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To assess the safety and efficacy of antimicrobial peptide PL-5 (Peceleganan) spray in the treatment of wound infections.Antimicrobial peptide PL-5 spray is a novel topical antimicrobial agent.We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled phase IIb clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PL-5 spray, as compared with silver sulfadiazine, in patients with skin wound infections. The primary efficacy outcome was the clinical efficacy rate on the first day after ending the treatment (D8). The secondary efficacy outcome was the clinical efficacy rate on the fifth day posttreatment (D5), the bacteria clearance rate, and the overall efficacy rate at the mentioned 2 time points. The safety outcomes included adverse reactions and pharmacokinetic analysis posttreatment.A total of 220 patients from 27 hospitals in China were randomly assigned to 4 groups. On D8, the efficacy rate was 100.0%, 96.7%, 96.7% for the 1‰ PL-5, 2‰ PL-5, 4‰ PL-5 groups, respectively, as compared with 87.5% for the control group. The efficacy rate among the 4 groups was significantly different (P0.05). On D5, the efficacy rate was 100.0%, 93.4%, 98.3% for the 1‰ PL-5, 2‰ PL-5, 4‰ PL-5 groups, respectively, as compared with 82.5% for the control group. The efficacy rate among the 4 groups was significantly different (P0.05). The blood concentration of PL-5 was not detectable in pharmacokinetic analysis. No severe adverse event related to the application of PL-5 was reported.Antimicrobial peptide PL-5 spray is safe and effective for the treatment of skin wound infections.ChiCTR2000033334.

The deterioration of mortar has an adverse impact on the deformation and stress state of the masonry arch dam, after freeze-thaw cycles, in long-term operation. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of reinforcement grouting on the stress of a thin masonry arch dam and propose a reasonable grouting method in the case of mortar deterioration. The determination of the ultimate grouting pressure is another main focus. The masonry material was generalized by combining a linear elastic model and the proportional weighted average under the condition of deterioration caused by freeze-thaw cycles. A series of analytical methods were proposed for the research of grouting effect on dam stress, based on which the ultimate grouting pressure is calculated in various cases. Results demonstrate that the dam tensile stress may exceed the allowable value in the following operation. Then, some recommended methods for the grouting layout and the estimation of grouting pressure were put forward by integrating the grouting field test with numerical analysis for reinforcement. The research conclusions might have a guiding significance for the reinforcement of similar projects.

Bubble aeration has been widely applied in water/wastewater treatment, however its low gas utilization rate results in high energy consumption. Application of micro-nanobubbles (MNB) has emerged as a process with the potential to significantly increase gas utilisation due to their high relative surface area and high gas-liquid mass transfer efficiency. In this study, we demonstrate through calibrated models that MNB of an optimum bubble size can shrink and burst at or below the water surface enabling (1) all encapsulated gas to thoroughly dissolve in water, and (2) the bursting of nanobubbles to potentially generate free radicals. Through the understanding of MNB dimensional characteristics and bubble behaviour in water, a dynamic model that integrated force balance (i.e. buoyancy force, gravity, drag force, Basset force and virtual mass force), and mass transfer was developed to describe the rising velocity and radius variation of MNB along its upward trajectory. Unlike for conventional millimetre-sized bubbles, intensive gas dissolution of MNBs led to radius reduction for small bubbles, while a large initial radius triggers bubble swelling. The initial water depth was also crucial, where greater depth could drive the potential for bubble shrinkage so that they were more liable to contract. For example, the optimum bubble size of air (42–194 μm) and oxygen (127–470 μm) MNB that could achieve complete gas transfer (100% gas utilisation) for a range of specific water depths (0.5–10 m) were calculated. The modelling results for microbubbles (10–530 μm) were well validated by the experimental data (R2>0.85). However, the validation of the modelling results for nanobubble (

Background: Antimicrobial Peptide PL-5 (Peceleganan) Spray is a novel topical antimicrobial agent targeted on the treatment of skin wound infections. Methods: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, randomized, controlled phase IIb clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of PL-5 Spray, as compared with silver sulfadiazine, in patients with skin wound infections. The primary efficacy outcome was the clinical efficacy rate on the first day after ending the treatment (D8). The secondary efficacy outcome was the clinical efficacy rate on the fifth day post-treatment (D5), the bacteria clearance rate and the overall efficacy rate at the mentioned two timepoints. The safety outcomes included adverse reactions and pharmacokinetic analysis post-treatment. Findings: Between Jul 29, 2020, and May 10, 2021, a total of 220 patients from 27 hospitals in China were randomly assigned to 4 groups. On D8, the efficacy rate was 91·6%, 83·6%, 85·0% for the 1 ‰ PL-5, 2 ‰ PL-5, 4 ‰ PL-5 groups respectively, as compared with 60% for the control group. The efficacy rate between each PL-5 group and the control group was significantly different (P

Bacterial biofilms are considered to be the hindrance in the treatment of chronic wound, because of their tolerance toward antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents. They also have strong ability to escape from the host immune attack. Acetic acid, as a kind of organic weak acid, can disturb the biofilms by freely diffusing through the bacterial biofilms and bacterial cell membrane structure. Then the acid dissociates to release the hydrogen ions, leading to the disorder of the acid-base imbalance, change of protein conformation, and the degradation of the DNA within the membranes. This paper reviews the literature on the characteristics and treatment strategies of the bacterial biofilms and the acetic acid intervention on them, so as to demonstrate the roles acetic acid may play in the treatment of chronic wound, and thus provide a convincing treatment strategy for this kind of disease.