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Soybean is one of the important crops in China. Soymilk, a traditional neutral plant-based protein drink, is rich in high quality proteins. Although soybean milk is rich in nutrients, its marketing among consumers, especially those in Western countries who are used to peaceful flavor, has been limited due to the adverse flavor impact brought by its special composition. In recent years, with the increasing attention to the nutritional value of soymilk, the flavor of soymilk has become a popular research object for scholars at home and abroad. The flavor components of soymilk are mainly volatile small molecular compounds produced by enzymatic reactions catalyzed by lipoxygenase (LOX). After formation, they interact with protein macromolecules to form the overall flavor of soymilk. At present, there are many methods to control the off-odor of soymilk at home and abroad, including physical heating methods, chemical methods, biological enzymatic digestion methods, mask methods, and a variety of breeding methods. These methods effectively reduce the off-odor of soymilk, but all of them have shortcomings. Currently, the sensory characteristics of the beany odor in soymilk are evaluated mainly by traditional human sensory scoring along with the assistance of modern instrument analysis of volatile flavor substances using headspace solid phase microextraction (SPME) gas chromatography coupled with-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This paper summarized the research results of volatile flavor substances in soymilk in recent years and the sensory evaluation methods of soymilk at home and abroad, and looked forward to the future development direction, hoping to provide some theoretical bases and reference detection methods for solving the problem of soymilk flavor in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: SP70 is a novel tumor biomarker in patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its role as a marker for predicting the response to chemotherapy for patients with advanced NSCLC has not been investigated. A total of 152 patients were enrolled. Serum SP70, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA21‐1), and neuron‐specific enolase (NSE) were detected before and after 2 cycles of chemotherapy. The correlation between serum tumor biomarker levels and chemotherapy responses and their association with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation status and progression‐free survival (PFS) were analyzed. Serum SP70 levels were significantly decreased after chemotherapy in the partial remission (PR) group (P < .001) and increased in the progressive disease (PD) group (P < .001), but not significantly changed in the stable disease (SD) group (P = .114). Although similar changes were observed on CEA and CYFRA21‐1 levels but not NSE, ROC analysis demonstrated that SP70 is superior to the others. Additionally, patients with EGFR mutation had higher serum SP70 levels and tissue SP70 expression than patients without EGFR mutation (P = .014 and P = .002, respectively). The median PFS of patients with decreased SP70 levels after chemotherapy was longer than that of patients with stable or increased serum SP70 level (24 months vs 12 months vs 2 months, P < .001), and the differences of all other 3 tumor markers were not obvious. Serum SP70 is a sensitive and real‐time indicator of chemotherapeutic efficacy in patients with advanced NSCLC and related to PFS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use database is the basis for the government departments at all levels to regulate land use, and the currency and quality of land use database directly determine the level and effect of land supervision. However, at present, the land use database updating technology and means are not advanced enough yet. The currency of the land use database significantly lags our economic development level. In light of the automatic matching complexity of change type and update strategy, artificial neural network is introduced into update strategy judgment field. According to the structure and main updating content, from the horizontal, land use database adaptive updating model is divided into land class polygon, linear feature and isolated feature. Then, in accordance with annual update implementation program of land use database and current updating progress, methods and habits, from the vertical, the above-mentioned updating model is divided into spatial analysis layer, input layer, change type judgment layer, spatial update strategy judgment layer and attribute update strategy judgment layer. Land class polygon is the first and the most important layer for land use database to update, so its updating model is designed on the top of the land use database adaptive updating model. To judge the change type and update strategy, 3 input conditions and 12 neurons are set up in land class polygon updating model, among which 4 neurons are responsible for judging the change type, 6 neurons are responsible for judging the spatial strategy, and 2 neurons are responsible for judging attribute strategy. Compared with land class polygon, linear feature updating model is more complicated. Therefore, linear feature updating model has 6 input conditions and 12 neurons, among which the distribution of neurons is the same as that of neurons in land class polygon updating model. Isolated feature belongs to one-dimensional element, so its updating model is relatively simple. In isolated feature updating model, 4 neurons are arranged to judge the change type, 3 neurons to judge spatial strategy, and 2 neurons to attribute strategy. The same-type neurons of adaptive updating model are organized into a network layer, and all layers are organized into a multi-layer perception network in an all-connected way. In addition, in order to realize the judgment of change type and update strategy, a threshold activation function is arranged in each neuron, and between the neurons connection weight is set up to adjust the input of neuron active function. All kinds of training methods of multi-layer perception neuron network are analyzed in a comprehensive and deep way. Change sample data of each element are collected so that updating model training can be carried out. Spatial and attribute update rules of various land use elements under the conditions of different topological relationships and different properties should be studied. And the knowledge and experience are organized into an update knowledge database. When new change survey data are input into model again, topology, property and linkage effect of the input sample are gained through the spatial analysis function, and then are organized in the form of vector. According to topological, property and linkage characteristics of new input sample together with learned experience, adaptive updating model draws a correct inference to spatial update strategy and attribute update strategy of new input sample, and eventually offers corresponding update strategy of sample in the form of vector. After the research subject is finished, updating application and technology tests are carried out respectively in 7 test bases, including Laoshan, Laixi, Huangdao of eastern Shandong, Liuyang and Yizhang of central Hunan and Chengdu and Wenjiang of western Sichuan, and the desired effect has been achieved. The tests show: Firstly, adaptive updating model of the land use features that the paper constructs can quickly complete change type's judgment of land class polygon, linear feature and isolated feature under any condition, and correctly offer spatial update strategy and attribute update strategy of all features. Compared with all test bases' software, our new software based on this updating model can comprehensively improve the updating efficiency by about 30%, and enhance one-time updating correct rate by more than 5%. Secondly, adaptive updating model of the land use features that the paper constructs has a strong adaptability. When update rules vary, it only needs to conduct a second sample training of the model, and the correct update strategy will be given without modifying software, thus improving soft adaptability. Thirdly, different from common updating software, in the adaptive updating model that the paper presents, the update strategies of all features are given not by man, but by experts' knowledge database. Meantime, change methods model need not be driven by man, but automatically driven by update strategy, thus bettering software automation level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the distribution of spherical equivalent and ocular biometric parameters in a population of grade 7 children in central China., Methods: 2 363 grade 7 students of junior high schools were randomly sampled. The students have been examined at baseline and followed up annually. Detailed questionnaires and most of the ocular examinations were performed. Spherical equivalent (Seq) was calculated as sphere +1/2 cylinder from cycloplegic autorefraction. Myopia was defined as spherical equivalent ≤ -0.5D, hyperopia as spherical equivalent ≥ +0.5D and emmetropia between -0.5D and +0.5D. The Lensar LS900 was used to measure corneal curvatures, axial length and anterior chamber depth. Right eyes results were analyzed., Results: Among 2 267 children who have the baseline examination, 1 839 children participated the follow up examination(response rate, 81.1%), with an mean age of 14.7 years (range, 12.9-17.6) and male ratio of 48.4%. The mean spherical equivalent refraction was (-2.62 ± 2.19)D. The prevalence rates of myopia, high myopia, emmetropia and hyperopia were 82.7%, 7.1%, 9.8% and 7.5%. The cumulative incidence rates of myopia and high myopia were 47.1% and 4.5% respectively. Axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were normally distributed. The mean axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature were (24.8 ± 1.1)mm, (3.18 ± 0.25)mm, (42.8 ± 1.4)D and (43.9 ± 1.6)D respectively. Axial length was longer, anterior chamber depth was deeper, and corneal were flatter in the male(P = 0.000). Axial length and anterior chamber depth correlated negatively with refraction., Conclusions: A moderate myopic distribution of refraction was present in the grade 9 students in central China. The prevalence rates of myopia and high myopia were relatively high in this 14-year-old population compared to other countries. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention of juvenile myopia.