal and liver uptake. PET/CT imaging with 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC sensitively detected the responsiveness of various tumor models to trastuzumab and its antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Overall, the site-specific coupled radiotracer 68 Ga-NODAGA-SNA004-GSC offered significant advantages in biodistribution and signal-to-noise ratio, making it a valuable tool for monitoring HER2 expression levels before, during, and after trastuzumab and ADC treatment.

Because of their simplicity, rapidity, and cost-effectiveness, immunochromatographic strips (ICTs) have been widely used as an effective tool in various fields. However, typical strips for the preliminary screening suffer from limited detection sensitivity, particularly in biomarker detection with trace concentration. Herein, to tackle this challenge, we integrated homemade gold-decorated Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (Au/Fe 3 O 4 NPs) with flexible strips, exploring the excellent peroxidase-like activity of this labeled material, and then enhancing the detection sensitivity via signal amplification. The limit of detection (LOD) of the strips is as low as 0.05 mIU mL -1 when human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is as a biomarker model, which is 500 times lower than that of the traditional color-based strip. Overall, our results demonstrated the potential for Au/Fe 3 O 4 NP based-ICTs for the rapid detection of the biomarker in an instrument-free and point-of-care testing format.