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As the size of the chemical industry increases, chemical accidents continue to occur as the handling volume of chemicals also increases. Currently, in the case of a chemical accident, the prediction of the scope of influence mainly analyzes the scope of the impact on a single substance in the accident and does not consider the scope of the decomposition and reaction products. Nitric acid, one of the many chemical accidents, produces nitrogen dioxide, which is harmful when decomposed. In this research, we at first assumed an outflow accident of nitric acid. After conducting our research using the Chemical Accident Response Information System (CARIS), we discovered that the impact range and breakdown of nitric acid were comparable to that of nitrogen dioxide. Furthermore, we were able to identify the potential ramifications associated with such occurrences. In this study, the impact scenarios were evaluated according to the worst-case scenario, the alternative scenario, the size of the leak hole diameter, atmospheric temperature, atmospheric wind speed, and atmospheric stability. The results showed that the end point concentration distance of nitrogen in ERPG-1, 2 and 3 was larger than nitric acid in most conditions, with differences of up to 5.45 times in the worst-case scenario, 5.96 times in the alternative scenario, up to 6.952 times in the leak hole diameter scenario, up to 10 times in the atmospheric temperature scenario, up to 13 times in the wind speed-specific scenario, and up to 4 times in the atmospheric stability scenario. In the event of a nitric acid spill chemical accident, the response agency should set up a boundary area at a greater distance in consideration of the impact of nitrogen dioxide when setting up a boundary area such as the Hot zone and the Warm zone. Nitric acid handling sites should install additional detectors for nitrogen dioxide, which is decomposition products, to monitor the diffusion of decomposition products into the atmosphere when installing detection alarm equipment in preparation for leakage accidents. It is believed that the government should continuously secure and study data on other decomposable chemicals besides nitric acid to provide material information and disaster prevention methods to chemical accident response agencies and communities for effective and early treatment of chemical accidents.

Histological stains, such as hematoxylin and eosin, tend to fade over time, compromising subsequent analysis accuracy. Traditional methods of restoring stain color in faded samples involve physical re-staining, which is time-consuming and expensive and may damage tissue samples. In addition, digital post-processing techniques, such as color normalization, face limitations when dealing with highly faded slides. To address this, we propose the non-invasive phase-to-color “virtual re-staining” framework. This approach utilizes a trained generative adversarial network with label-free quantitative phase imaging, capturing the intrinsic physiochemical properties of histological samples. It employs multi-channel Fourier ptychographic microscopy to generate pixel-wise paired phase and color images in a high-throughput manner. To streamline data generation, near-infrared illumination is used to mitigate the impact of absorption variations in faded and stained samples, eliminating the need for repetitive data acquisition and potential physical alterations in samples. Our trained network yields comparable or better results to other digitally staining methods, successfully demonstrating the re-staining of approximately decade-old faded slides archived in hospital storage.

The effects of copper doping on the microstructure and magnetic properties of CoPt nanowires, which are fabricated in anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) nanotemplates by electrodeposition, are analyzed. The results have shown enhancement in the magnetic properties of the CoPtCu nanowire postannealing, thus resulting in more increase in the coercivity with annealing temperature.

The effect of external magnetic field exercised during the fabrication of the Co and Co/Cu multilayer nanowires in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates using pulse electrodeposition is examined. Results found that the effect becomes significant when the pores size is small.

The effect of substrates on the microstructure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co nanowire arrays in porous aluminum oxide membrane is studied. Results reveal that the easy axis on the nanowire arrays switches from perpendicular to the wire axis on Au to parallel to the wore axis on the Co-coated nanocrystalline Finemet substrate.

Multifunctional Au0.5Fe0.5 alloy nanoparticles from a polyol process were investigated, showing the alloy nanostructures with the formation of a new phase and twin microstructures. Giant diamagnetism, on the order of -10-2 emu g-1 Oe-1, is observed in the zero-field cooled process of the nanoparticles, which is modeled in terms of the spin-orbital interactions tuned by the modified potential energy as a result of the shrinking dimension, peculiar disordered microstructure, and heterogeneous elemental composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed NiFeSiB/CoFeB hybrid free-layers for magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with MgO tunnel barrier layers. These junctions show tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) ratios and resistance-area (RA) values ranging from 118-209% and 36-2380 Ω respectively, obtained at room temperature. Compared to the CoFeB single free-layer case, the NiFeSiB/CoFeB hybrid free-layer approach has the advantage of lowering saturation magnetization. The low magnetization material would be effective to decrease the switching current in spin transfer torque (STT) switching. The experimental results show that the RA value depends not only on the thickness of the MgO barrier but also on the structure of the free layer used. Tunable in the TMR ratio and RA value using the design of the hybrid free-layer, our hybrid free-layered MTJs demonstrate a desirable lower RA value but a similar TMR ratio in comparison to the CoFeB free-layered ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bulk Co-Cu alloy thin films were fabricated on amorphous substrates, instead of the commonly employed metallic substrates, by dc electrodeposition. The stoichiometric distributions of thin films on both sides was estimated using bath parameters, e.g., current pulse amplitude and electrolyte pH by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The results obtained revealed that film Cu contents were much higher on the solution/film interface than at the substrate/film interface. This indicates that the metals exchange between Co and Cu occurred immediately after the end of cathodic pulse until the films completely separated from electrolyte contribution to the asymmetry of Cu distribution. On increasing the cathodic current density, the films became more and more Co rich in a low pH bath, whereas at above 80 mA/cm² Co content was as high as 90 wt.%. The significant variations in the compositions of thin films formed using conditions of identical current density were also observed when the pH value was varied, which indicates the presence of a strong relation between bath pH value and composition dependence for the Co/Cu electrodeposition process. Moreover, some films deposited from higher pH baths showed oxygen incorporation in films at the solution side of the deposited film. The coercive fields of films obtained under fixed cur- rent, e.g., 80 mA/cm², at varying thicknesses were measured by vibrating sample magnetometer, and a correlation between coercivity and film thickness was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of substrates on the microstructure and magnetic properties of electrodeposited Co nanowire arrays in porous anodic aluminum oxide membrane was investigated. It is found that the nanowires possess dominant (002) and (110) textures on the Co-coated nanocrystalline Finemet™ and Au substrates, respectively. Magnetic measurements show that the easy axis of the nanowire arrays switches from perpendicular to the wire axis on Au to parallel to the wire axis on the Co-coated nanocrystalline Finemet™ substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the magneto-transport measurements of MgO magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) composed of NiFeSiB/CoFeB as the free layer for two different structures (top-type and bottom-type pinning). The magneto-transport properties of these MTJs were investigated by varying the thickness of the amorphous NiFeSiB layer for a fixed C0FeB thickness. The tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR), measured in both type of structures, exhibit the same or a higher amplitude (up to 230% measured at room temperature in the case of top-type device), comparing to the case of a single CoFeB free layer. These results suggest that hybrids free layers can be used as good candidates for MTJs with reduced saturation magnetization while keeping a high TMR ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]