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Background: Long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) LUADT1 is a known oncogenic lncRNA in lung cancer. This study aimed to explore the roles of LUADT1 in melanoma. Materials and Methods: Sixty pairs of melanom...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), an important part of the renin-angiotensin system, is implicated in stimulating the fibrotic processes in the heart, lung, liver and kidney, while an ACE inhibitor (ACEI) promotes physiological tissue repair in these organs. The mechanism is closely related to TGF-β1 pathways. However, the reported effects of applying ACEIs during scar formation are unclear. Hence, we explored the anti-fibrotic effects of an ACEI and the molecular mechanisms involved in a mouse scar model. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH After a full-thickness skin wound operation, ACE wild-type mice were randomly assigned to receive either ramipril, losartan or hydralazine p.o. ACE knockout (KO) mice and negative control mice only received vehicle (water). Wound/scar widths during wound healing and histological examinations were recorded at the final day. The ability of ACEI to reduce fibrosis via TGF-β1 signalling was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. KEY RESULTS ACE KO mice and mice that received ramipril showed narrower wound/scar width, reduced fibroblast proliferation, decreased collagen and TGF-β1 expression. ACEI attenuated the phosphorylation of small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad2/3) and TGF-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) both in vitro and in vivo. The expression of ACE-related peptides varied in murine models with different drug treatments. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS ACEI showed anti-fibrotic properties in scar formation by mediating downstream peptides to suppress TGF-β1/Smad and TGF-β1/TAK1 pathways. These findings suggest that dual inhibition of Smad and TAK1 signalling by ACEI is a useful strategy for the development of new anti-fibrotic agents.

Potential energy curves (PECs) for the ground and first-excited electronic states of Na2 are obtained by fitting the ab initio energies calculated at the MRCI(Q)/aug-cc-pVXZ (X = T, Q, 5) level of theory, which are subsequently extrapolated to the complete basis set limit. The relativistic effect and core–valence correlation are also considered. The PECs are accurate at both short and long internuclear distances with the root-mean-squared deviations being 0.72 cm−1 for Na2 [Formula: see text] and 0.36 cm−1 for Na2 [Formula: see text]. Utilizing the obtained PECs, we calculate the spectroscopic parameters, vibrational energy levels, classical turning points, inertial rotation, and centrifugal distortion constants, which are in good agreement with other theoretical and experimental work.

We are reporting on a wavelength-controlled anomalous angular light scattering with a very high spatial angular dispersion in correspondence to a very small frequencies range. Essentially, we present a device able to Y-split in-air wavelengths of a laser beam few tens of nanometers away from each other. We explain its working mechanism through Moire-interactions between structured-light and all-dielectric matter structured by light. More precisely, we ascribe this effect to Moire-beats between holographic patterns recorded in a material and a spatially modulated wave-front of a probe-beam with slightly different spatial frequency content.

This retrospective study investigated the efficacy and safety of escitalopram oxalate (ESO) for the treatment of post-stroke depression (PSD). A total of 115 patients with PSD were included in this study. A total of 65 patients underwent ESO (Intervention group). A total of 50 patients received acupressure (Control group). The outcome measurements included Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Sheehan Disability Scale (SDS). In addition, we also recorded the adverse events in this study. At the end of 8-week treatment, ESO showed greater efficacy in depression, measured by MADRS (P .05). The present results indicate that ESO can decrease symptoms of patients with PSD.

Twenty-one individuals of Hydropsyche from An-hui and Zhe-jiang Provinces, China, were examined and their DNA barcode sequences were generated and analyzed. The larvae and males of H. arion, H. columnata, H. simulata, and H. trifora were associated by mtCOI gene sequences. The larvae of H. arion, H. columnata, and H. trifora are described in detail and their diagnostic photographs are provided. Character photographs of the H. simulata larva are also presented. A key to 5th instar larvae of 15 species of Chinese Hydropsyche is provided.

Marchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is a rare disease in patients with chronic alcoholism and is characterized by symmetric demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callosum. Clinical features include neuropsychiatric disorders, dysarthria, tetraparesis, astasia-abasia, impaired consciousness and symptoms of interhemispheric disconnection. The lesions in MBD are not restricted to the corpus callosum, but also occur in extracallosal regions. However, no case of MBD with extracallosal lesions confined to one side of the brain has been reported. We present a patient with MBD showing asymmetric extracallosal lesions and complete resolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) abnormalities. A 38-year-old, right-handed man admitted to our emergency department due to general weakness and slurred speech. There was no fever, headache, dysphagia, vertigo, tinnitus, or hemisensory change. He had a history of chronic alcohol abuse for 20 years. His brother reported that he had consumed a daily average of 250 ml of spirit (Chinese liquor). Neurological evaluation revealed the patient in an altered mental state and tetraparesis. He received cranial computed tomography (CT) scan 13 h after onset in the emergency department of our hospital. Cranial CT was normal. Another brain CT performed 2 days after onset was also normal. Then the patient was transferred to the neurology intensive care unit (NICU). Laboratory tests found that serum folate and vitamin B12 levels were lower. Syphilis and HIV serology was negative. Cardiac evaluation including electrocardiogram and heart ultrasound was normal. Magnetic resonance imaging on day 3 demonstrated hyperintensity at the corpus callosum (splenium), right frontal lobe and right hemispheric white matter on diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) mapping showed relative hypointensity in the aforementioned lesions. T1 and T2-weighted MR imaging did not clearly show the lesions (Figures 1–6). Figure 1 Hyperintensity in corpus callosum (DWI) Figure 6 Hypointensity in right hemisphere (ADC) Figure 2 Hypointensity in corpus callosum (ADC) Figure 3 Isointensity in corpus callosum (T2) Figure 4 Hyperintensity in right frontal lobe (DWI) Figure 5 Hyperintensity in right hemisphere (DWI) On the basis of clinical and imaging features, MBD was diagnosed. The patient received thiamine every day. On day 13, the patient's conscious state improved. Neurological evaluation revealed that he was apathetic, dysarthric, tetraparetic. On day 22, follow-up MR imaging demonstrated disappearance of signal-intensity abnormalities on DWI (Figures 7–10). The patient was still apathetic, dysarthric and tetraparetic on day 39, and he was transferred to the community hospital for rehabilitation treatment. Figure 7 Isointensity in corpus callosum (DWI) Figure 10 Isointensity in right hemispheric (DWI) Figure 8 Isointensity in corpus callosum (DWI) Figure 9 Isointensity in frontal lobe (DWI) Marchiafava-Bignami disease is a rare disease mainly associated with alcoholism, which results in symmetrical demyelination and necrosis of the corpus callous. Because clinical signs are nonspecific, MRI is essential to confirm the diagnosis. However, conventional MRI may miss the diagnosis of MBD. Sugeno et al. [1] reported a patient who presented with alcohol-withdrawal delirium. The DWI demonstrated a high intensity area in the corpus callosum. But T2-weighted MRI did not clearly show the lesion. In our case, we found hyperintensity at the corpus callosum (splenium), right frontal lobe and right hemispheric white matter on DWI. The ADC mapping showed relative hypointensity in the aforementioned lesions. T1 and T2-weighted MRI did not clearly show the lesions. Studies [2–6] using DWI have shown a low ADC value, which has been interpreted as demonstrating the presence of cytotoxic oedema in the corpus callosum. These results demonstrate that pathologic change in acute MBD is due in part to cytotoxic oedema of the cortex, and reflect the differing degrees of damage, from demyelination to necrosis. In the early stage, cytotoxic oedema could only be detected by the DWI. This may explain why conventional MRI cannot reveal the lesions. Interestingly, our patient showed asymmetric extracallosal lesions and complete resolution of the MRI abnormalities. To date, no case of MBD with extracallosal lesions confined to one side of brain has been reported. However, the reasons are still unclear. Seung et al. [7] reported a patient with MBD who received perfusion weighted MRI (PWI) and MR spectroscopy (MRS). The PWI measures of each lesion revealed that the cerebral blood flow and cerebral blood volume of the splenium decreased initially and subsequently increased 10 days later. Therefore, they speculated that ischemia may contribute to the cortex lesions. Hypoperfusion and ischemia of one side of the brain may be the cause of pathogenesis. It is important for us to know how to treat the disease. Matti et al. [8] reviewed 122 reports containing data on 153 subjects with confirmed MBD. They observed a significant trend for a better overall outcome in subjects who were treated with thiamine compared with those who remained untreated. Early thiamine treatment significantly reduced the risk of a poor outcome. Some papers [9–11] have reported improvements after steroid treatment. The administration of thiamine may have become a treatment option. Whether to give corticosteroid therapy is still controversial. It is also interesting that our patient received thiamine and obtained complete resolution of the MRI abnormalities. But the patient was still apathetic, dysarthric and tetraparetic. These indicators can decide the prognosis of patients with MBD. The outcome of MBD may be variable. Menegon et al. and Heinrich et al. [12, 13] stated that involvement of the entire callosum and of the cortex was a poor prognostic factor. Some papers [3, 5, 14, 15] reported patients with MBD who had extracallosal lesions and a favourable course. In Seung et al.'s [7] research, MRS showed persistent neuronal dysfunction after resolution of the lesions on conventional MRI, and this finding correlated well with the clinical status. Sebastian et al. [16] reported two cases of MBD studied with MRI, including diffusion-tensor imaging (DTI) and fibre tractography. The FA values were initially similar to those of a healthy age-matched control. However, at 4-month follow-up, FA values were lower, and the decreases were more prominent in the areas with initial T2, FLAIR, and DWI signal alterations. The DTI findings suggest that corpus callosum white matter fibres are initially intact and are damaged later during the course of MBD. Multimodal MRI, such as MRS and DTI, may explain the inconsistent results. Although imaging lesions disappeared, there was still abnormal metabolism of brain tissue and fibre integrity was broken in the areas with abnormal signal alterations. These may explain the patient with lesions restored but still paralyzed. It was regretted that our patient did not receive MRS examination. In conclusion, DWI and ADC are necessary in the diagnosis of MBD. The MRS and DTI may be superior in prognosis prediction of patients with MBD.

Pupae of two Hydropsyche species collected from Zhe-jiang Province, China, were examined and their barcode sequences were generated and analyzed. The pupae of H. simulata and H. homunculus were associated with their adult males by mtCOI gene sequences, described, illustrated, and diagnosed.

The aim of the present study was to develop a method which can solve the problem of partial tearing of the Achilles tendon insertion caused by the debridement for Haglund's syndrome using endoscopy-assisted percutaneous repair. Seven patients with Haglund's syndrome were prospectively recruited. All 7 patients (3 female, 4 male) had intratendinous calcifications. Preoperative diagnosis was made according to the clinical symptoms and diagnosis, medical examination results, plain film radiographs, and magnetic resonance imaging. The patients whose average age was 35.2 years, had experienced symptoms and were treated by conservative methods for 12-24 months (average 17.1 months). All 7 cases were treated with debridement of Achilles tendon insertion site with a standard 4.0 mm bur and underwent repair treatment with a modified Bunnell suture method under direct visualization using arthroscopy. The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the changes of the patient's parallel pitch lines were used to evaluate and assess the results. The follow-up period averaged 22 months. The lateral X-ray film after operation of all the heels of the patients showed that sufficient osseous planning of all the patients was completed. None of the patients converted to conventional open surgery. The average AOFAS scores of the 7 cases were improved significantly at final follow-up compared to pretherapy (P

Background: The primary objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of using acupressure as an adjunctive therapy to sodium valproate (SV) combined with acupressure (ASV) on the prevention of chronic migraine with aura (CMA). Methods: A total of 98 patients with CMA were randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group, with 49 patients in each group. The patients in the intervention group received ASV, while the participants in the control group received SV alone. The primary outcome was measured by the numeric rating scale (NRS). The secondary outcomes including frequency of migraine attacks, the times of using analgesics, and quality of life, measured by the short-form 36 Health Survey Scale (SF-36) score. In addition, adverse events (AEs) were also recorded throughout the trial. The outcomes were measured at the end of the 8-week treatment, and 4-week follow-up. Results: After the 8-week treatment and 4-week follow-up, ASV efficacy was not greater than that of SV alone regarding pain relief, as measured using the NRS, and frequency of migraine attacks, consumption of analgesics, and quality of life, as measured using the SF-36. However, ASV can significantly reduce the nausea when compared with SV (P = .04). Conclusion: The present results indicate that ASV can decrease migraine-related nausea during treatment, but cannot relieve pain or enhance quality of life in patients with CMA.

Nine individuals of Apatidelia from Zhejiang Province, China were examined and their barcode sequences were generated and analyzed. A new species, A. morsei Xu & Sun sp. nov., is described and illustrated. The larva, male and female of A. acuminata Leng & Yang, 1998 and the male and female of A. morsei Xu & Sun sp. nov. are associated by mtCOI gene sequences. The male of A. acuminata Leng & Yang, 1998 is re-described and re-illustrated, and the female and the larva of the same species are also described and illustrated. Females and larvae of the genus are here reported for the first time.

Terahertz (THz) spectroscopy and imaging have been heralded for some time as potentially revolutionary techniques for biomedical applications. Label-free detection of molecules and recognition of molecular events are often mentioned as the most exciting possibilities. A crucial practical goal, however, is the ability to perform such measurements on tiny amounts of biological fluids or even on individual organic structures. Living cells, for instance, have diameters at most of some tens of micrometers, i.e. at least λ/10 even for few-THz radiation. Furthermore, all analyses relevant for a biological perspective must be performed in a water environment, which presents a strong absorption across the whole THz spectral range, severely limiting the penetration of the electromagnetic field. Here, it is shown how both issues can be overcome with a lab-on-a-chip approach based on a microfluidic platform coupled to a plasmonic antenna. Using a quantum cascade laser as THz illumination source, liquid volumes down to the picoliter range are probed, and direct operation on individual 10-μm diameter microparticles flowing in water is shown. The present demonstration opens the way to the development of THz biosensing of individual living cells and small probe volumes. A THz lab-on-a-chip device based on a microfluidic platform coupled to an integrated plasmonic antenna is shown. Using a quantum cascade laser as illumination source, liquid volumes down to the picoliter range are probed. A proof-of-concept experiment is performed in which single 10-μm diameter (∼ λ/10) microparticles flowing in water are identified and investigated. The present demonstration opens the way to the development of THz biosensing of individual living cells and small probe volumes.

Background More than 600 deaths of all causes have been documented over the 40-year duration of the Bogalusa Heart Study. Of these, 97 deaths have been related to cardiovascular events, based on obituaries published in local newspapers, death certificates obtained from the State Health Department, information from the coroner and word of mouth by nursing staff from the community. Methods This study was a retrospective longitudinal cohort with several observations of each subject. It consisted of 6 cross-sectional surveys of children aged 5-7 years, conducted between 1973 and 1988, and 4 cross-sectional surveys of previously examined subjects as young adults extending into middle age, conducted between 1988 and 2010. Results Excluding pulmonary, congenital and noncoronary cardiovascular diseases, 46 deaths (average age at death = 44.7 years, range: 31-55) were considered to have been related to coronary artery disease, that is, myocardial infarction. Cardiovascular risk factor observations, gathered from multiple surveys (average of 4.4 surveys, range: 1-14) since childhood, indicated that body fatness and elevated blood pressure beginning in childhood were more common in subjects who later died of coronary artery disease than in living subjects. Conclusions The present findings emphasize that sub-clinical cardiovascular disease begins early in life and that early prevention is vital.

Nanoplasmonics exploits the coupling between light and collective electron density oscillations (plasmons) to bypass the stringent limits imposed by diffraction. This coupling enables confinement of light to sub-wavelength volumes and is usually exploited in nanostructured metals. Substantial efforts are being made at the current frontier of the field to employ electron systems in semiconducting and semimetallic materials since these add the exciting possibility of realizing electrically tunable and/or active nanoplasmonic devices. Here we demonstrate that a suitable design of the doping profile in a semiconductor nanowire (NW) can be used to tailor the plasmonic response and induce localization effects akin to those observed in metal nanoparticles. Moreover, by field-effect carrier modulation, we demonstrate that these localized plasmon resonances can be spatially displaced along the nanostructure body, thereby paving the way for the implementation of spatially tunable plasmonic circuits., Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures

We report on the observation of a modulated pattern induced by a single laser beam in a polymeric film. In spite of the simple geometrical configuration, the analysis of the far field diffraction pattern allows a sensitive retrieving of the wavelength of the recording beam and of its incidence angle, pointing out the high information content of the recorded spot. A theoretical model is presented which satisfactorily explains the observed behavior. It takes into account the interaction of structured light with structured matter with the same symmetries and spatial modulation frequencies close to each other. This result shows a feature of the interaction between structured light and structured matter which has not been explored yet. (C) 2016 Optical Society of America

Cutaneous scars (particularly hypertrophic and keloid scars), not only can cause adverse cosmetic problems, but also can be associated with emotional distress such as anxiety and depression. Comparing with other surgical treatments, patients who do not opt for or cannot opt for invasion therapies are more eligible for using the topical anti-scarring agents. In this mini-review, we have researched for and collected the data between October 2005 and October 2015, in PubMed and Web of Science, and identified those agents including silicone-based products, imiquimod, corticosteroids, 5-fluorouracil, bleomycin, mitomycin, and plant extracts such as onion extract, asiaticoside, aloe vera, vitamin E, and so on. Besides, we have listed these popular products in commercial market with their useful information. We have also described the combined process according to our clinical experience. However, to establish the more effective treatment among different types of topical agents or their combined process, large, well-designed head-to-head comparisons between individual and combined preparations in relevant patient populations are urgently needed.

Background Reduction mammoplasty (RM) is a proven method of treating macromastia, but the risk factors for postoperative complications have not been clearly identified. Through this meta-analysis, the authors aimed to identify the risk factors of RM complications. Methods An extensive search of the literature describing complications after RM was performed using the PubMed Central, Embase, and Cochrane databases. The following risk factors were extracted: age, body mass index (BMI), tissue resection weight per breast (TRW), smoking and radiation therapy. Odds ratios (OR) were pooled with 95% confidence intervals (CI) to evaluate the relationship between these risk factors and complications after RM. Results A total of 16 unique studies including 10 593 patients were included in the final analysis. It showed that there was a significant difference in complications in BMI ≥30 kg/m2 (OR 0.73; 95% CI: 0.61-0.89, p = 0.001) and smoking (OR 1.56; 95% CI: 0.98-2.49, p = 0.06). Infection in those with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 showed a significant difference (OR 0.68; 95% CI: 0.52-0.89, p = 0.004), as well as wound dehiscence in smokers (OR 2.73; 95% CI: 1.60-4.67, p = 0.0002) and infection in irradiated breasts (OR 20.38; 95% CI: 3.42-121.35, p = 0.0009). However, there was no significant difference in age ≥50 years (OR 0.96; 95% CI: 0.71-1.29, p = 0.78), combined TRW ≥1000 g (OR 1.04; 95% CI: 0.43-2.50, p = 0.93). Conclusions BMI ≥30 kg/m2 and smoking increase the risk of complications. Persons who are obese or irradiated are more likely to develop infections, and smokers experienced a higher incidence of wound dehiscence than did nonsmokers. However, patients aged ≥50 years and TRW ≥1000 g are not associated with complications from RM.

This study evaluated the effect of muscle satellite cells (MSCs) overexpressing myogenin (MyoG) on denervated muscle atrophy. Rat MSCs were isolated and transfected with the MyoG-EGFP plasmid vector GV143. MyoG-transfected MSCs (MTMs) were transplanted into rat gastrocnemius muscles at 1 week after surgical denervation. Controls included injections of untransfected MSCs or the vehicle only. Muscles were harvested and analyzed at 2, 4, and 24 weeks post-transplantation. Immunofluorescence confirmed MyoG overexpression in MTMs. The muscle wet weight ratio was significantly reduced at 2 weeks after MTM injection (67.17±6.79) compared with muscles injected with MSCs (58.83±5.31) or the vehicle (53.00±7.67; t=2.37, P=0.04 and t=3.39, P=0.007, respectively). The muscle fiber cross-sectional area was also larger at 2 weeks after MTM injection (2.63×103±0.39×103) compared with MSC injection (1.99×103±0.58×103) or the vehicle only (1.57×103±0.47×103; t=2.24, P=0.049 and t=4.22, P=0.002, respectively). At 4 and 24 weeks post-injection, the muscle mass and fiber cross-sectional area were similar across all three experimental groups. Immunohistochemistry showed that the MTM group had larger MyoG-positive fibers. The MTM group (3.18±1.13) also had higher expression of MyoG mRNA than other groups (1.41±0.65 and 1.03±0.19) at 2 weeks after injection (t=2.72, P=0.04). Transplanted MTMs delayed short-term atrophy of denervated muscles. This approach can be optimized as a novel stand-alone therapy or as a bridge to surgical re-innervation of damaged muscles.

Stenopsyche sp. 1 (Fig. 11) Larva (5 th instar). Body length 43 mm. Head and pronotum strongly sclerotized. Head: length 5 mm, width 1.25 mm (n= 3), subrectangular, setae brown, long. Ground color brown, with distinct punctate pattern as follows: frontoclypeal apotome with dark stripes and spots forming ghost face; other portions of head capsule with scattered dark spots or stripes of coalesced black dots, and dark stripe along ventral ecdysial line in ventral view. Eyes small, eye areas large, pale. Labrum dark brown mesally and light brown laterally, with 2 hair brushes at anterior margin. Frontoclypeus yellow, with 3 indistinct longitudinal pale lines separating 4 rectangular darker areas. Mandibles dark brown basally and black distally, in ventral view with 4 apical teeth, only left mandible with mesal brush of stiff hairs. Mentum semicircular, anterior margin with mesal tongue-like lobe, single seta on each side. Anterior ventral apotome black, triangular, about 1 / 8 th as long as ventral ecdysial line. Pair of # 18 setae near posteroventral margin with each seta located at center of dark brown triangular spot and posterior to base of ventral ecdysial line; distance from each seta to posteroventral margin shorter than distance of that setae to ventral ecdysial line (d 1:d 2 = 1: 1.67). Thorax: Pronotum heavily sclerotized, subrectangular in dorsal view, ventrolateral margin sinuous in lateral view, brown, mesal basodorsal portion with -shaped pattern of coalesced dark dots, laterally with semicircular pattern of dark dots; anterior half of each lateral margin with dark stripe connected with elongate black stripe just above insertion of forecoxa; anterior margin fringed with hairs. Foretrochantins in ventrolateral view rhomboid, long; episterna small, subtriangular in lateral view; epimera surrounding forecoxae posteriorly, in ventral view each rectangular, with its anterior margin concave, posterolateral margin black. Forelegs each with forecoxa short, cylindrical, with 2 black conical processes at anterior margin in lateral view, basal process triangular and apical one slender. Femur cylindrical, progressively wider from base to apex in lateral view, outer side with dark brown longitudinal line and 3 dark brown rings above line, inner side with longitudinal indentation; tibia and tarsus slender, progressively shorter, tarsus with row of hairs on inner side along lower margin from basal 1 / 5 th to apex; claw curved downward with small finger-like ventral process at base. Mesonotum and the metanotum membranous. Mesonotal setae arising in sa 1, sa 2 and sa 3, each with 1 seta. Middle and hind legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown; femora slightly broader apically, punctate; claws bifid, hook-like. Abdomen: Almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, brownish in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hook-like. Materials examined. CHINA: Si-chuan Province, Jiu-zhai-gou County, Jiu-zhai-gou, reed sea, alt. 2299 m, 33 �� 13 ���08���N, 103 �� 54 ��� 39 ���E, 8 July 2013, collected by Wang Bei-xin & Zhang Jie, 3 larvae. Distribution. China (Si-chuan)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Chang-Hai, Sun & Bei-Xin, Wang, 2015, A new species of Stenopsyche, with descriptions of larvae and females of some species associated by gene sequences (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4057 (1) on pages 76-77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/234460

Stenopsyche angustata Martynov 1930 (Figs. 5���6) Stenopsyche angustata Martynov 1930, 74��� 75, 109, textfigs. 15, 16; male; ���W. China, Chin-Fu-San, 1909 (W.A. Maw)���; deposited in The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom. Larva and female described by Hoang & Bae 2007, 2��� 4, figs. 1 a���h. Male. Body length 17.6 mm. Length of each forewing 22.0 mm (n= 5). Female. Body length 20.0 mm. Length of each forewing 23 mm (n= 2). Body yellowish brown. Female genitalia: Segment VIII in lateral view with tergum pentagonal and sternum trapezoidal; tergum in dorsal view somewhat bell-shaped, sternum in ventral view subrectangular, with posterior margin incised mesally. Segment IX slightly sclerotized, and somewhat fused with membranous segment X, in dorsal views segment IX widest at base and then tapered, posterior margin rounded. Vulvar scale in ventral view rectangular, posterior margin produced distally into small process. Segment X membranous, with pair of setose longitudinal sclerites dorsolaterally semicircular in lateral view and triangular in dorsal view; another pair of setose longitudinal sclerites ventrolaterally triangular in lateral view, shorter than the dorsolateral sclerites; apex divided into pair of distal setose lobes, each bearing cercus. Cerci small, nipple-like. Processus spermathecae in lateral view irregular, posterolateral angle excised. Larva (5 th instar). Body length 56 mm. Head and pronotum strongly sclerotized. Head: elongate, 6 mm long and 3 mm wide (n= 8); in dorsal view tapered slightly from base to distal end. Ground color yellowish brown, with dark spots scattered over whole head capsule. Eyes black, each with yellow area around it. Labrum blackish brown, with 2 hair brushes at anterior membranous margin in dorsal view. Clypeus yellow, with anterior margin moderately smooth and round. Frontoclypeal apotome yellowish brown, with scattered black dots and black stripes. Mandibles dark brown, each with 4 apical teeth, left mandible with mesal brush of stiff hairs. Mentum semicircular, with anterior margin produced into small process, each posterolateral angle with bristle. Anterior ventral apotome triangular, as broad as mentum, about 1 / 10 th as long as ventral ecdysial line. Pair of # 18 setae near the posteroventral margin located posterior to base of ventral ecdysial line; distance from each seta to posteroventral margin shorter than distance of that seta to ventral ecdysial line (d 1:d 2 = 1: 2). Thorax: Pronotum strongly sclerotized, subrectangular in dorsal view, sinuate ventrolaterally in lateral view, ground color yellowish brown, with dark spots distributed in posterior half and lateral portions of pronotum and large black spot located just above insertion of each foreleg; anterior margin with scattered fine hairs and few bristles. Foretrochantins acute. Forelegs each having forecoxa with 2 small processes anteriorly, basal one straight, larger than apical one; apical tooth slightly curved; femur with 3 dark rings and black longitudinal stripe on outer side; tarsus with fringe hairs along lower margin from basal 1 / 3 rd to apex; claw long and sharp, slightly curved downward with small finger-like ventral process. Mesonotum and metanotum membranous. Mesonotal setae arising in sa 1, sa 2 and sa 3, with 1 setae in each setal area. Mid- and hind legs nearly equal in length, same color patterns as forelegs, but coxae without teeth, each claw long and sharp, curved downward with small ventral process. Abdomen: Almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, brownish in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hook-like. Material examined. CHINA: Shan-xi Province, Yi-cheng County, Da-he Town, Da-he, alt. 1207.8 m, 35 �� 27 ��� 14 ������N, 111 �� 55 ��� 56 ���E, 13 Sept. 2013, light trap, collected by Sun Chang-hai, Xu Ji-hua & Wang Zi-wei; 5 males, 2 females. Same data except alt. 1180.8 m, 35 �� 26 ��� 55 ������N, 111 �� 55 ��� 56 ���E, 13 Sept. 2013, collected by Sun Chang-hai, Xu Ji-hua & Wang Zi-wei, 8 larvae. Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Guang-dong, Gui-zhou, Guang-xi, Hong-kong, Hu-nan, Jiang-xi, Shaan-xi, Shan-xi, Si-chuan, Zhe-jiang), Vietnam. Notes. The female genitalia of the species described in this article are slightly different from those of Vietnamese females (Hoang & Bae 2007). The vulvar scale of our females in ventral view has a posterior margin produced distally into a blunt process, but the vulvar scale of the Vietnamese female is incised distally. Larvae also show some variations in the color patterns of the frontoclypeal apotome and on the ventral surface of the head capsule., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Chang-Hai, Sun & Bei-Xin, Wang, 2015, A new species of Stenopsyche, with descriptions of larvae and females of some species associated by gene sequences (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4057 (1) on pages 69-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/234460, {"references":["Martynov, A. V. (1930) 7. On the trichopterous fauna of China and eastern Tibet. Proceedings of the Zoological Society, London, 5, 65 - 112, pl. 1.","Hoang, D. H. & Bae, Y. J. (2007) Vietnamese species of Stenopsyche McLachlan (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Zootaxa, 1624, 1 - 15."]}

Stenopsyche huangshanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2���4) Male. Body 22 mm. Length of each forewing 24 mm (n= 1). Forewings light brown, each with many irregular light speckles in anterior part, and many long speckles in posterior part. Hind wings triangular and semi-transparent. Male genitalia: Abdominal segment IX annular; in lateral view ventral 1 / 3 rd of pleuron IX strongly produced anterad and posterad with ventral margin long and dorsal margin short (transversely narrow in dorsal view), acute and curved anterad in lateral view; apicolateral angles digitate and curved slightly upward in lateral view, about half as long as preanal appendages. Preanal appendages elongate, setose, slightly sinuate and curved mesad in dorsal view. Segment X in dorsal view about 2 / 5 ths as long as preanal appendages, each lateral margin with incision near base, pair of subtriangular projections at mid-length with pair of small, barely noticeable, bristled processes on their posterior edges, apex with pair of divergent projections separated by concavity. Intermediate appendage small, button-like in dorsal view. Superior arms long, highly sclerotized, 3 / 5 ths as long as preanal appendages, each with its distal 1 / 3 rd curved outward in dorsal view and with apex obtuse; in lateral view distal 1 / 3 rd curved downward. Inferior appendages subrectangular, about 3.6 times as long as wide and each with apex oblique in ventral view, longer mesally. Phallus with endothecal armature bearing many fine spines. Female. Length of each forewing 25 mm (n= 1). Body yellowish brown. Female genitalia: Segment VIII in lateral view with sternum trapezoidal, setose ventrally and tergum oblique, trapezoidal; in dorsal view tergum subrectangular and in ventral view sternum with anterior margin slightly incised posteriorly and posterior margin bilobate. Segment IX sclerotized laterally, subrectangular in lateral view, membranous dorsally and ventrally, with transverse dorsal fold and with lateral apodemes extending internally anterad. Vulvar scale located ventrally, semicircular in lateral view, with posterolateral angle strongly setose; in ventral view with distal margin sinuate. Segment X membranous, with pair of setose longitudinal sclerites dorsolaterally oblong in dorsal view and barshaped in lateral view, another pair of setose longitudinal sclerites ventrolaterally about as long as dorsolateral sclerites; apex divided into pair of distal setose lobes, each bearing cercus. Cerci small, nipple-like. Processus spermathecae in lateral view irregular, posterior margin produced into small process. Larva (5 th instar). Body length 45 mm. Head and pronotum strongly sclerotized. Head: 6 mm long and 3 mm wide (n= 2), in dorsal view subrectangular with basal and distal margins rounded. Ground color yellowish brown, with dark spots scattered over the whole head capsule, some of them connected to form short stripes. Eyes black, eye areas small, pale. Labrum stramineous, with pair of hair brushes at rounded anterior margin in dorsal view. Clypeus yellow, but yellowish brown along anterior margin. Frontoclypeal apotome yellowish brown, with sparse dark dots and dark stripes. Mandibles dark brown, each with 4 apical teeth, only left mandible with mesal brush of stiff hairs. Mentum semicircular, posterior margin straight, apical margin with small tongue-shaped mesal process, each posterolateral angle with bristle. Anterior ventral apotome triangular, as broad as mentum, about 1 / 13 th as long as ventral ecdysial line. Pair of # 18 setae near posteroventral margin located posterior to base of ventral ecdysial line; distance from each seta to posteroventral margin shorter than distance of that seta to ventral ecdysial line (d 1:d 2 = 1: 1.6). Thorax: Pronotum heavily sclerotized, subrectangular in dorsal view, rounded ventrolaterally in lateral view, yellowish brown, dark spots on each side and in basal half near dorsal meson, large triangular dark spot located laterally just above episternum, anterior margin with scattered fine hairs and few bristles. Foretrochantin on each side in lateral view rhomboidal; episternum small, triangular; epimeron surrounding posterior base of coxa, in ventral view rectangular, with its anterior margin concave. Prosternum fused with pronotum, with inverted Tshaped black spot. Forelegs each with forecoxa short, cylindrical, in lateral view upper margin with 2 acute processes, basal process straight and with strong bristle at middle, distal process curved downwards; foretrochanter 2 -jointed, basal joint short, distal one triangular; forefemur cylindrical, distal end thicker than base, with longitudinal carina from base to apex on outer side and longitudinal indentation on inner side; tibia slender, shorter than femur; tarsus slender, shorter than tibia, with row of hairs on inner side along lower margin; claw curved downward with small finger-like ventral process. Meso- and metanota membranous. Mesonotal setae arising in setal areas sa 1, sa 2, and sa 3, each setal area with 1 seta. Mid- and hind legs nearly equal in length, same color patterns as foreleg, but coxae without teeth, each claw with small ventral process. Abdomen: Almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, brownish in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hook-like. Holotype male. CHINA, An-hui Province, Huang-shan County, Tang-kou Town, Fu-xi, 30 ��04��� 42 ���N, 118 ��09���00���E, alt. 614.3 m, 10 July 2013, by black light trap, Xu Ji-hua, Nie Chen-rui & Chen Dong-kai. Paratypes: Same data as holotype except alt. 639.0 m, 12 July 2013, 1 female, 3 larvae. Diagnosis. The male genitalia of this new species are similar to those of S. triangularis Schmid 1959 from Shaan-xi, China, but differ from the latter in that (1) segment X has 2 pairs of processes (1 pair of processes in S. triangularis); (2) the superior arms are curved outward at an angle of 120 �� at 1 / 2 of the distance from the apex (the superior arms are curved outward at an angle of 80 �� at 1 / 3 rd of the distance from the apex in S. triangularis). The female of the new species is similar to that of S. angustata in the genitalia, but differs from it in that (1) segments IX and X are visually separated by a fold (completely fused without a fold in S. angustata); (2) the dorsolateral sclerites of segment X are about as long as the ventrolateral sclerites (the dorsolateral sclerites are longer than the ventrolateral sclerites in S. angustata); and (3) the processus spermathecae in lateral view has its posterior margin produced into a small process (the lower margin has a wide incision in S. angustata). The larva can be diagnosed from larvae of other Stenopsyche species by the distinctive punctate color pattern of the head, the curved distal process of each forecoxa, and the locations of the pair of # 18 setae. Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Chinese name of the type locality, Huang-shan County, An-hui Province. Distributions. China (An-hui)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Chang-Hai, Sun & Bei-Xin, Wang, 2015, A new species of Stenopsyche, with descriptions of larvae and females of some species associated by gene sequences (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4057 (1) on pages 66-69, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/234460, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1959) Quelques trichoptereres de Chine. Mitteilungen aus dem Zoologischen Museum in Berlin, 35, 317 - 345. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / mmnz. 19590350207"]}

Stenopsyche navasi Ulmer 1926 (Figs. 7���8) Stenopsyche navasi Ulmer 1926, 37���38, 41, textfigs. 22���23; male; ���Tien Tsuen, China, von Herrn P. P. Longinos Nav��s 1907 erhalten. Heimat: China (Tient Tsuen [od. Tient Tschuen] in Schantung)���; deposited in the G. Ulmer collection (Zoological Museum Hamburg). Listed from China (Bei-jing, Hu-bei, Shan-xi, Si-chuan, Tian-jin, Tibet, Wu-nan, Yun-nan, Zhe-jiang) by Yang et al. 2005, 441��� 460. Male. Body length 23.5 mm. Length of each forewing 26 mm (n= 2). Forewings dark brown, each with many irregular light speckles in remigium, and light punctuation in vannal area. Hind wings triangular and semitransparent. Female. Length of each forewing 17 mm (n= 1). Body yellowish brown. Female genitalia: Segment VIII strongly setose. Tergum IX subrectangular in lateral view and trapezoidal in dorsal view, fused with the basal portion of segment X dorsally, separated lateroventrally. Vulvar scale rectangular, apex subtruncate in lateral view and rounded in ventral view. The basal portion of segment X sclerotized, ventrolateral margins produced into blunt triangular processes in lateral view, in dorsal view posterior margin straight; apical portion membranous, with a pair of oval sclerites dorsolaterally, apex divided into 2 pairs of lobes, each upper lobe in lateral view with apex bulging and slightly longer than lower one. Cerci oblong in lateral view, located between the upper and lower lobes, about as long as upper lobes. Processus spermathecae irregular, elongate, consisting of tube and trough in lateral view. Larva (5 th instar). Body length 44 mm. Head: sclerotized, elongate, 5.5 mm long and 1.5 mm wide (n= 2), in dorsal view tapered slightly from base to distal end. Ground color brown, with black dots scattered over whole head capsule, some of them coalesced into stripes. Eyes black, eye areas yellow. Labrum light brown, with 2 hair brushes at anterior margin. Clypeus pale, with 3 paler longitudinal lines dividing clypeus into 4 subrectangular areas. Frontoclypeal apotome brown, with dark dots arranged closely in U-shaped line near margins; middle portion with scattered small dots. Lateral and ventral surfaces of head capsule brown, with scattered irregular short stripes composed of dark dots; ventrobasal area with pair of dark brown rounded areas at each side of ventral ecdysial line. Mandibles dark brown basally and black distally, each progressively narrower from base to apex in lateral view, apex with 4 apical teeth in ventral view, only left mandible with mesal brush of stiff hairs. Mentum semicircular, apex with tongue-like process, lateral margins each with seta. Anterior ventral apotome triangular, 1 / 8 th as long as ventral ecdysial line. Pair of # 18 setae near posteroventral margin with each seta located at center of dark brown circular spot and anterior to base of ventral ecdysial line; distance of each seta from posteroventral margin equal to distance of that setae to ventral ecdysial line (d 1:d 2 = 1: 1). Thorax: Pronotum strongly sclerotized, subrectangular in dorsal view, with sinuate ventrolateral margins in lateral view, yellowish brown, with -shaped pattern of dark brown dots at mesal basodorsal half and somewhat triangular pattern of dots laterally. Elongate black spot located just above insertion of each forecoxa; anterior margin fringed with fine hairs. Foretrochantins in ventrolateral view slender, sagitate, distal 1 / 3 rd thicker than basal 2 / 3 rds; each episternum small, bar-shaped; each epimeron surrounding base of forecoxa posteriorly, in ventral view rectangular, with its anterior margin concave. Forelegs each with forecoxa short cylindrical, in lateral view anterior margin with 1 large acute process, longer than forecoxa; foretrochanter 2 -jointed, basal joint short, distal one triangular with inner apex produced into bristled process; femur cylindrical, progressively wider from base to apex in lateral view, outer side with longitudinal carina and 3 dark brown rings above carina, inner side with longitudinal indentation; tibia and tarsus slender, progressively shorter, tarsus with row of hairs on inner side along lower margin from basal 1 / 5 th to apex; claw curved downward with small finger-like ventral process at base. Mesonotum and metanotum membranous. Mesonotal setae arising in sa 1, sa 2 and sa 3, each with 1 seta. Middle and hind legs nearly equal in length, yellowish brown; femora slightly broader apically, punctate; claws bifid, hook-like. Abdomen: Abdomen almost uniformly broad, greenish grey in live specimens, brownish in alcohol, with scarce setae. Anal prolegs brown, stout, with few dark setae; claws hook-like. Materials examined. CHINA: Si-chuan Province, Mian-yang, Ping-wu County, Lao-he-gou, Da-pian-gou, alt. 1703.0 m, 104 �� 43 ��� 18 ���N, 32 �� 34 ��� 43 ���E, 24 May 2012, light trap, collected by Xu Ji-hua & Zhang Lian-bo, 2 males, 1 female. Same except Xia-wa-fang, alt. 1176 m, 104 �� 43 ��� 18 ���N, 32 �� 34 ��� 43 ���E, 26 May 2012, collected by Xu Ji-hua & Zhang Lian-bo, 2 larvae. Distributions. China (Bei-jing, Hu-bei, Shaan-xi, Shan-dong, Si-chuan, Tian-jin, Yun-nan, Tibet, Zhe-jiang), Vietnam, Laos., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Chang-Hai, Sun & Bei-Xin, Wang, 2015, A new species of Stenopsyche, with descriptions of larvae and females of some species associated by gene sequences (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4057 (1) on pages 71-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/234460, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1926) Beitrage zur Fauna sinica bewirkt von Dr. R. Mell, III. Trichopteren und Ephemeropteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte, einundneunzigster Jahrgang 1925, Abteilung A, 5, 21 - 110.","Yang, L. - F., Sun, C. - H., Wang, B. - X. & Morse, J. C. (2005) Present status of Chinese Trichoptera, with an annotated checklist. In: Tanida, K. & Rossiter, A. (Eds.), Proceedings of the 11 th International Symposium on Trichoptera, Sakai, Osaka and Kutsuki, Shiga, Japan, 12 - 19 June 2003. Tokai University Press, Kanagawa, pp. 441 - 465."]}

Stenopsyche lotus Weaver 1987 Stenopsyche lotus Weaver 1987, 167��� 168, figs. 4 A���C; male; ��� CHINA, Zhejiang, Tung-lu, 10 IV 1926, Mrs. Dora E. Wright���; deposited in the United States National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, District of Columbia, USA. Material examined. CHINA: Shan-xi Province, Qin-shui County, Xia-chuan, N��-ying canyon, alt. 1532 m, 35 �� 25 ��� 29 ������N, 112 ��0��� 36 ���E, 11 Sept. 2013, collected by Sun Chang-hai, Xu Ji-hua & Wang Zi-wei, 2 males. Distribution. China (Shan-xi, Zhe-jiang)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Chang-Hai, Sun & Bei-Xin, Wang, 2015, A new species of Stenopsyche, with descriptions of larvae and females of some species associated by gene sequences (Insecta: Trichoptera), pp. 63-78 in Zootaxa 4057 (1) on page 77, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4057.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/234460, {"references":["Weaver, J. S. (1987) New species of Stenopsyche from the northeastern orient (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae). Aquatic Insects, 9 (3), 161 - 168."]}

Twenty-seven individuals of Stenopsyche from An-hui, Shan-xi and Si-chuan provinces, China, were examined and their DNA (mtCOI) sequences were extracted and analyzed. The larva, male, and female of a new species, S. huangshanensis sp. nov., associated by mtCOI gene sequences, are described and illustrated. Larvae and adult females of 3 known species, S. angustata Martynov 1930, S. navasi Ulmer 1926, and S. tienmushanensis Hwang 1957, were successfully associated with their identifiable males; the larvae and females of S. navasi and S. tienmushanensis were described and illustrated for the first time, and the larva and female of S. angustata were re-described and re-illustrated. DNA from identifiable males of Stenopsyche lotus Weaver 1987 was also sequenced, but the larva and female of this species remain unknown. An unknown larva, not associated with an identifiable adult, was described and illustrated as Stenopsyche sp. 1. All the sequences were uploaded to GenBank. All specimens are deposited in the Insect Collection of Nanjing Agricultural University.

Stenopsyche ningshanensis sp. nov. (Figs. 2a–f) Adult (in alcohol). Length of forewing 19.0 mm (n=1). Forewing dark brown, with many irregular light speckles in anterior part, and many large long speckles in posterior part. Hind wing triangular and semi-transparent. Wing venation (Figs. 2a–b) typical of genus, but in forewing Cu 1b curved posterad in middle, crossvein m-cu transparent, distance between m-cu and cu twice as long as length of cu. Male genitalia. Abdominal segment IX annular; in lateral view ventral 1/3rd of pleuron IX strongly produced anterad and posterad with ventral margin about 3.5 times as long as dorsal margin; apicolateral angle acute, about 1/6th as long as preanal appendage; in ventral view anterior margin of sternum IX with broad and shallow excision, posterior margin sinuate with tiny median projection. Preanal appendage long, setose, sinuate slightly in dorsal view. Segment X tongue-like, sclerotized basally and membranous apically, more than half length of preanal appendage; base 4 times as wide as apex in dorsal view. Intermediate appendage sclerotized, broad at base with lanceolate apex nearly reaching middle of preanal appendage in dorsal view. Superior arm long, highly sclerotized, about half as long as preanal appendage, slightly S-shaped, its distal 1/3rd curled outward and with acute apex. Inferior appendage sub-rectangular, highly depressed in ventral view, about 4 times as long as wide and with apex obliquely truncated in ventral view. Phallus with endothecal armature bearing 4 large spines and many fine spines. Holotype male: CHINA, Shaan-xi Province, Ning-shan County, Xun-yang Dam, Xiang-tan Ditch, 33.546°N, 108.552°E, alt. 1520 m, 6 June 1998, by black light trap, Ma Yun & Wang Miao. Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the first subgroup as indicated by having its intermediate appendage straight and narrow. It is very similar to S. chinensis Hwang 1957 from Fu-jian, China, but differs from the latter in that (1) the intermediate appendage nearly reaches the distal end of segment X (extending beyond the distal end in S. chinensis); (2) the distal end of segment X is rounded in dorsal view (truncate in S. chinensis); (3) the lateral margin of the intermediate appendage is sinuate in dorsal view (straight in S. chinensis). Etymology. The specific epithet is from the Chinese name of the type locality, Ning-shan County, Shaan-xi Province. Distribution. China (Shaan-xi)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on pages 221-222, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Hwang, C. L. (1957) Descriptions of Chinese caddisflies (Trichoptera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 7 (4), 373 - 404."]}

Stenopsyche chinensis Hwang 1957 Stenopsyche chinensis Hwang 1957: 381–382, figs. 39–41; type locality: China (Fu-jian). Material examined. CHINA: 1 male, Gui-zhou Province, Mt. Fanjingshan, alt. 530 m, 3 June 1995, collected by Wang Bei-xin and Sun Chang-hai; 1 male, Fu-jian province, Miao-wan Village, Jian-xi, alt. 800 m, 30 May 1990, collected by Sun Chang-hai and Pan Quan-min. Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Gui-zhou)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on pages 219-220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Hwang, C. L. (1957) Descriptions of Chinese caddisflies (Trichoptera). Acta Entomologica Sinica, 7 (4), 373 - 404."]}

Stenopsyche longispina Ulmer 1926 Stenopsyche longispina Ulmer 1926: 34–35, 40, figs. 17–18; type locality: China (Fu-jian). Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Guang-dong, Si-chuan)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1926) Beitrage zur Fauna Sinica III. Trichoptera und Ephemerpoteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Abteilung A, 91, 19 - 110."]}

Stenopsyche dubia Schmid 1965 Stenopsyche dubia Schmid 1965: 135, pl. II figs. 5–6; type locality: China (Fu-jian). Material examined. CHINA: 1 male, Fu-jian Province, Jian-yang County, Ma-sha Town, Wu-fu Stream, 36 km W. of Ma-sha, alt. 620 m, 1 June 1990, collected by John C. Morse and Sun Chang-hai. Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Hu-nan)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 221, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques trichopteres de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 16, 127 - 154."]}

Stenopsyche dentata Navás 1930 Stenopsyche dentata Navás 1930: 6–7, figs. 5a–b; type locality: China (Guang-dong). Distribution. China (Guang-dong, Si-chuan). Remarks. Schmid (1969) designated this species as incertae sedis within the genus. We recognize this species as a member of the first subgroup of the S. simplex Group based on the shape of segment X and the straight intermediate appendage illustrated by Navás (1930)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 220, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Navas, L. (1930) Nevropteres et insectes voisins. Chine et pays environnants. Premiere [I] serie. Notes d'entomologie Chinoise, 1, 1 - 12.","Schmid, F. (1969) La famille des stenopsychides (Trichoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 101, 188 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 101187 - 2"]}

Stenopsyche anaximander Malicky 2011 Stenopsyche anaximander Malicky 2011: 26, fig. 24; type locality: China (Shaan-xi). Distribution. China (Shaan-xi)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Malicky, H. (2011) Neue Trichopteren aus Europa und Asien. Braueria, 38, 23 - 43."]}

Stenopsyche rotundata Schmid 1965 Stenopsyche rotundata Schmid 1965: 135, pl. II fig. 7, pl. III fig. 1; type locality: China (Shan-dong). Distribution. China (Shaan-xi, Shan-dong, Zhe-jiang). Remarks. The type locality of S. rotundata Schmid 1969 is “Tsingtau.” Now, it is spelled as Qing-dao, in Shan-dong Province (Schmid recorded it as “Chan-tong”). Morse (2013) could not determine whether the place belongs to the Oriental or the Palearctic realm in his Trichoptera World Checklist. We are sure that the type locality of the species is in the Palearctic region, although populations of the species occur in both the Oriental (e.g., Zhejiang Province) and the Palearctic (e.g., Shaan-xi Province) realms., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 223, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques trichopteres de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 16, 127 - 154.","Schmid, F. (1969) La famille des stenopsychides (Trichoptera). The Canadian Entomologist, 101, 188 - 222. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.4039 / ent 101187 - 2","Morse, J. C. (2013) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / database / trichopt / index. htm (accessed 20 June 2013)"]}

Stenopsyche acanthoclada sp. nov. (Figs. 5a–f) Adult (in alcohol). Length of forewing 21.3 mm (n=3). Forewing narrow and long, dark brown, with many light speckles. Hind wing triangular, and semi-transparent. Wing venation (Figs. 5a–b) typical of genus, but in forewing crossveins r-m and m-cu partly transparent, distance between m-cu and cu equaling length of cu. Male genitalia. Abdominal segment IX annular; in lateral view anterior margin slightly produced anterad and posterior margin concave at insertion of inferior appendage, ventral margin about 3.5 times as long as dorsal margin; apicolateral angle obtuse, about 1/8 as long as preanal appendage; anterior margin with shallow excision in dorsal view. Preanal appendage elongate, setose. Segment X tongue-like, sclerotized basally and membranous apically, nearly half as long as preanal appendage, in dorsal view tapering from base to apex with distal end rounded. Intermediate appendage about half as long as preanal appendage; basal half broad; distal half narrow, curved ventrad, tapering to apex and curved inward, two intermediate appendages meeting at angle of 90° in dorsal view; lateral margin with acute process curved downward in middle in lateral view. Superior arm elongate, highly sclerotized, about half as long as preanal appendage; S-shaped in lateral view and arched laterad in dorsal view; apex obtuse. Inferior appendage setose; triangular in lateral view; in ventral view sub-rectangular, about 3 times as long as wide, with apex obliquely truncate. Phallus with 12 strong spines, endothecal armature bearing many fine spines. Holotype male: CHINA, Guang-xi Province, Tian-lin County, Liang-ping, Mt. Li-nao, 24.476°N, 106.361°E, alt. 140 m, 28 May 2002, by black light trap, collected by Jiang Guo-fang. Paratypes. CHINA: 1 male, Guang-xi Province, Long-lin County, Jin-zhong-shan Provincial Forest Preserve, Ping-liu Village in Jin-zhong-shan Town, Lou-fang-gou 100 m upstream of Ping-liu River, 24.656°N, 104.918°E, 10 June 2004, alt. 910 m, collected by Yang Lian-fang, Christy Jo Geraci; 1 male, Guang-xi Province, Tian-lin County, Cen-wang-lao-shan Provincial Forest Preserve, Headwaters of Bu-liu river, County Road 794 marker 38.9 km, 24.42°N, 106.383°E, alt. 1247 m, 8 June 2004, collected by Zhou Xin & Karl Kjer. Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the second subgroup, as indicated by having the intermediate appendage curved mesad, and is similar to S. stoetzneri Döhler 1929 from Sichuan, China. This species can be distinguished from the latter by the male genitalia: (1) the dorsum of segment X is much broader than the distal half of the intermediate appendage (they are equal in width in S. stoetzneri); (2) the intermediate appendage bears an acute process in the middle of the lateral margin (absent in S. stoetzneri). Etymology. The specific name is derived from the Latin word acanthocladus, referring to the tooth of the intermediate appendage in lateral view. Distribution. China (Guang-xi).

Stenopsyche stoetzneri Döhler 1929 (Figs. 7a–c) Stenopsyche stoetzneri Döhler, 1929: 83 –-86; type locality: China (Si-chuan). Material examined. CHINA: 1 male, Si-chuan Province, Jiu-zhai-gou Valley, June 2000, collected by Zhou Chang-fa; 2 males, Si-chuan Province, Bao-xing County, Xi-chuan River, alt. 1100 m, 19 June 1996, collected by Yang Lian-fang; 2 males, Si-chuan Province, Jiang-you County, alt. 600 m, 28 June 1990, collected by John C. Morse; 5 males, Gan-su Province, Wen County, Bai-shui-jiang River, alt. 960 m, 12 June 1998, collected by Yang Lian-fang; 5 males, Gan-su Province, Wen County, Shang-dan Town, Dan-bao River at Bai-shui-jiang Tributary, 1140 m, 13 June 1998, collected by Du Yu-zhou; 2 males, Jiang-xi Province, Gui-xi County, Xi-qi-he River, 59 km S. E. of Gui-xi, alt. 210 m, 5 June 1990, collected by Yang Lian-fang; 2 males, Jiang-xi Province, Cong-yi County, Yang-ling, alt. 400 m, 25 July 1996, collected by Leng Ke-ming. Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Gan-su, Jiang-xi)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 227, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Dohler, W. (1929) Die aussereuropaischen Trichopteren des Museums fur Tierkunde zu Dresden, Erster Teil. Zeitschrift fur Wissenschaftliche Insekten-biologie, 24, 83 - 89."]}

Stenopsyche denticulata Ulmer 1926 Stenopsyche denticulata Ulmer 1926: 35–37, 40, figs. 20–21; type locality: China (Fu-jian). Distribution. China (Fu-jian, Guang-dong)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1926) Beitrage zur Fauna Sinica III. Trichoptera und Ephemerpoteren. Archiv fur Naturgeschichte Abteilung A, 91, 19 - 110."]}

Stenopsyche jinxiuensis sp. nov. (Figs. 6a–f) Adult (in alcohol). Length of forewing 22.0 mm (n=1). Forewing narrow and long, dark brown, with many light speckles. Hind wing triangular, semi-transparent. Wing venation (Figs. 6a–b) typical of genus, but in forewing crossveins r-m and m-cu transparent, distance between m-cu and cu twice length of cu. Male genitalia. Abdominal segment IX annular, in lateral view shortest at insertion of preanal appendage, ventral 1/3rd of pleuron IX strongly produced anterad and posterad with ventral margin at least 4 times as long as dorsal margin; apicolateral angle long and acute, about 1/4th as long as preanal appendage; in ventral view anterior margin of sternum IX with semicircular indentation. Preanal appendage long, setose. Segment X is tonguelike, membranous with base broad and apex elongate, about 2/3rds as long as preanal appendage, apex incised in dorsal view. Intermediate appendage in dorsal view as long as segment X, curved inward at angle of 90° at 1/4th distance from base, and subapex narrowed abruptly, apex acute; in lateral view sinuate with acute apex. Superior arm long, about 2/3rds as long as preanal appendage, in dorsal view arched laterad, apex thick; in lateral view sinuate. Inferior appendage highly depressed in lateral view, sub-rectangular in ventral view, about 4 times as long as wide. Phallus with large 5 spines, endothecal armature bearing many fine spines. Holotype male: CHINA, Guang-xi Province, Jin-xiu County, Jin-zhong Road, 24.13°N, 110.189°E, alt. 1100 m, 11 May 1999, by black light trap, collected by Han Hong-xiang. Diagnosis. The new species belongs to the second subgroup, but differs from other members in that (1) segment X in dorsal view has its basal half broad and its distal half narrow (with lateral margins parallel to each other in S. stoetzneri; sagittate in S. uniformis; very short in S. longispina; triangular in S. denticulata; rectangular in S. acanthoclada sp. nov.); (2) the intermediate appendage is elongate, curved inward at an angle of 90° at 1/4th distance from the base (arched in S. stoetzneri and S. uniformis; curved inward at an angle of 120° at 1/3rd distance from base in S. longispina; short and thick, curved inward at an angle of 120° at half the distance from the base in S. denticulata and curved inward at an angle of 100° at half the distance from the base in S. acanthoclada sp. nov.). Etymology. This species is named for the type locality, Jin-xiu County in Guang-xi Province, China. Distribution. China (Guang-xi).

Stenopsyche uniformis Schmid 1965 Stenopsyche uniformis Schmid, 1965: 132; type locality: China (Fu-jian). Distribution. China (Fu-jian)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 229, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Schmid, F. (1965) Quelques trichopteres de Chine II. Bonner Zoologische Beitrage, 16, 127 - 154."]}

Stenopsyche brevata Tian & Zheng 1989 Stenopsyche brevata Tian & Zheng 1989: 48, 52, fig. 1; type locality: China (Yun-nan); Malicky 2010: 98. Distribution. China (Yun-nan), Thailand., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 219, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Tian, L. X. & Zheng, J. Z. (1989) Description of two new species of the genus Stenopsyche Mclachlan from China (Trichoptera). Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 12, 50 - 52.","Malicky, H. (2010) Atlas of Southeast Asian Trichoptera. Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand, xxx + 346 pp."]}

The Chinese Stenopsyche simplex Group is revised for the first time since Weaver's (1987) revision. The group includes 14 described species and 3 new species. Two diagnostic subgroups were recognized by Schmid (1959). The first subgroup of Chinese species includes S. anaximander Malicky 2011, S. brevata TianZheng 1989, S. chinensis Hwang 1957, S. dentata Navás 1930, S. splendida Martynov 1935, S. dubia Schmid 1965, S. rotundata Schmid 1965, S. simplex Schmid 1959, and S. tienmushanensis Hwang 1957; of these, S. dentata is assigned to this first subgroup for the first time. The second diagnostic subgroup includes S. denticulata Ulmer 1926, S. longispina Ulmer 1926, S. stoetzneri Döhler 1929, S. uniformis Schmid 1965 and S. formosana Kobayashi, 1987. The species newly described here include Stenopsyche ningshanensis sp. nov., from Shaan-xi Province, belonging to the first subgroup, and Stenopsyche acanthoclada sp. nov. and Stenopsyche jinxiuensis sp. nov., both from Guang-xi Province and belonging to the second subgroup. Distribution maps of the two diagnostic subgroups of Chinese species and illustrations of male genitalia of the three new species are provided along with collection data for additional specimens for the previously described species.

Stenopsyche formosana Kobayashi 1987 Stenopsyche formosana Kobayashi 1987: 17, 37–43, figs. 1–5; type locality: China (Tai-wan). Distribution. China (Tai-wan)., Published as part of Ji-Hua, Xu, Bei-Xin, Wang & Chang-Hai, Sun, 2014, The Stenopsyche simplex Species Group from China with descriptions of three new species (Trichoptera: Stenopsychidae), pp. 217-230 in Zootaxa 3785 (2) on page 225, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3785.2.5, http://zenodo.org/record/4913288, {"references":["Kobayashi, M. (1987) Systematic study of the caddisflies from Taiwan, with descriptions of eleven new species (Trichoptera: Insecta). Bulletin of The Kanagawa Prefectural Museum of Natural Science, 17, 37 - 48."]}

We present an experimental demonstration of electromagnetically induced two-photon transparency (EITT) in room temperature rubidium vapor. The 8S(1/2) to 5P(1/2) fluorescence is used to monitor the 5S(1/2)(F = 3)to 8S(1/2)(F = 3) two-photon absorption near resonance with the intermediate state 5P(3/2). A controlling pump laser beam is employed to coherently couple the 5P(3/2) and 5D(5/2) states, thus producing tw dressed intermediate states which give rise to destructive interference in the two-photon transition. An induced two-photon transparency of about 80% has been obtained at resonance; our experimental findings are in good agreement with the general theory of Agarwal et al. (Phys. Rev. Lett., 77 (1996) 1039), when the appropriate spectroscopic parameters are used.

Fingertip defect reconstruction with various free perforator flaps has been widely reported. We recommend a technique of using color Doppler imaging to locate ulnar artery perforator. And we used a free mesioforearm flap based on ulnar artery perforator for the reconstruction of fingertip defect.Since 2010, 7 fingertip defect cases have been repaired at our hospital using free mesioforearm flaps, based on the ulnar artery perforator. The free flap was designed according to Doppler detection. The flap contained perforator vessels and cutaneous nerves. The donor site was directly sutured or skin grafted.All 7 flaps survived with good quality and esthetic contours and grasp function of the hand was satisfactory. They were evaluated by 2-point discrimination, with 5 cases with neurorrhaphy of 6 to 8 mm and 2 cases without neurorrhaphy of 10 to 12 mm.Ultrasound is a suitable method for preoperatively locating the vascular pedicle. The free mesioforearm flap based on ulnar artery perforator is a good option to repair fingertip defect.