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Building information modeling (BIM) and geographic information system (GIS) are often integrated to achieve more refined urban management. Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and City Geography Markup Language (CityGML) are widely used standards in BIM and GIS. The main problem of the transformation of these two standards lies in the gap between them in geometry and semantics. This article introduces an ontology‐based rule mapping approach, achieving the transformation from IFC to CityGML through coordinate system conversion, geometric expression conversion, and semantic mapping. For semantic mapping, we have designed and established rules, enabling the effective mapping of the IFC model to the CityGML level of detail 0 (LOD0) to LOD4 model based on entities, appearance properties and building properties. To fully demonstrate the entire process, we give a detailed elaboration of the conversion of several IFC models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increased antibiotic resistance has made bacterial infections a global concern, which requires novel non-antibiotic-dependent antibacterial strategies to address the menace. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a promising antibiotic alternative, whose antibacterial mechanism is mainly to destroy the membrane of bacteria. Gallium ions exhibit an antibacterial effect by interfering with the iron metabolism of bacteria. With the rapid development of nanotechnology, it is worth studying the potential of gallium-AMP-based nanocomposites for treating bacterial infections. Herein, novel gallium-based metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) were synthesized at room temperature, followed by in situ loading of the model AMP melittin. The obtained nanocomposites exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than pure MEL and gallium ions, achieving the effects of "one plus one is greater than two". Moreover, the nanocomposites showed favorable biocompatibility and accelerated healing of a wound infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by down-regulation of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-α. This work presents an innovative antibacterial strategy to overcome the antibiotic resistance crisis and expand the application of AMPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrode materials play a crucial role in the efficient treatment of organic wastewater through electrocatalytic oxidation. Semi-coke after activation has recently been found as a potential and reliable electrode material, and TiO2-coated electrodes have been developed for a range of applications owing to their superior electro-catalytic performance. Therefore, this study focused on Rhodamine B (RhB) removal via electro-catalysis using a TiO2/activated semi-coke (TiO2/ASC) composite, and the synthesized composite was characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, and UV-DRS analysis. The results showed that TiO2 particles were evenly distributed on the ASC surface, and TiO2 could reduce the value of the band gap and facilitate electron transport in electrocatalysis. The influencing factors during RhB removal with the TiO2/ASC composite were also investigated, with an initial pH value of 2, a bias voltage of 16 V, an initial concentration of 3 mg/L, and a 50 mg dosage of the TiO2/ASC composite, indicating that RhB could be completely removed after 45 min. A second-order quadratic model was established to describe the relationship between the RhB removal rate and three significant factors: dosage, reaction time, and initial pH. Response surface methodology was used to describe the interactive effects of three variables, which was effective for understanding the behavior of electro-catalysis on the TiO2/ASC composite. The kinetics study demonstrated that RhB removal during the electro-catalysis process confirmed pseudo-first-order kinetics. Highlights: It provides a new pathway for the utilization of affordable semi-coke. TiO2 loaded on activated semi-coke reduce band gap and promote electron transport. It establishes the relationship between the RhB removal rate and three main factors. It describes the interactive effects of three variables in electro-catalysis process. RhB removal during the electro-catalysis confirms pseudo-first-order kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances, specifically in the understanding of the biomechanical properties of the cornea and its response to diseases and surgical interventions, have significantly improved the safety and surgical outcomes of corneal refractive surgery, whose popularity and demand continue to grow worldwide. However, iatrogenic keratectasia resulting from the deterioration in corneal biomechanics caused by surgical interventions, although rare, remains a global concern. On one hand, in vivo biomechanical evaluation, enabled by clinical imaging systems such as the ORA and the Corvis ST, has significantly improved the risk profiling of patients for iatrogenic keratectasia. That is despite the fact the biomechanical metrics provided by these systems are considered indicators of the cornea's overall stiffness rather than its intrinsic material properties. On the other hand, new surgical modalities including SMILE were introduced to offer superior biomechanical performance to LASIK, but this superiority could not be proven clinically, creating more myths than answers. The literature also includes sound evidence that tPRK provided the highest preservation of corneal biomechanics when compared to both LASIK and SMILE. The aim of this review is twofold; to discuss the importance of corneal biomechanical evaluation prior to refractive surgery, and to assess the current understanding of cornea's biomechanical deterioration caused by mainstream corneal refractive surgeries. The review has led to an observation that new imaging techniques, parameters and evaluation systems may be needed to reflect the true advantages of specific refractive techniques and when these advantages are significant enough to offer better protection against post-surgery complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]