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The seriousness of the diseases caused by aging have recently gained attention. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a chronic neurodegenerative disease, accounts for 60–80% of senile dementia cases. Continuous research is being conducted on the cause of Alzheimer’s disease, and it is believed to include complex factors, such as genetic factors, the accumulation of amyloid beta plaques, a tangle of tau protein, oxidative stress, cholinergic dysfunction, neuroinflammation, and cell death. Sinapic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid found in plant families, such as oranges, grapefruit, cranberry, mustard seeds, and rapeseeds. It exhibits various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, and anti-depressant effects. Sinapic acid is an acetylcholine esterase inhibitor that can be applied to the treatment of dementia caused by Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease. However, electrophysiological studies on the effects of sinapic acid on memory and learning must still be conducted. Therefore, it was confirmed that sinapic acid was effective in long-term potentiation (LTP) using organotypic hippocampal segment tissue. In addition, the effect on scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment was measured by oral administration of sinapic acid 10 mg/kg/day for 14 days, and behavioral experiments related to short-term and long-term spatial memory and avoidance memory were conducted. Sinapic acid increased the activity of the field excitatory postsynaptic potential (fEPSP) in a dose-dependent manner after TBS, and restored fEPSP activity in the CA1 region suppressed by scopolamine. The scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment group showed lower results than the control group in the Y-maze, Passive avoidance (PA), and Morris water maze (MWM) experiments. Sinapic acid improved avoidance memory, short and long-term spatial recognition learning, and memory. In addition, sinapic acid weakened the inhibition of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) and the activation of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (COX-2) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) induced by scopolamine in the hippocampus. These results show that sinapic acid is effective in restoring LTP and cognitive impairment induced by the cholinergic receptor blockade. Moreover, it showed the effect of alleviating the reduction in scopolamine-induced BDNF and TrkB, and alleviated neuroinflammatory effects by inhibiting the increase in COX-2 and IL-1β. Therefore, we showed that sinapic acid has potential as a treatment for neurodegenerative cognitive impairment.

Background: An association between low muscle mass and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been suggested. We investigated this relationship using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP). Methods: A retrospective cohort of subjects had liver FibroScan® (Echosens, Paris, France) and bioelectrical impedance analyses during health screening exams. Low muscle mass was defined based on appendicular skeletal muscle mass/body weight ratios of one (class I) or two (class II) standard deviations below the sex-specific mean for healthy young adults. Results: Among 960 subjects (58.1 years; 67.4% male), 344 (45.8%, class I) and 110 (11.5%, class II) had low muscle mass. After adjusting for traditional metabolic risk factors, hepatic steatosis, defined as a CAP ≥ 248 dB/m, was associated with low muscle mass (class I, odds ratio (OR): 1.96, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.38–2.78; class II, OR: 3.33, 95% CI: 1.77–6.26). A dose-dependent association between the grade of steatosis and low muscle mass was also found (class I, OR: 1.88, for CAP ≥ 248,

Fe-TiO2 supported on spherical activated carbon (Fe-TiO2/SAC) with different Fe contents was prepared by heat treatment process after ion exchange method. The prepared Fe-TiO2/SAC was characterized by SEM, EDS, and BET. Batch experiments for photocatalytic degradation of humic acid by Fe-TiO2/SAC were carried out in the fluidized bed photoreactor. It was found that 0 wt% Fe-TiO2/SAC had high photocatalytic activity in the wavelength range of 100~280 nm. However, Fe-TiO2/SAC with Fe contents of 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8 wt% exhibited higher photocatalytic activity than 0 wt% Fe-TiO2/SAC in the wavelength range of 315~400 nm compared to that of 100~280 nm. The optimum Fe content was 0.6 wt% for maximum photocatalytic degradation of humic acid. Moreover, Fe-TiO2/SAC does not require an additional process step for separation of photocatalyst from treated water after photocatalysis.

Recent years have seen a sharp rise in crime, raising concerns about neighborhood safety among the general public. A number of security technologies, such as digital door locks, closed-circuit televisions (cctvs), and alarm systems, have been developed and implemented. Even though most buildings have cctv installed, manually monitoring the footage takes a lot of manpower. The hog (histogram of oriented gradients) algorithm is widely used for object detection in computer vision. In particular, it shows good performance in face recognition and motion detection. In addition to identifying the user, the proposed system allows for mobile engagement, allowing the user to see the video, set off the alarm, and even receive notifications when an unknown person approaches the residence. The system proposed in the paper seeks to improve the performance of the current surveillance system by applying additional functions. The system was implemented to recognize people through real-time monitoring and send warnings if they are not registered users. Additionally, the system can be used to quickly report to the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]