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In order to know the potatoes nitrogen situation rapidly and accurately, promoting the efficient use of nitrogen fertilizer on the potatoes. Using the feature of portable hyperspectral spectrometer, digital cameras and SPAD-502 chlorophyll meter to abtain the potato digital indicators, leaf spectral and SPAD. Analysing the change status of digital indicators, leaf spectral index, SPAD and production of potatoes under different nitrogen levels in two key periods. Analysing the correlation between canopy image, leaf spectral and SPAD and production, with SPAD as auxiliary validation index, nitrogen fertilizer efficiency evaluation of yield to make sure potato canopy image under the most economic nitrogen application levels and leaf spectral’s critical value to explore the methods of nitrogen nutrition diagnosis quickly and simply. The results show: (1)With nitrogen levels increased, potato tuber formation stage and tuber bulking stage leaf spectral reflectance is the emergence of the "red shift" phenomenon, and the red edge parameters REP, Lwidth, FD_Max increased, Lo decreased. (2)With the nitrogen levels increased, potatoes tuber formation stage and tuber bulking stage digital indicators G/B, (G-B)/(R+G+B) decreased gradually, B/(R+G+B) increased gradually. (3) with the increase of nitrogen application rate SPAD is increased.It is obvious low nitrogen levels increase production with nitrogen increased. It is not obvious the high level of nitrogen stimulation effect. Potato canopy image, leaf spectral and red edge parameters have good correlation with SPAD value and productions, establishing the index evaluation of nitrogen nutrition abundance or lack of quantitative standard of potatoes. Indicating digital image and spectrum technology to nitrogen nutrition diagnosis of potatoes is feasible, provide research ideas and technical support for the potato accurate monitoring of nitrogen nutrition.

A field experiment was conducted to study the effects of planting pattern (ridge culture, flatten culture, furrow culture) and film mulching on the distribution of spring maize root system and their influence on the yield of spring maize in the hilly area of central Sichuan basin. The results showed that ridge and film mulching had great influence on root morphology and root distribution of maize. The root length, root surface area and root volume of film mulching was 42.3%, 50.0%, 57.4% higher than those of no film mulching at jointing stage. The film mulching significantly increased the dry mass of root in vertical and horizontal distribution, and increased the root allocation ratio in deeper soil layer (20-40 cm) and the allocation ratio of wide row (0-20 cm) in horizontal direction. The effects of planting pattern on root growth and root distribution differed by film mulching. With film mulching, the ridge culture significantly increased the root dry mass in each soil layer and enlarged the distribution percentage of wide row (20-40 cm) in horizontal direction, as well as the dry mass of root in horizontal distribution and the root allocation ratio of wide row. The root mass under film mulching was in the order of ridge cultureflatten culturefurrow culture. Without film mulching, the furrow culture significantly increased root dry mass of narrow row (0-40 cm), and the root mass under no film mulching was in the order of furrow cultureridge cultureflatten culture. As for the spike characteristics and maize yield, the filming mulching mea-sures reduced the corn bald length while increased the spike length, grain number, 1000-grain mass and yield. The yield under film mulching was in the order of ridge cultureflatten culturefurrow culture, while it was furrow cultureflatten cultureridge culture under no film mulching. The reason for yield increase under ridge culture with film mulching was that it increased root weight especially in deep soil, and promoted the root allocation ratio in deeper soil and wide row (20-40 cm) in horizontal direction. The ridge-furrow culture without film mulching was helpful to root growth and increased the maize yield.通过设置田间试验,研究种植方式(垄作垄播、平作、垄作沟播)与覆膜措施对川中丘陵春玉米根系分布和玉米产量的影响.结果表明: 垄作与覆膜对玉米根系形态影响显著,覆膜显著提高了玉米根长、根表面积和根体积,拔节期覆膜较不覆膜处理分别提高了42.3%、50.0%和57.4%.覆膜提高了各土层和各水平各层次根质量,扩大了根系在土壤垂直和水平方向上的分布,提高了拔节期20～40 cm土层和水平方向上宽行0～20 cm根系比例.种植方式对根系生长和分布的影响因覆膜而异,覆膜下垄作垄播显著提高了各土层根质量和20～40 cm土层根量分配比例,同时提高了水平方向上各层次根量和宽行根系分配比例,总根质量表现为:垄作垄播平作垄作沟播;不覆膜下垄作沟播显著提高了窄行0～40 cm根量,吐丝期总根质量表现为:垄作沟播垄作垄播平作.从玉米穗部性状和产量看,覆膜降低了玉米秃尖长,提高了穗长、穗粒数、千粒重和产量,覆膜下产量表现为:垄作垄播＞平作＞垄作沟播;不覆膜下则表现为:垄作沟播＞平作＞垄作垄播.覆膜下垄作垄播促进了根系特别是深层根质量的增加,同时增加了深层根系和水平20～40 cm根系比例,这是其增产的重要原因;而不覆膜下垄作沟播有利于根系生长,从而提高产量.

An LC-ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis was developed for chemical fingerprinting of Cyathula officinalis Kuan. Ten peaks were selected as common peaks, and cyasterone was used as a reference. The relative areas of the common peaks were used for hierarchical clustering analysis, principal component analysis and similarity calculation. A total of 31 samples collected from different sources were classified into three groups (principal component analysis) or four groups (hierarchical clustering analysis). The similarities of the 31 batches of C. officinalis samples were between 0.653 and 0.999. The results obtained suggested that the chromatographic fingerprint technique could efficiently evaluate C. officinalis.

In this paper, trend relational algorithm and grey-fuzzy clustering method are presented. A new algorithm for analysis the trend relational between a set of key point data with a set of prototypes is proposed. Trend relational grade can be used to divide cluster by fuzzy method. The researched results can open new prospects for the development and application of systems methodology to clustering.

This paper proposes an embedded face recognition system solution. The core of hardware architecture of the system is TMS320DM642 digital signal processor (DSP). The face recognition algorithm of the system mainly comprises improved face detection algorithm which is based on skin color, Gabor wavelet feature extraction algorithm, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) algorithm and nearest neighbor classifier algorithm. The results of testing on recognition efficiency and execution time show that the system can work stably and realize face recognition quickly and accurately.

Sichuan Province has the largest wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) producing area in Southwest China. It is crucial to understand the quality potential and stability for the major commercial cultivars and to provide guidance to farmers regarding wheat production in this province. Seven representative cultivars were planted in 5 ecological localities of Sichuan under two nitrogen rates from 2006 to 2008. Eight quality traits and 2 end-use production (noodle and bread making) scores were determined. The average of 3-year test weight, grain protein content, wet gluten content, Zeleny sedimentation, falling number, flour water abstraction, dough developing time, stability time, noodle score of dry white Chinese noodle, and bread score were 777 g L−1, 12.3%, 25.1%, 32.9 mL, 326 s, 56.5%, 3.0 min, 4.5 min, 78.5, and 62.2, respectively. In a combined analysis of variance, the effects of genotype, environment, and their interaction were significant for almost all traits tested. For test weight, Zeleny sedimentation, falling number, flour water abstraction, and noodle score of dry white Chinese noodle, the influences between years were greater than differences between locations; whereas, for protein content, wet gluten content, dough developing time, stability time, and bread score, location had a greater influence than year. Increasing nitrogen rate significantly improved most quality traits and raised bread score, but had no influence on noodle score. Stability analysis revealed that Chuanmai 39 was stable for bread quality with the highest bread score value, while Chuanmai 37 was stable for most quality traits with the highest noodle score. This result indicates that Chuanmai 39 and Chuanmai 37 can be favorably used in wheat quality improvement in Sichuan Province.

High-pressure ultrasound-assisted extraction was used to extract polysaccharides from the Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes. Three independent variables, namely, extraction temperature (X1), ultrasonic power (X2) and extraction time (X3) were investigated. Response surface methodology was performed based on the results of single-factor tests. Experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis, and results were examined using appropriate statistical methods. The optimal conditions were as follows: extraction temperature of 85°C, ultrasonic power of 187 W and extraction time of 29 min. Under these conditions, the experimental yield of polysaccharides was 5.33%, which is close to the predicted yield of 5.41%. The extracted and purified polysaccharides showed excellent antioxidative effects on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazy, hydroxyl and superoxide radicals in vitro.

A simple and quick method is described for the determination of ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A and ligustilide in rhizomes of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The 5 active ingredients in the sample was extracted using 40% ethanol and analyzed by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Chromatography separation was performed using Agilent 1100 series HPLC system with a Symmetry C18 column and gradient elution with a mixture of three solvents : solvent A, acetonitrile, solvent B, methanol and solvent C, 1% aqueous acetic acid, 0 min to 5 min A: B: C 20: 40: 40, 5 min to 30 min A: B: C 60 to 100 : 0 : 40 to 0. The effluent was monitored using a VWD detector set at 321 nm (0-4.3 min) and 275 nm (4.31-30 min). The flow rate was set at 1 mL x min(-1) and the injection volume was 10 microL. The column temperature was maintained at 35 degrees C. The calibration curve was linear (ror = 0.99) over the tested ranges. The average recovery was 94.44%-103.1% (n = 6). The method has been successfully applied to the analysis in different harvest periods of L. chuanxiong samples. In this paper, single-factor randomized block design to study the 5 components content of L. chuanxiong on ten collecting stages. For the L. chuanxiong collected from April 15th to May 30rd, the content of 5 ingredients increased primarily, and then decreased. Determine the appropriate harvest time has important significance to the promotion of the quality of L. chuanxiong.

High-pressure ultrasound-assisted extraction technology was applied to extract ferulic acid, senkyunolide I, senkyunolide H, senkyunolide A, ligustilide and levistolide A from Ligusticum chuanxiong rhizomes. Seven independent variables, including solvent type, pressure, particle size, liquid-to-solid ratio, extraction temperature, ultrasound power, and extraction time were examined. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) using a Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed to optimize the experimental conditions (extraction temperature, ultrasonic power, and extraction time) on the basis of the results of single factor tests for the extraction of these six major components in L. chuanxiong rhizomes. The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis and were also examined using appropriate statistical methods. The best extraction conditions were as follows: extraction solvent: 40% ethanol; pressure: 10 MPa; particle size: 80 mesh; liquid-to-solid ratio: 100:1; extraction temperature: 70 °C; ultrasonic power, 180 W; and extraction time, 74 min.

A field trial was carried out to study the influence of different kinds of spring topdressing on growth, yield and quality of Ligusticum chuanxiong. The results showed that the spring topdressing had effects of improving root length, tiller numbers and plant height to some extent. At the same time the chlorophyll content and dry weight accumulation especially the dry weight of root increased significantly. It also showed that the yield increased and quality was improved significantly. The effect of different treatment with urea58.7 kg x hm(-2)(N 27 kg x hm(-2)) was the best and the treatment with N,P,K the second.