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본 연구는 코로나19에 따른 항공사 직무환경요인으로 인한 객실 승무원의 직무 스트레스와 이직의도에 미치는 영향에 대해 연구하고자한다. 이에 따라 코로나19 이후의 객실 승무원의 직무환경과 각 하위요인들(업무의 어려움, 대인관계, 근무제도) 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 고차요인(2차 요인) 분석을 실시하였다. 분석대상은 항공사에 근무하고 있는 객실승무원을 대상으로 온라인을 통하여 설문조사를 실시하였다. 설문조사 기간은 약 3주간 조사하여 총 350부를 배포하여 이 중 불성실한 설문지 30부를 제외하고 총 320부를 최종분석에 사용하였다. 연구모형을 검증하기 위해 PLS 경로분석을 실시하였다. 연구결과 직무환경요인중 업무어려움과 근무제도는 직무 스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나, 대인관계는 직무스트레스에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 기존의 연구와는 배치되는 결과로써 코로나19 발생 시점을 전후하여 항공 산업의 내/외부환경 변화를 고려해 볼 때 본 연구의 결과는 조금 다른 차원에서 해석될 필요가 있다. 그 밖에 전반적인 연구결과에 대한 시사점을 제시하였으며, 코로나 19에 따른 직무환경요인이 직무 스트레스에 영향을 주는 주요 요인을 파악하여 향후 항공사 객실승무원들의 직무 스트레스와 이직의도를 낮출 수 있는 방안을 제시하고 실무적, 학술적 시사점을 제시하고자 한다.

For detection of targets, a radar conventionally scans a specified search volume with a fixed beam lattice of a specified beam spacing. With the fixed beam lattice, the detection performance of the radar within a unit beam lattice changes depending on the line-of-sight angle to a target. In this paper, multiple step interlaced scan is proposed to minimize the deviation of the detection performance due to the change of the target line-of-sight angle. As a figure of merit for the detection performance, the cumulative probability of detection is analyzed for various values of the interlaced scan step with different beam overlap ratios, and the optimal values of the steps to minimize the deviation of the cumulative probability of detection are derived.

© 2016 ETRI Journal, Volume 38, Number 1, February 2016 http://dx.doi.org/10.4218/etrij.16.0115.0176 This paper presents a low-complexity channel-adaptive reconfigurable 4 × 4 QR-decomposition and M-algorithmbased maximum likelihood detection (QRM-MLD) multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) detector. Two novel design approaches for low-power QRM-MLD hardware are proposed in this work. First, an approximate survivor metric (ASM) generation technique is presented to achieve considerable computational complexity reduction with minor BER degradation. A reconfigurable QRM-MLD MIMO detector (where the M-value represents the number of survival branches in a stage) for dynamically adapting to time-varying channels is also proposed in this work. The proposed reconfigurable QRM-MLD MIMO detector is implemented using a Samsung 65 nm CMOS process. The experimental results show that our ASM-based QRM-MLD MIMO detector shows a maximum throughput of 288 Mbps with a normalized power efficiency of 10.18 Mbps/mW in the case of 4 × 4 MIMO with 64-QAM. Under time-varying channel conditions, the proposed reconfigurable MIMO detector also achieves average power savings of up to 35% while maintaining a required BER performance.

Plant factories are plant cultivation systems which produce farm products uniformly under the controlled environmental condition regardless of seasons and places. Thermal flow in the plant factory is an important parameter in cultivating plants. In this research, we study thermal flow characteristics for a hybrid plant factory with multi-layer cultivation shelves using computer simulation techniques. In order to obtain numerical solutions for thermal flow characteristics, a finite volume method was applied. We consider a low-Reynolds-number   turbulence model, incompressible viscous flows, and pressure boundary conditions for numerical simulation. Commercial software Solid Works Flow Simulation is then used to investigate characteristics of thermal flows in the plant factory applying several different inflow air velocities and arrangements of cultivation shelves. From numerical analysis results, we found that temperatures in cultivation shelves were uniformly distributed for Case 3 when the inflow air velocity was 1.6  by using a blower in the plant factory. However in Case 1 lower temperature distributions were observed in test beds, TB2 and TB3, which indicated that additional temperature control efforts would be required. Average shelf temperature increased by ℃ using artificial light source (DYLED47) with 50% blue and 50% red LED ratios. Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society.

A reflectarray with square ring (SR) elements that are designed to reduce the reflection phase sensitivity on a thin substrate is proposed. Generally, the SR element is designed with a fixed ring width, or a fixed ratio between the ring width and the outer length of the ring. However, it is difficult to obtain both a reflection phase range close to 360 $^{\circ}$ and sufficiently low phase sensitivity simultaneously with the conventional methods. Thus, a modified design method to reduce the phase sensitivity without sacrificing the phase range by introducing two procedures (changing the outer and inner lengths of the ring in opposite directions, and changing the inner length while fixing the outer length) is proposed to design a reflectarray on a $0.039\lambda_{0}$ thick substrate at 15 GHz. The radiation characteristics of the reflectarray designed with the proposed method are compared to those of the conventionally designed SR element reflectarray, and gain enhancement of 2.2 dB is achieved at 15 GHz.

A broadband microstrip reflectarray with five parallel dipole elements is proposed. Based on the operating mechanisms and the reflection phase characteristics of the five-dipole elements, the elements for the broadband reflectarray are designed. The radiation patterns of the five-dipole element reflectarray with the design frequency of ${f_0} = 15~\hbox{GHz}$ are measured, and 1-dB gain bandwidth of 33.52% is achieved. The measured peak gain at ${f_0} = 15~\hbox{GHz}$ is 31.4 dBi, which corresponds to the high aperture efficiency of 64.1%.

This paper presents a low-power coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC)-based reconfigurable discrete cosine transform (DCT) architecture. The main idea of this paper is based on the interesting fact that all the computations in DCT are not equally important in generating the frequency domain outputs. Considering the importance difference in the DCT coefficients, the number of CORDIC iterations can be dynamically changed to efficiently tradeoff image quality for power consumption. Thus, the computational energy can be significantly reduced without seriously compromising the image quality. The proposed CORDIC-based 2-D DCT architecture is implemented using 0.13 μm CMOS process, and the experimental results show that our reconfigurable DCT achieves power savings ranging from 22.9% to 52.2% over the CORDIC-based Loeffler DCT at the cost of minor image quality degradations.

Since responsible tourism (RT) emerged as a critical issue in the tourism literature in the early 2000s, the challenge has been how to encourage consumers to practice RT. In this context, the goal of this study is to examine effective ways to promote individuals&rsquo, RT behavior using message framing and appeals. The present study used campaign advertisements as a stimulus and employed a 2 &times, 2 factorial design ((message framing: gain framing vs. loss faming) &times, (appeal: rational appeal vs. emotional appeal)) in the experiment. In addition, the study investigated the moderating impact of involvement on people&rsquo, s attitude towards advertising and intention to participate in RT. Independent-sample t-tests and a two-way analysis of variance were used to verify the hypotheses. The results of the study revealed that gain-framed messages had a greater influence on individuals&rsquo, attitude towards the advertisement and their intention to participate in RT than loss-framed messages in the low-involvement group. Furthermore, rational and emotional appeals had a greater influence on people&rsquo, s attitude towards the advertisement in the high- and low-involvement groups, respectively.

본 연구는 도체월령별 도체형질의 변화를 분석하여 적정 도축시기를 결정하는 데 필요한 정보를 얻기 위한 목적으로 실시하였으며, 2005년 10월부터 2011년 9월 사이에 도축된 거세우 17,249두의 도체형질자료를 이용하였다. 각 도체형질의 평균과 표준편차는 도축일령, 도체중, 등지방두께, 등심면적, 근내지방도, 육량지수, 도체단가 및 도체 총가격에서 각각 $940.4{\pm}73.00$ , $437.0{\pm}48.70$ kg, $12.1{\pm}4.32$ mm, $90.3{\pm}9.51cm^2$ , $5.7{\pm}1.86$ , $65.13{\pm}3.23$ , $14.150{\pm}1.77$ 천원 및 $6181.18{\pm}1009.46$ 천 원으로 나타났다. 도체월령별 회귀계수에서 조기 도축그룹에서는 도체 단가를 제외한 전체 형질들에서, 만기 도축그룹에서는 근내지방도를 제외한 전체 형질들에서 월령별 회귀계수가 유의성이 인정되었다. 수익을 얻기 위해서는 28개월령 이전으로 도축시기를 결정해야 할 것으로 판단된다. 【This aim of this study was to estimate the most reasonable slaughter month for Hanwoo steers according to carcass traits. Carcass trait data on Hanwoo steers (17,249 head) were collected from October 2008 to September 2011. To measure the regression coefficients, Hanwoo steers were divided into two groups according to slaughter age: early (25 to 31 months) and late (32 to 38 months) groups. Regression coefficients of carcass traits according to slaughter age were significantly different (p】

Due to the decline of a rural community, traditional periodic markets regarded as a center of an agricultural village have been gradually downsized. While researchers have made a counterproposal to revitalize the traditional periodic markets, there has limit in examining how space structure of the traditional periodic markets affect visitors. Thus this study aims to analyze space structure and visitor circulation using a space syntax, a quantitative analysis focusing on PyeongChang Daehwa market. The finding revealed high degree of unification and clearness which means overall space structure was efficient for visitors to recognize and move across the space. However, there is required to build strategies encouraging consumption. The result of analyzing visitor circulation showed the degree of unification is the highest in visitor circulation where center of the market or main facilities is located. In sum, in order to revitalize deserted traditional periodic markets, rural communities need to work out strategies to encourage consumption and expand both information desk and convenience facilities.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze the Korea tourism brand image in a popular tour guidebook, Lonely Planet Korea and to provide an objective insight for examining destination image.Design/methodology/approachTo achieve this goal, this study used content analysis to analyze the Korea tourism brand image.FindingsOverall, 200,435 words were selected. The frequency of words was highly related to transportation and famous attractions. Moreover, to evaluate the value of the Korea tourism brand image, only adjectives in context were extracted. In total, 2,716 adjectives in each category were examined. The Korea tourism brand image was positive in that “good” adjectives were the most frequently selected. Furthermore, value properties based on The Lasswell Value Dictionary were examined. The value of words also supported the results of the content analysis of adjectives. The results of correspondence analysis found that the “outdoor” category was separately positioned with “old” adjectives.Practical implicationsBased on the results of content analysis by category, selected adjectives reflected current Korean tourism and hospitality problems.Originality/valueThe paper suggests implications that can be used to improve the Korea tourism brand image.

In this paper, a circular dual mode horn with modified aperture is proposed to improve a E/H-plane radiation pattern symmetry of a conventional oversized circular dual mode horn. The proposed antenna consists of a feeding section, a mode generation section and a phase matching section which has aperture shape transition from circle to ellipse or rectangle to improve a E/H-plane radiation pattern symmetry. To compare the performances between the proposed antenna and the convenional circular dual mode horn, the conventional circular dual mode horn and the proposed circular dual mode horn with rectangular aperture are fabricated and researched at 15 GHz. The measured results show that the conventional circular dual mode horn has 3.394 dB difference while the proposed antenna has only 0.539 dB difference between E and H-plane radiation patterns within the -11 dB beamwidth() which is required beamwidth of the feed horn for the maximum aperture efficiency where f/d ratio of reflector antenna is 1.