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MicroRNA-506 (miR-506), a miRNA, has been proven to act as a tumor suppressor gene in nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC); Tubby-like protein 3 (TULP3) is a potential target gene of miR-506. This study investigates whether miR-506 can prevent NSCLC progression by mediating TULP3. In vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to explore the function and potential regulatory relationship of miR-506 and TULP3 in NSCLC. Our results revealed that miR-506 is high expression in NSCLC cell lines, and the overexpression of miR-506 could inhibit cell viability and enhance cell apoptosis in H1299 and A549 cells. Pro-apoptotic related protein (cytochrome C, Bax, and cleaved caspase-9) expression increased while anti-apoptotic related protein (BCL-2 and BCL-XL) expression decreased after miR-506 was overexpression. Meanwhile, the overexpression of miR-506 could notably downregulate TULP3. Additionally, silence of TULP3 inhibited cell viability and promoted cell apoptosis. At the same time, pro-apoptotic related protein expression was promoted while anti-apoptotic related protein expression was inhibited. Furthermore, TULP3 overexpression could markedly reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-506 on the proliferation and induction of mitochondrial apoptosis in H1299 and A549 cells. In vivo tumor formation experiments also exhibited consistent results indicating that the functions of TULP3 might be correlated with the promotion of tumorigenesis. In conclusion, we firstly found that miR-506 can be involved in the processes of NSCLC and exert a suppressive effect on tumorigenesis by regulating TULP3 expression.

Objective To establish an adult rat model of lung blast injury in laboratory for providing a reliable rat model for the diagnosis and treatment of lung blast injury. Methods According to the different injury driving pressure of BST-Ⅰ biological shock tube, 40 adult SD male rats aged 7 to 8 weeks were randomly divided into 4 groups (10 each): 4.5 MPa group, 4.8 MPa group, 5.0 MPa group and 5.5 MPa group. The general physiological and 24-hour survival status of rats in each group were recorded before and after modeling. The survived rats 24 h after modeling were anesthetized and then killed, and the chest anatomy was performed. The characteristics of lung injury were observed, the degree of lung tissue injury was graded using organ injury scaling (OIS) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS). Furthermore, the left lower part of lung tissue was taken for routine pathological section, and the degree of lung tissue injury was observed under light microscope. Results All rats were successfully modeled and survived 24 h after injury, and showed shortness of breath and accelerated heart rate without hematuria and blood stool. There were significant differences among the four groups in bleeding rate of external auditory canal, anal temperature and pulmonary bleeding area (P5.0 MPa>4.8 MPa>4.5MPa. Under light microscope, rats in the four groups showed varying degrees of pulmonary hemorrhage, edema and atelectasis, and the lung tissue was ruptured. Conclusion The stable adult SD rat models of mild, moderate, severe and extremely severe lung blast injury have been established. DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2019.08.03

ObjectivesThis study analyses the clinical features and direct medical cost (DMC) of splenic injury during 2000–2013 in China.DesignThis was a cross-sectional study.MethodsWe used ‘The No. 1 Military Medical Project’ information system to conduct a retrospective study. Patients’ information from 2000 to 2013 were identified. Demographic data, treatment, clinical data and DMC were collected. We performed a generalised linear method (GLM) using gamma distribution to assess the drivers of DMCs.ResultsWe included 8083 patients with splenic injury who met the study criteria. Over the 14-year study period, 2782 (34.4%) patients were treated with non-operative management (NOM), 5301 (65.6%) with OM. From 2000 to 2013, the rate of NOM increased from 34.7% to 55.9%, while OM decreased from 65.3% to 44.1%. Mean per-patient DMC in both NOM and OM increased from 2000 to 2013. In GLM analysis, male, old age, length of stay, severe splenic injury grade, OM, intensive care unit, blood transfusion and tertiary hospitals were associated with higher DMC, while female and NOM was associated with lower DMC.ConclusionsIn China, management of splenic injury was the most important factor impacting the total DMC. Proper management and public policy could curtail the burden of splenic injury.

Lung and systemic inflammation are associated with impaired lung function and increased mortality in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Theophylline and glucocorticoids have been shown to have an anti-inflammatory effect in some respiratory diseases. However, corticosteroid insensitivity is a major barrier to the anti-inflammatory management of COPD. This study aimed to explore whether a combined treatment of theophylline and dexamethasone (Dex) could decrease cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced inflammation via prevention of a reduction in histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) expression and through inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which may be related to corticosteroid sensitivity. The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC(50)) of Dex (IC(50)-Dex) was used to as a marker of corticosteroid sensitivity. IC(50)-Dex was determined through observation of Dex inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced interleukin (IL)-8 release. Using reverse transcription quantitative PCR and western blotting, U937 cells treated with CSE were assessed for HDAC2 expression levels and phosphorylation levels of Akt. Theophylline and Dex pre-treatment was shown to significantly reduce the CSE-induced release of IL-8 and TNF-α. The combination of theophylline and Dex pretreatment also reversed corticosteroid insensitivity in CSE-induced U937 cells and inhibited the PI3K/AKT pathway to a greater extent than theophylline treatment alone. CSE-treated U937 cells showed a reduction in HDAC2 mRNA and protein expression compared with the control group. However, this effect was reduced after pre-incubation with the combined therapy or theophylline alone. In conclusion, pretreatment with theophylline and Dex decreased CSE-induced inflammation via inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and increase in HDAC2 protein expression.

Purpose This time series experiments aimed to investigate the dynamic change of gut microbiomes after severe burn and its association with enteral nutrition (EN). Materials and methods Seven severely burned patients who suffered from a severe metal dust explosion injury were recruited in this study. The dynamic changes of gut microbiome of fecal samples at six time points (1–3 days, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 weeks after severe burn) were detected using 16S ribosomal RNA pyrosequencing technology. Results Following the post-burn temporal order, gut microbiota dysbiosis was detected in the gut microbiome after severe burn, then it was gradually resolved. The bio-diversity of gut bacteria was initially decreased, and then returned to normal level. In addition, at the early stage (from 2 to 4 weeks), the majority of those patients' gut microbiome were opportunistic pathogen genus, Enterococcus and Escherichia; while at the end of this study, the majority was a beneficial genus, Bacteroides. EN can promote the recovery of gut microbiota, especially in EN well-tolerated patients. Conclusions Severe burn injury can cause a dramatic dysbiosis of gut microbiota. A trend of enriched beneficial bacteria and diminished opportunistic pathogen bacteria may serve as prognosis microbiome biomarkers of severe burn patients.

In China, there have been few meta-analyses of the epidemiology and management of splenic injury. Due to the success of Chinese military hospitals in the domestic treatment of splenic injury, the present study conducted a systematic review of such cases, identifying a high occurrence rate of splenic trauma, as well as a number of strategies of managing splenic injury in China. Data were collected from sixteen Chinese military hospitals between July 2000 and March 2009, and retrospectively reviewed. It was observed that between July 2000 and March 2009 a total of 7,807 patients (84.32% male and 15.68% female) with splenic injury were admitted to hospital. The mean duration of hospital stay was 17.9±18.6 days and the gender distribution of splenic injury over the successive years did not differ significantly (P>0.05, c=0.034). However, there was a significant difference in the gender distribution of splenic injury patients in different months (P

The previous studies showed that alternatively activated anti-inflammatory macrophage (M2) adoptive immunity can improve the proportion of local M2 cells and play the neuroprotective effect after spinal cord injury (SCI). Its molecular mechanism is not yet very clear. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the effect of the M2 adoptive transfer on the local expression of gene transcription. Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used for culture of macrophages and establishment of SCI models. After SCI, the polarized M2 macrophages were transferred to the injured rats by tail vein injection. Seven days after operation, the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the spinal cords were analyzed by RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq). Then, the functional enrichment analysis and pathways were performed by using gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), respectively. RNA-Seq showed that M2 adoptive immunity can down-regulate many well-studied gene expressions associated with signaling pathways of inflammatory, such as antigen processing and presentation, phagosome, cell adhesion molecules, natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, endocytosis, proteasome, and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway. These may explain the mechanism of our previous adoptive immunization of M2 cells to provide neuroprotection for SCI. In addition, a novel pathway, retinoic acid-inducible gene-1 (RIG-I)-like receptor signaling pathway was found to be involved in the pathological process of SCI and the response to M2 adoptive immunity as well. This will provide a new explanation for the pathological mechanism of SCI and a new theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical treatment. The raw Illumina data are available at http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra (accession number PRJNA517238). Impact statement This research aimed to analyze the effect of M2 macrophage adoptive transfer on the local expression of gene transcription after SCI by RNA-Seq. The results showed that M2 adoptive immunity can down-regulate many well-studied gene expressions associated with signaling pathways of inflammatory. These may explain the mechanism of our previous adoptive immunization of M2 cells to provide neuroprotection for SCI. In addition, a novel pathway, RIG-I-like receptor signaling pathway was also found to involve in the pathological process of SCI and the response to M2 adoptive immunity. This will provide a new explanation for the pathological mechanism of SCI and a new theoretical and experimental basis for its clinical treatment.

BACKGROUND A great number of children suffer from blast lung injury (BLI) worldwide, but there is a little basic study on the topic. METHODS Infant (4-week-old) and adult New Zealand rabbits were selected. Comparison of BLI characteristics: 16 infant rabbits were randomly divided into a 4.0 MPa group (n = 8, "IRG4.0MPa") and a 4.5 MPa group (n = 8, "IRG4.5MPa") and exposed to shock waves of those magnitudes. Eight adult rabbits were exposed to 4.0 MPa ("ARG4.0MPa"). The severity of BLI was compared among these three groups. Comparison of impact characteristics between infant and adult rabbits at the same scale of BLI: infant and adult rabbits were randomly divided into a control group (n = 8 per age group) and a blast injury group (n = 40 infants, "IRG4.0MPa"; n = 40 adults, "ARG4.5MPa"). The vital signs, physiological indicators, gross anatomy, and light microscope pathology were observed. RESULTS The differences in lung injury severity and in abbreviated injury scale (AIS) scores between IRG4.5MPa (87.5%, AIS 4.13 ± 0.64) and ARG4.0MPa (75.5%, AIS 4.18 ± 0.75) were not statistically significant (P > .05); IRG4.0MPa (12.5%, AIS 3.38 ± 0.52) showed a lower proportion of lung injury and lower AIS scores than the others (P

BACKGROUND: Childhood burns are a global health problem. To date, no epidemiological study with a large sample size of hospitalized pediatric burn patients from the Chinese mainland has been conducted. This study retrospectively analyzed pediatric burn cases to identify the characteristics of pediatric burns and their risk factors in China. METHODS: Data for pediatric burn inpatients younger than 14 years were retrieved from the Chinese Trauma Databank (CTDB). The epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burns and risk factors for mortality were analyzed. RESULTS: A total of 61,068 cases were included in the study. Children under 3 years old were at the highest risk of injury. Scalds were the commonest burns (87.59%). Flame burns occurred more in winter, and electrical burns occurred mainly in July and August. Age, etiology, depth of injury, total body surface area (TBSA), site of injury, and outcome were correlated with length of hospital stay. Risk factors for pediatric burn mortality included being male, having third degree burns, ≥30% TBSA, and having multi-site burns. CONCLUSION: The results showed the epidemiological characteristics of pediatric burns in China, which differ from those reported for other countries and regions. These characteristics can be used to develop measures to prevent pediatric burns. Language: en

Objective Venous malformation (VM) is a common vascular malformation in soft tissue. Its morphological and draining features, relationship with main vein, and hemodynamics in the lesion are not completely clear till now. Above information is important for choice of treatment. Methods From January 2012 to December 2013, 23 patients were enrolled into this study. Percutaneous puncture into the lesion was made and contrast media was injected into venous sinus. Immediately after that CT scan was performed, and repeated several minutes later. Then three-dimensional imaging was performed to show the morphology and draining veins of VMs, and the relevant main veins. The hemodynamics in the lesion was also evaluated. Results All patients underwent successful examination. Three-dimensional imaging showed an irregular shape of VM. Based on the draining features, VMs were classified into three types: (1) Type I (7/23): malformation without visible draining vein; (2) Type II (10/23): malformation with normal draining vein; (3) Type III (6/23): malformation with abnormal dilated draining vein. The flow in type I VMs was slow. Contrast media retained in the lesion for more than 1 day. The flow in type III VMs was fast. Contrast media flowed away rapidly. The flow of type II VMs was between type I and type III. According to above information and adjacent anatomy, all patients received suitable treatment, including sclerotherapy with absolute ethanol and bleomycin A5, intralesional copper wires retention, surgical removal, and combinational therapy of the above methods. Conclusions This procedure can clearly show the morphological and draining features of VM and its relationship with main vein, and further evaluate the hemodynamics in the lesion, which are helpful for the choice of treatment.

Objectives Neurofibroma, a common benign tumor in soft tissue, continues to grow, so it often appears to be giant. Surgical management of giant neurofibroma is a challenge due to the risk of excessive bleeding. Embolization of tumor's nutrient artery may reduce the blood loss in operation. This study introduces the surgical management of giant scalp neurofibroma with preoperative ultra-selective embolization of nutrient artery. Methods From January 2006 to December 2013, 9 patients with giant scalp neurofibroma were enrolled into the study. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) showed tumor's nutrient artery. Ultra-catheter was inserted into the nutrient artery and its branches as close as possible to the tumor. Then ultra-selective embolization was performed with gelatin sponge particles. Surgical removal of tumor was performed in 3 days after embolization. The wound was repaired by skin graft. Results All of the 9 patients underwent successful DSA and ultra-selective embolization. Among them, occipital artery was embolized in 3 patients (left side in 1 patient and right side in 2 patients). Both occipital artery and superficial temporal artery were embolized in 6 patients (left side in 2 patients, right side in 3 patients, and both side in 1 patient). No complications, such as ectopic embolism, occurred in the patients. All of the tumors were resected completely without blood transfusion. The skin graft survived very well on the wounds. Conclusions Preoperative ultra-selective embolization of nutrient artery is a feasible, safe, and effective method to reduce the blood loss in operation and facilitate the surgical management of giant scalp neurofibroma.

STUDY DESIGN.: Descriptive epidemiological study. OBJECTIVE.: To determine the epidemiological characteristics of spinal trauma in Mainland China. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: To date, a large-scale epidemiological analysis of spinal trauma in Mainland China has not been undertaken. METHODS.: Data were acquired from Chinese Database of Traumas. Patients with International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) coding of 805.x and 806.x (spinal column fracture with and without spinal cord injury) from 2001 to 2007 were identified. Variables assessed included patient demographics, etiology, segmental distribution, and outcomes. RESULTS.: A total of 82,720 patients with spinal trauma were identified, accounting for 4.58% of all trauma patients in the study period. Spinal cord injuries (SCIs) and fracture-dislocations accounted for 16.87% and 7.17% of spinal trauma and 0.74% and 0.32% of all traumas in the same period, respectively. The male-to-female ratio was 2.33:1. About 79.32% of spinal trauma occurred in patients between 20 and 60 years of age. There was an annual increase in incidence during the study period. A total of 64,630 patients (78.13%) had a definitive cause, with motor vehicle accidents identified as the leading etiological factor (33.61%), followed by high falls (31.25%) and trivial falls (23.23%). Lumbar spine was most frequently involved (56.09%), followed by thoracic spine (23.77%), cervical spine (17.75%), and sacrococcygeal vertebrae (2.39%). Fracture-dislocation occurred most frequently in the cervical and lumbar spines, whereas spinal cord injury occurred most frequently in the cervical and thoracic spines. Children younger than 10 years of age were prone to cervical spine injury, whereas adults older than 60 years were more prone to osteoporotic thoracic and lumbar fractures. Overall rate of conservative treatment (55.88%) was higher than that of operative treatment (44.12%). Overall combined cure and improvement rates exceeded 90%. The male mortality rate was twice that of the female population. Lumbar spine injury was the most curable, whereas cervical spine injury was associated with the worst prognosis and the highest medical costs. CONCLUSION.: This is the first large-scale epidemiological study of spinal injury in Mainland China. The results obtained have important implications for future public health care planning, public safety, and resource allocation. Language: en

Background In China, large sample research directed at the epidemiology of burns is still scarce. Given the leading position of Chinese military hospitals in domestic clinical practice pertaining to burns, a look into their cases would help shed light on the incidence and hospital care of burns in China today. Methods Data were collected from information systems of all the Chinese military hospitals, for the years 2001–2007 inclusive. Retrospective analyses on the epidemiology characteristics of burns from those in patients admitted to all the Chinese military hospitals within this period were conducted. Results A total of 172,256 cases were studied, with a total number of 1384 fatalities, and the median length of hospital stay (LOS) 11.00 days (interquartile range 6.00–19.00 days). Rate of burn incidence remained high in May, June, July and August. Children of preschool aged and adults in the labor force were at the highest risk of injury. Scalds constituted the majority of injuries (80.5%). Multiple body site burns are the most commonly seen category (31.98%) in terms of injured body region distribution. In fire-related burns, major burns (TBSA > 30%) represented a significant proportion. Males with TBSA > 30%, fire-related burns resulted in the greatest number of fatalities. Gender, age, site of injury, burn size and outcome are all correlated with the length of hospitalization. Conclusion Although this paper cannot provide information on population estimates of burns due to the absence of data on burns attending civilian hospitals, it finds that the epidemiology of burns in China shows distinct characteristics compared with previous studies of other country and regions, including that of other developing or low and middle-income countries (LMICs), irrespective of China's inclusion in that group.

It is very important to provide reference basis for winter wheat quality regionalization of cultivation area. The aim of this article was based on factors affecting wheat quality and setting realistic spatial models in each part of the land for assessment of land suitability potentials in Beijing, China. The study employed artificial neural network (ANN) analysis to select factors and evaluate the relative importance of selected environment factors on wheat grain quality. The spatial models were developed and demonstrated their use in selecting the most suitable areas for the winter wheat cultivation. The strategy overcomes the non-accurate traditional statistical methods. Satellite images, toposheet, and ancillary data of the study area were used to find tillable land. These categories were formed by integrating the various layers with corresponding weights in geographical information system (GIS). An integrated land suitability potential (LSP) index was computed considering the contribution of various parameters of land suitability. The study demonstrated that the tillable land could be categorized into spatially distributed agriculture potential zones based on soil nutrient and assembled weather factors using RS and GIS as not suitable, marginally suitable, moderately suitable, suitable, and highly suitable by adopting the logical criteria. The sort of land distribution map made by the factors with their weights showed more truthfulness.

The study of environmental risk has become the scientific foundation and one of an important basis of the environmental risk management and the environmental decision-making. In this paper, we studied the existence of environmental risk characteristics of 560 tons of methylamine-nitro-ethylene, including the analysis of the hazard of raw materials and the products, as well as the potential danger in the production process. Meantime, we calculated the leakage of the toxic and hazardous chemicals in the project, such as ethanol, carbon disulfide, dimethyl sulfate, nitro-methane, methylamine, and etc. Moreover in according with the accident risk assessment, the corresponding control measures were put forward finally.

Possible superconducting order modulation and its effect on the spin susceptibility in the coexisting phase of the stripe and superconducting orders are investigated. It is shown that the superconducting order modulation is mainly caused by the spin-domain-derived scattering, while the charge-domain-derived scattering tends to suppress it in a wide parameter region. The modulation leads to a two-peak structure in the spin excitation spectrum, which is qualitatively consistent with the recent experimental observations in La2-xSrxCuO4. This result suggests the importance of the superconducting order modulation for the understanding of the multiform spin excitations in these cuprate superconductors.

As to the noise pollution of the Hebei University of Engineering north boiler room, we have conducted a series of actual research, monitoring, and analysis of the spectrum of various monitoring sites. According to the results of the spectrum analysis, we found the noise source and proposed noise reduction measures, namely the establishment of sound insulation room in which the drums and induced draft fan installed, and the wall of the room are appended acoustic sound--absorbing material. The results show that this noise reduction method is feasible.

The pollution accident caused by leak and discharge of the exploitation, smelting, use and transportation of oil, and oily wastewater discharge, wastewater irrigation, and volatilization of petroleum products, falling of product of incomplete combustion and so on can cause a series of problems of oil pollution. The damage, the removal methods of the oil pollution and the trends of technique development are introduced in this paper, and indicate that the high efficiency and low investment, resource and no secondary pollution will be the developing trend of oil removal technology in the future.

Environmental risk study is very important because of existence of chemical substance that probably leads to a lot of harm. At present, the environmental risk has become science foundation and one of important basics of the environmental risk management and environmental decision-making.This paper based on the chemical properties of nitromethane including physical and chemical properties, toxicity, explosive harms characteristics are studied and puts forward some preventive measures.

Objective: Establishment the iron (Ⅱ), iron (Ⅲ) the content determines separately method in haematitum.Methods: Sample decomposition with hydrochloric acid and potassium fluoride. Determined the content of iron in different characters mineral medicine haematitum by UV-vis spectroscopy, pH3~5, wavelength 396nm；Determined the content of Fe2+, Obtained the content of Fe3+ by concentration difference. Results: This method is easy to do.The accuracy is good.The returns-ratio is high.The method may take the haematitum quality the control standard.

In this paper, We carried a series of actual inspecting, monitoring and evaluation on the north boiler room of Hebei University of Engineering .The results show that: the main source of the noise in the boiler room is not the combustion noise, but the aerodynamic noise generated from the induced draft fan and blower by monitoring and analysis and single-factor evaluation. The sensitive point around the school north boiler room and measuring points in the internal part of the boiler room both exceeded.

Through the practice for environmental protection in the past few decades, people increasingly recognize that relying solely on the development of more effective pollution control technologies that can achieve environmental improvement is very limited. To care products and the environmental impact of production processes and depend on improving production processes and strengthen the management and other measures to eliminate pollution is more effective. So the cleaner production strategies have emerged. Cleaner production is a great significant to environmental protection strategy of innovation, and is the inevitable choice for sustainable industrial development.

At present, the environmental risk has become science foundation and one of important basis of the environmental risk management and environmental decision-making. This paper based on the chemical properties of carbon disulfide including physical and chemical properties, toxicity, explosive harms characteristics are studied and puts forward some preventive measures.

The risk assessment is a very important aspect in the process of plant construction and operation. The risk factors of Bio-technology Group, Handan Chenguang protein plant are analyzed in this paper. Meantime propose preventive measures and contingency plans. Thus offer technical assurance for the possible risk of the environment when the project launch smoothly .

Manganese in water has low toxicity. The product will form the yellow stain when the industrial water content is high. There are many ways to monitor it. The determination of trace Manganese in the YangjiaoPu source water by oscillographic polarography is introduced in this paper. The result indicate that the standard deviation of this method is 0.001~0.002 mg/L, the relative standard deviation is 2.3~2.5% and the mark-on recovery ranged from 96.8%～105.8%. At the same time several problems needing attention about experiment process are posed in this paper.

Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common and severe disease that has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Understanding the epidemiology of ALI is vital for its prevention and treatment. The present study aimed to analyze the epidemiology of ALI by collecting data from patients that were submitted between 2000 and 2008 into the ‘No. 1 Military Medical Project’ information system. A total of 9,596 ALI patients were analyzed retrospectively, including 7,284 males (75.91%) and 2,312 females (24.09%). The median age of the patients was 44 years (interquartile range, 31–63 years), and there was a significant difference between the median ages of male and female patients (P0.05). In addition, ALI was more prevalent in May, July, August, October, November and December, as compared with the other months. ALI occurred at any age, although 40-years-old was the peak age. There was a significant difference in the age group distributions of male and female ALI patients (P

Claims of sharp reductions in Chinese traffic casualties after 2002 based on police-reported data have been questioned in the literature. The objective of this study is to determine whether a decline in casualties occurred and to better understand the police data.The first of 2 unrelated studies analyzed data from 210 military hospitals throughout China providing records for inpatients injured in traffic accidents (2001-2007). The second compared in-depth crash records (2000-2006) from one city to officially released data.Hospital data showed that casualties increased from 2002 to 2007. The city investigation showed consistently far more fatalities and injuries in the in-depth data than officially released. For example, in-depth data showed 1,720 fatalities. Only 557 of these were reported officially (data loss = 68%). Disaggregating into 3 regions showed a data loss of 41% in urban areas, 63% in rural areas, and 90% in rural-urban fringe zones. For injuries, data losses were even greater.Traffic fatalities and injuries did not decrease from 2002 to 2006. The in-depth city data contained 3 times as many fatalities and 5 times as many injuries as reported by police. Reasons why this occurred and suggestions to improve data collection and reduce casualties are given.

Aims Phagocytosis plays essential roles during inflammation and immune response. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and urocortin (UCN)-promoted phagocytosis of rat macrophages. Main methods To induce phagocytosis, rat macrophages were incubated with carboxylated fluorescent microspheres. The phagocytosis activity was evaluated by flow cytometric analysis. Actin reorganization was determined by immunostaining with TRITC-labeled phalloidin and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Protein expressions of p-RhoA, p-Rac1, p-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK)1/2 and GAPDH were examined by Western blotting. Protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase A (PKA) activities were examined using PreTag non-radio activity assay. Key findings Administration of CRH or UCN alone significantly enhanced phagocytosis of microspheres by rat macrophages, as well as actin reorganization. Ligation of CRH and UCN with CRH receptor increased the phosphorylation of both RhoA and Rac1. Inhibition of RhoA/Rac1 signal pathway suppressed CRH- or UCN-enhanced phagocytosis and actin reorganization. Blockage of PKA signal by MDL-12330A decreased CRH or UCN-promoted p-RhoA and p-Rac1 expressions. Blockage of PKC signal by cholerythine choride decreased CRH or UCN-promoted p-Rac1 expression and UCN-promoted p-RhoA expression, but increased the CRH-induced p-RhoA expression. ERK1/2 was also activated and served as upstream factor of RhoA/Rac1 signal pathway. Significance The results reveal that CRH and UCN promote phagocytosis of rat macrophages through convergent but dissociable pathways. PKA/PKC–ERK1/2-RhoA/Rac1 signal pathway plays an essential role in CRH- and UCN-enhanced phagocytosis.

To investigate the risk factors of mortality in patients with severe chest trauma (SCT).The clinical data of 777 SCT [abbreviated injury scale (AIS) ≥3] patients who were treated in the Chongqing Emergency Medical Center from January 2006 to April 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to explore 15 possible mortality-related risk factors.Seven factors were found to be correlated with the mortality of SCT: age, hemorrhagic shock, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS), pulmonary infection, abdominal organ injury, Glasgow coma scale (GCS) score, and thorax AIS score. Among them five factors were the independent factors that might increase the mortality of SCT: hemorrhagic shock (B=1.710, OR=1.291, P=0.001), MODS (B=3.453, OR=1.028, P0.001), pulmonary infection (B=2.396, OR=10.941, P0.001), abdominal organ injury (B=1.542, OR=1.210, P=0.005), and thorax AIS score ≥4 (B=0.487, OR=1.622, P0.001). Two factors showed protective effects: age ≤60 years (B=-0.035, OR=0.962, P=0.01) and GCS score ≥12 (B=-0.635, OR=0.320, P0.001).Age, disease severity, and complications (hemorrhagic shock, MODS, and pulmonary infection) are independent risk factors of the mortality of SCT. Effective treatment programs targeting these risk factors may improve the outcomes of SCT patients.

To analyze the epidemiological features of severe chest trauma (SCT) and investigate the risk factor of its mortality in the Three Gorges Area of China.The clinical data of 1834 SCT patients who were admitted in three hospitals in this area from January 1990 to December 2009 were retrospectively reviewed. Th epidemiological features of SCT were analyzed using a database. Stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to analyze 15 possible risk factors affecting mortality.The morbidity rates of blunt trauma (68.5% vs. 74.7%,p=0.006) and sharp instrument injury (12.2% vs. 15.9%,p=0.039) showed significant differences before and after 2000. The pre-hospital time [(3.45±2.38)h vs. (2.20±4.39)h,p0.01] and transfer rate (32.39% vs. 36.80%,p=0.01) significantly improved. The thoracic Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS)(3.56±0.71vs. 3.43±0.58,p0.01)score and Revised Trauma Score (RTS)(7.14±2.18 vs. 6.93±1.07,p0.01) significantly increased. Treatment for pulmonary infection (12.63±4.79 vs. 17.16±6.41,p=0.019) and hemorrhagic shock (2.4±0.75 vs. 3.4±1.34,p=0.008 )was significantly improved. The leading cause of death was hypovolemic shock (59.41%). The independent rik factors of death among these SCT patients included: hemorrhagic shock (B=1.710,OR=1.291,p=0.001), multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (B=3.453,OR=1.028,p0.001), pulmonary infection(B=2.396,OR=10.941,p0.001), abdominal organ injury(B=1.542,OR=1.210,p=0.005), and thorax AIS(B=0.487,OR=1.622,p0.001).The prevalence of SCT shows an increasing trend in the Three Gorges Area in recent years, but with a decreased rate of complications and improved treatment. Age, complications, thorax AIS, and GCS are useful prognostic indicators.

RI gene is transfected into human breast cell line MDA-MB-231 which is relatively hypo-expression RI gene. To investigate how RI gene affect the cell apoptosis and invasion of MDA-MB-231.(1) A recombinate pLNCX-RI and an empty pLNCX were transferred into MDA-MB-231 cells by using Lipofectamin(TM) 2000. After transfection, positive clones were screened with G418 and expanded by culture. RT-PCR and Western blot methods were used to analyze expression of RI mRNA and protein in MDA-MB-231 cells before and after transfection. (2) Transwell test, FCM test were used to search for the effects of RI expression on transfected cells apoptosis and invasion. (3)To study preliminarily the related mechanism by which RI induced breast cancer cell apoptosis, the mRNA and protein expression of survivin in MDA-MB-231 cells were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot, and protein expression of Caspase-3 in MDA-MB-231cells were examined by Western blot. (4) To investigate preliminarily the mechanism by which RI inhibited breast cancer cell invasion, the mRNA and protein expression of CD24 in MDA-MB-231 cells were examined by RT-PCR and Western blot.(1) The RI gene was transfected successfully to MDA-MB-231 by using LipofectamineTM2000, the subclone cell lines MDA-MB-231/pLNCX-RI which highly expressed RI were successfully selected. (2) Compared with MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-231/pLNCX cells, the results of FCM and transwell in MDA-MB-231/pLNCX-RI cells indicated: the percentage of cell apoptosis were obviously increased(P0.01), penetrating membrane cells were decreased(P0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of Survivin were degraded, and Caspase-3 was activated in MDA-MB-231/pLNCX-RI cells(P0.01). The mRNA and protein expression of CD24 were degraded in MDA-MB-231/pLNCX-RI cells(P0.01).(1) Exogenous RI expression may promote apoptosis in human breast cells MDA-MB-231 by inhibiting the expression of Survivin and activating caspase-3.(2) Exogenous RI expression may inhibit invasion in MDA-MB-231 by inhibiting expression of CD24.

Winter wheat seedtime is important for wheat growth. It affects the wheat yield and quality. The objective of this study is monitoring the winter wheat seedtime through remote sensing imagery. Two HJ-1B images and one Landsat5 TM image were used in this study. Three Vegetation Indices, DVI, SAVI and RDVI were calculated. The correlation about the wheat seedtime and VIs were analyzed. The result indicated that wheat growth was negatively correlated with seedtime. Wheat VIs during 40-60 days after sowing is best for seedtime monitoring. The correlation coefficient for DVI of November 22th HJ-1B and seedtime reached -0.51. The seedtime for whole wheat plant field of Beijing area was inverted through the model. The results show that area for seeded before Sept 30th was about 12.7 thousands ha, 31. 8 thousands ha between Oct 1th and Oct 8th, and 16.2 thousands ha seeded after Oct 8th during 2009-2010 year.

In the acetophenone degradation process by electro-Fenton, the variation trend of fluorescence characteristics of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in acetophenone synthetic wastewater was detected by excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectra. The fluorescence spectra characteristics of acetophenone were studied, and the fitting line of fluorescence intensity and acetophenone removal efficiency was discussed in detail. The results show that the locations of the two fluorescence centers of acetophenone synthetic wastewater are at lambda(Ex/Em) = 270/305 nm (Peak A) and lambda(Ex/Em) = 215/305 nm (Peak B), respectively, and the ratio of Peak A/Peak B is 1.22. In the electro-Fenton treatment process, firstly, acetophenone was decomposed into unsaturated fatty acid which had stronger fluorescence intensity, further, it was degraded into short-chain small molecular compounds which have weaker fluorescence intensity. Therefore, the fluorescence intensity of synthetic wastewater was increased at first and decreased afterwards in the entire 180 min electro-Fenton treatment process. The two-dimensional fluorescence peak at 285-375 nm of emission wavelength (at lambda(Ex) = 250 nm) had a good linear relationship with the removal efficiency of acetophenone, therefore, it could reflect effectively the removal efficiency of acetophenone in the whole electro-Fenton treatment process.

The aim of this study is to compare the clinical effects of percutaneous reconstruction plate and percutaneous sacroiliac screws in treatment of unstable posterior pelvic ring fracture.Fifty-eight patients with unstable posterior pelvic ring fracture treated with two methods from March 2002 to October 2007 were enrolled in the study and divided into two groups according to two kinds of internal fixation: percutaneous reconstruction plate (20 males and 9 females, at mean age 37.3 ± 11.3 years) and percutaneous sacroiliac screws (21 males and 8 females, at mean age 39.3 ± 10.4 years). Causes of injury included traffic accident in 38 patients, fall from height in 17, and crush in 3. The correlative data of operation duration, number of X-ray exposures, intraoperative bleeding volume, length of incision, Majeed postoperative functional evaluation, and postoperative complications were analyzed statistically.All 58 patients were followed up for 12-36 months (mean duration 21.3 months). There was statistical difference for operation duration, number of X-ray exposures, size of incision, and intraoperative bleeding volume between the two groups. Majeed postoperative functional evaluation indicated excellent and good rates of 86.1% for percutaneous reconstruction plate and 88.2% for percutaneous sacroiliac screws.The clinical effect of the two methods is similar in treatment of Tile C pattern posterior pelvic ring fracture. However, the percutaneous reconstruction plate has lower risk of damaging nerves and blood vessels than the percutaneous sacroiliac screws. Moreover, intraoperative fluoroscopy is rarely performed.

To detect the protein markers in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of the patients with lung cancer by surface-enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF-MS) technology, and to explore if they can be used as markers for the diagnosis of lung cancer.SELDI-TOF-MS technology and protein chips weak cation exchange (WCX-2 chip) were used to detect the protein mass spectrum in serum and BALF of 35 patients with lung cancer and 18 cases of benign pulmonary diseases. The different protein markers were analyzed by Biomarker Pattern Software and the initial diagnosis models were set up. The diagnosis models were verified further by blind screen to confirm the efficacy of diagnosis.Five protein peaks in the sera of the patients with lung cancer were significantly higher (P0.05). The protein peak with a mass/charge ratio (M/Z) of 5639 was selected to establish the classification tree model. The sensitivity of diagnosis was 80% (28/35) and the specificity was 78% (14/18). The results verified by blind screen showed a sensitivity of 85% (17/20), a specificity of 90% (9/10), a crude accuracy (CA) of 87% (26/30) and Youden's index (γ) of 0.7. Eight protein peaks in the BALF of the patients with lung cancer were significantly higher (P0.05). The different protein peaks with M/Z of 7976 and 11 809 respectively were selected to establish the classification tree model. The sensitivity of diagnosis was 86% (30/35) and the specificity was 72% (13/18). The results verified by blind screen showed a sensitivity of 90% (18/20), a specificity of 90% (9/10), a CA of 90% (27/30) and γ of 0.8. There was a complementary role in combination of differential proteins in serum and BALF and the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of diagnosis for lung cancer were 100% by parallel test.The SELDI-TOF-MS technology can screen out the differential protein markers in serum and BALF of the patients with lung cancer, which show high sensitivity and specificity as tumor markers. The differential proteins in the BALF may be more promising for clinical application.

To scan the protein mass spectra in the sera and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) from patients with peripheral lung cancer, screen out the differential proteins, and explore the clinical significance of the differential proteins.SELDI-TOF-MS was used to detect the protein mass spectra and to screen out the differential proteins in the sera and BALF collected before and after lung biopsy in 20 patients with peripheral lung cancer and 20 patients with benign pulmonary diseases. The differential proteins were analyzed and the initial diagnostic models were set up.(1) There were 6 differential protein peaks in the sera of the 2 groups (P0.05). The protein with a mass/charge ratio (M/Z) of 6637 was selected to establish the diagnostic model. The sensitivity of diagnosing peripheral lung cancer was 70% (14/20), the specificity 90% (18/20), the accuracy 80% (32/40), the positive predictive value (PV+) 88% (14/16), the negative predictive value (PV-) 75% (18/24), and the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.73. (2) There were 11 differential protein peaks in the BALF collected before lung cancer biopsy of the 2 groups (P0.05). The protein with a M/Z of 7982 was selected to establish the diagnostic model. The sensitivity of diagnosing peripheral lung cancer was 85% (17/20), the specificity 90% (18/20), the accuracy 88% (35/40), the PV+ 89% (17/19), the PV- 86% (18/21), and the AUC was 0.94. (3) There were 14 differential protein peaks in the BALF collected after lung cancer biopsy of the 2 groups (P0.05). The protein with a M/Z of 7671 was selected to establish the diagnostic model. The sensitivity of diagnosing peripheral lung cancer was 85% (17/20), the specificity 100% (20/20), the accuracy 93% (37/40), the PV+ 100% (17/17), the PV- 87% (20/23), and the AUC was 0.93.There were more differential proteins in BALF as compared with sera. There were more differential proteins in the BALF collected after lung biopsy as compared to that before lung biopsy. The AUC of the diagnostic models set up by proteins in BALF collected before and after lung biopsy were all above 0.9 and showed higher efficiency for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer as compared to proteins in sera. These differential proteins may be better tumor markers for the diagnosis of peripheral lung cancer at the early stage.

The stress neuropeptide, corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is expressed in peripheral tissues and inflammatory sites and is implicated in the modulation of the inflammatory response in a paracrine/ autocrine manner. However, the mechanisms by which CRH expression is regulated in peripheral immune cells are unclear. In this article, we address this question by employing primary rat peritoneal macrophages treated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Our results showed that CRH could be detected at the mRNA and protein levels in normal peritoneal macrophages and the levels increased significantly and reached a peak at 4 h after stimulation with 100 ng/ml LPS. Furthermore, LPS-induced CRH expression was inhibited by pretreatment with PD98059, a specific MAP kinase inhibitor, in a dose-dependent fashion in which the mRNA and protein levels of CRH was decreased by 90% and 95%, respectively. In addition, pretreatment with 50 μM SB203580, a p38 MAPK inhibitor, led to the decrease of CRH mRNA level by about 41%. Altogether, these results demonstrate that LPS significantly upregulates CRH expression through MAP kinase signaling pathway in rat peritoneal macrophages.

To validate the hypothesis that there exists an optimal axial compression stress range to enhance tibial fracture healing.Rabbits with a surgically induced V-shaped tibial fracture were separated into 2 main groups: the control group (C Group, n equal to 6) without application of any axial compression stress stimulation postoperatively and the stimulation group (S Group, n equal to 90). The S Group was further divided into 20 subgroups (S11 to S54) in terms of 5 axial compression stress stimulation levels (112.8 kPa, 289.8 kPa, 396.5 kPa, 472.7 kPa, and 602.3 kPa) and 4 experimental endpoints (1, 3, 5 and 8 weeks after operation). A custom made circular external fixator was used to provide the axial compression stress of the fracture sites. Based on X-ray observation, a fracture healing scoring system was created to evaluate the fracture healing process.At 8 weeks after operation, there existed a "arch shape" relationship between healing score and axial compression stress stimulation level of fracture site. The optimal axial compression stress stimulation ranged from 289.8 kPa to 472.7 kPa, accompanying the best fracture healing, i.e. the fracture line became indistinct or almost disappeared, and a lot of callus jointed the two fracture ends. Meanwhile, at 5 weeks after operation, corresponding to the relatively low healing scores, there was a fracture healing performance similar to that at 8 weeks. Besides, at 1 or 3 weeks after operation, for all the axial compression stress levels (0-602.3 kPa), no obvious healing effect was found.It is implied from the stated X-ray observation results in this study that the potential optimal axial compression stress stimulation and optimal fracture healing time are available. The axial compression stress level of 289.8-472.7 kPa and fracture healing time of more than 8 weeks jointly comprise the optimal axial compression stress stimulation conditions to enhance tibial fracture healing.

A catastrophic earthquake struck Wenchuan region of West China on May 12, 2008 and caused more than 69 225 deaths. This study was to analyze injury characteristics and treatment of the seismic patients based on Chinese Trauma Databank, which will be helpful for improvement of future medical rescue in potential disasters.Based on inpatients'medical records of seismic patients admitted into 11 hospitals, data were registered with Trauma Database System Version 3.0. Patients'general information, causes, clinical characteristics and treatment of injuries were studied.Main causes for seismic injuries were blunt strike (68.2%), crush/burying (18.7%) and slip/falling (11.5%). Slip/falling was the main cause for spinal injuries and accounted for 19.1%, which was higher than the percentage for other body part. Extremity injuries accounted for 54.8% of all injuries. Fractures accounted for 53.1%. Lower extremity fracture accounted for 70.1% of lower extremity injury and spinal fracture accounted for 85.9% of spinal injury. The proportion of spinal injuries with AIS larger than or equal to 4 was higher than that of other injured locations except for the abdomen. Debridement and suturation for single injury and multiple injury patients accounted for 64.7% and 42.9% of their operations respectively.Blunt strike, crush/burying and slip/falling are the main causes for seismic injuries. The most frequently injured site is extremity. The main injury type is fracture, especially for the lower extremities and the spine. Multiple injury patients were mainly treated by operation, including debridement and suturation, closed reduction and external fixation, etc.